PL/SQL

CONTENTS:
PL/SQL BASICS
A N O N Y M O U S B LO C K
S CONTROL STRUC
TURES

Dr. Yogita Pagar (Bhise)

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

K.K.W.I.E.E.R., Nashik

8/20/2022
 Session Outcomes

At the end of this session, you will be able to:

● Understand the PL/SQL Block terminology
and features of PL/SQL
● Use various PL/SQL types, variables and
subtypes
● Use SQL statements inside PL/SQL Block
● Use various PL/SQL control structures
● Write and execute anonymous Blocks

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 SQL

● The purpose of SQL is to provide an interface to a

relational database such as Oracle Database, and
all SQL statements are instructions to the
database.

● The strengths of SQL provide benefits for all types

of users, including application programmers,
database administrators, managers, and end
users.

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Why PLSQL

If SQL is so
powerful,
why we
require to
use
PL/SQL?

Let us think
about few
scenarios…

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 Why PLSQL

How can we have a chain of SQL statements

which produce result according to the output of
previous queries?

How can we take any smart decisions based on users

input or based on output on previous queries..?

How can we automate any task using SQL?

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 Introduction

• The PL/SQL programming language was developed

by Oracle Corporation in the late 1980s as
procedural extension language for SQL and the
Oracle relational database.

• PL/SQL, supplement SQL with standard

programming- language features like:

• Block (modular) structure

• Flow-control statements and loops
• Variables, constants, and types
• Structured data
• Customized error handling

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 Why
PL/SQL?
• The purpose of PL/SQL is to combine database
language and procedural programming language.

• By extending SQL, PL/SQL offers a unique

combination of power and ease of use.

• PL/SQL fully supports all SQL data

manipulation statements.

• We can write procedures and functions which can

be invoked from different applications.
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 Why
PL/SQL?
● provides facilities like condition checking,
branching, looping.
● Entire block of SQL statements to engine reduces
network traffic
● Permits dealing with errors
● Use of variables

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Why
PL/SQL? Tight
Integration
with SQL
Access to
Better
Pre-defined
Performance
Packages

Supports
Tight Security both
static and
Advantages dynamic SQL.
Of
PL/SQL

Support for
Object- Higher
Oriented Productivity
Programming

Support for
Developing
Full Portability
Web
Applications

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 PL/SQL
Block
• PL/SQL is a block-structured language.
• Each program written in PL/SQL is written as a
block.
• Blocks can also be nested.
• Each block is meant for a particular task.
PL/SQL
Block types

Anonymous Named
Block Block

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 PL/SQL
Block

Anonymous Block Named Block

□Anonymous block doesn’t □Named block do have

have name. names.

□After compilation, it is not □Once compiled, Named

getting stored on oracle blocks are getting stored
server. on oracle server.

□We can not call □We can call them in ay

anonymous block in any other pl/sql block
other pl/sql block

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PL/SQL Anonymous
Block

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 Comments in
PL/SQL

• To comment line or lines in a PL/SQL program

use,

• -- for single line comment

• /* */ for multi-line comment

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 First PL/SQL
Block
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘Hello! Welcome to PL/SQL’);
END;

• DBMS_OUTPUT is a package which is used for

debugging, or for displaying messages SQL*Plus

• PUT_LINE is a procedure within that package; it accepts

a line of information as input

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 PL/SQL Control
Structures
● PL/SQL, like other 3GL has a variety of control
structures which include
• Conditional controls
o IF
• Iterative Controls (Loops)
o Simple loop
o While loop
o For loop
• Sequential control
o GOTO

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Conditional controls IF

● Syntax
IF condition 1 THEN
-- Executes when the condition 1 is true
Statements;
ELSIF condition 2 THEN
-- Executes when the condition 2 is true
Statements;
ELSIF condition3 THEN
-- Executes when the condition 3 is true
Statements;
ELSE
-- executes when the none of the above
condition is true
Statements;
END IF;
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 Example: IF .. ELSE ..
END IF
Declare
mroll
number(10); matt
number(10);
Begin
mroll:= &mroll;
select at into matt from stud11 where roll =
mroll; if matt<75 then
dbms_output.put_line(mroll||'is detained');
update stud11 set status='D' where roll=mroll;
else
dbms_output.put_line(mroll||'is Not detained');
update stud11 set status='ND'where roll=mroll;
end if;
End; 8/20/2022
Thank You

8/20/2022