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Light - Reflection

The document discusses the principles of light reflection and refraction, focusing on the laws of reflection and the characteristics of spherical mirrors, including concave and convex mirrors. It details the definitions of key terms such as pole, center of curvature, radius of curvature, principal axis, and focal length. Additionally, it explains the formation of images by concave and convex mirrors and introduces the mirror formula and magnification.

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9 views27 pages

Light - Reflection

The document discusses the principles of light reflection and refraction, focusing on the laws of reflection and the characteristics of spherical mirrors, including concave and convex mirrors. It details the definitions of key terms such as pole, center of curvature, radius of curvature, principal axis, and focal length. Additionally, it explains the formation of images by concave and convex mirrors and introduces the mirror formula and magnification.

Uploaded by

gunendra4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Light – Reflection and

Refraction
9.1 REFLECTION OF LIGHT

A highly polished surface, such as a mirror,


reflects most of the light falling on it.
Plane Surface

Rough Surface
Laws of reflection

(i) The angle of incidence is equal to the


angle of reflection

(ii) The incident ray, the normal to the mirror


at the point of incidence and the reflected
ray, all lie in the same plane.
9.2 SPHERICAL MIRRORS
A spherical mirror, whose reflecting surface is
curved inwards is called as concave mirror.
A spherical mirror, whose reflecting surface is
curved outwards is called as convex mirror.
Pole (P):
The centre of the reflecting surface of a spherical mirror is a
point called the pole.

Centre of curvature(C):
The centre of the sphere of which the spherical mirror is a
part.

Radius of curvature (R):


The radius of the sphere of which the reflecting surface of a
spherical mirror forms a part, is called the radius of curvature
of the mirror

Principal Axis:
An imaginary a straight line passing through the pole and the
centre of curvature of a spherical mirror. This line is called the
principal axis.
Principal focus of a concave mirror:
The light rays that are parallel to the principal axis of a concave mirror converge
at a specific point on its principal axis after reflecting from the mirror. This point
is known as the principal focus of the concave mirror.

Focal Length :
The focal length of a concave mirror is defined as the distance between the pole
and the focus.
Convex Mirror = Diverging Mirror
Focus of a convex mirror it is a point on the principal axis from where the light rays that are
incident , parallel to the principal axis , appear to arrive after reflection from the mirror.

Focal length of a convex mirror it is the distance of the focus from pole of the convex mirror
Formation of image in a concave mirror
Nature, position and relative size of the image formed by a
concave mirror
A ray parallel to the principal axis, after reflection, will pass
through the principal focus in case of a concave mirror or
appear to diverge from the principal focus incase of a
convex mirror.
A ray passing through the principal focus of a concave
mirror or a ray which is directed towards the principal focus
of a convex mirror, after reflection, will emerge parallel to
the principal axis.
A ray passing through the centre of curvature of a
concave mirror or directed in the direction of the centre
of curvature of a convex mirror, after reflection, is
reflected back along the same path.
A ray incident obliquely to the principal axis, towards a
point P, is reflected back making same angle with principal
axis.
Nature, position and relative size of the image formed by a
convex mirror
Mirror Formula
Magnification

h= height of the object


h’= height of an image

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