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How composite attributes are stored in dbms according to ER diagram. Do we need to
create a seperate table for them?

In a Database Management System (DBMS), composite attributes from an Entity-Relationship (ER) diagram
are typically stored in the same table as the entity they belong to. A composite attribute is an attribute that can
be subdivided into smaller attributes, each of which is meaningful on its own.

>
Storage of Composite Attributes:
e

Single Table Approach:

Each component of the composite attribute is stored as a separate column in the same table as the entity.
-

For example, if an entity Employee has a composite attribute Address with components Street, City, and
ZipCode, the Employee table would have separate columns for Street, City, and ZipCode.

Employee
------------------------
| EmpID | Name | Street | City | ZipCode |
------------------------

Separate Table Approach:

This approach is less common but can be used if the composite attribute is complex or needs to be reused
across multiple entities.
A separate table is created for the composite attribute, with a foreign key linking back to the entity.
For example, an Address table might be created separately, with each Employee having a foreign key
reference to their Address.

Employee
--------------------
| EmpID | Name | AddressID |
--------------------

Address
------------------------
| AddressID | Street | City | ZipCode |
------------------------

Which Approach to Use?

Single Table Approach is the most common and efficient for simple composite attributes, as it avoids the
overhead of managing multiple tables and joins.
Separate Table Approach might be considered if:
The composite attribute is complex or contains many components.
The attribute is shared among multiple entities (e.g., multiple entities might share the same address).
You need to enforce additional constraints or relationships on the components of the composite attribute.
For most ER diagrams and designs, the Single Table Approach suffices unless the complexity or reuse
scenario justifies a separate table.
How multivalued attributes are stored in dbms according to ER diagram. Do we need to create a seperate
table for them?

In a Database Management System (DBMS), multivalued attributes from an Entity-Relationship (ER) diagram are stored differently compared
to composite attributes. A multivalued attribute is an attribute that can have multiple values for a single entity instance.

-
Storage of Multivalued Attributes:

Separate Table Approach:

Multivalued attributes are always stored in a separate table because a single attribute can have multiple values for one entity instance.
The separate table typically contains two columns:
A foreign key that references the primary key of the main entity table.
A column for the values of the multivalued attribute.
This structure ensures that the relationship between the entity and its multivalued attribute is correctly represented.
Example:
Suppose you have an entity Employee with a multivalued attribute PhoneNumbers.

The Employee table might look like this:

Employee
--------------------
| EmpID | Name |
--------------------
| 1 | John |
| 2 | Jane |
--------------------

The PhoneNumbers multivalued attribute would be stored in a separate table:

EmployeePhoneNumbers
-----------------------------
| EmpID | PhoneNumber |
-----------------------------
| 1 | 123-456-7890 |
| 1 | 234-567-8901 |
| 2 | 345-678-9012 |
-----------------------------
Here, EmpID in the EmployeePhoneNumbers table is a foreign key referencing the Employee table, and PhoneNumber holds the values of the
multivalued attribute.

Alternative Approach (Normalization):

In some cases, the multivalued attribute can be normalized into its own entity if it has its own attributes or relationships.
For instance, if PhoneNumber had additional attributes like Type (e.g., mobile, home, work), it might be modeled as a separate entity Phone
with a relationship to Employee.

Employee
--------------------
| EmpID | Name |
--------------------

Phone
--------------------------
| PhoneID | Number | Type |
--------------------------

EmployeePhone
----------------------------
| EmpID | PhoneID |
----------------------------

Summary:
Multivalued attributes require a separate table in the database schema.
This separate table will typically include a foreign key referencing the main entity and a column (or columns) for storing the multiple values.
Depending on the complexity, the multivalued attribute might be normalized into a new entity if it has additional attributes or relationships.
What is the difference between complex attributes and multivalued and composite attribute

In an Entity-Relationship (ER) model, complex attributes, multivalued attributes, and composite attributes are different concepts used to describe
the structure and properties of attributes in an entity. Here's how they differ:

1. Composite Attributes:
Definition: A composite attribute is an attribute that can be subdivided into smaller components, each of which represents a meaningful attribute on
its own.

Example: An attribute like Address might be a composite attribute, consisting of Street, City, State, and ZipCode.

Storage in DBMS: In the database, each component of a composite attribute is typically stored as a separate column in the same table as the
entity. For instance:

Employee
------------------------
| EmpID | Name | Street | City | State | ZipCode |
------------------------
2. Multivalued Attributes:
Definition: A multivalued attribute is an attribute that can have more than one value for a single entity instance.

Example: An attribute like PhoneNumbers for an Employee entity might be multivalued because an employee can have multiple phone numbers.

Storage in DBMS: Multivalued attributes are stored in a separate table, with a foreign key linking back to the main entity table. Each value of the
multivalued attribute is stored in a separate row.

Employee
--------------------
| EmpID | Name |
--------------------

EmployeePhoneNumbers
-----------------------------
| EmpID | PhoneNumber |
-----------------------------
| 1 | 123-456-7890 |
| 1 | 234-567-8901 |
-----------------------------
3. Complex Attributes:
Definition: A complex attribute is an attribute that combines both composite and multivalued characteristics. It is a composite attribute where some
or all of the components are themselves multivalued.

Example: Suppose you have an entity Employee with a complex attribute Dependent, where each Dependent has multiple PhoneNumbers.
Dependent itself could be a composite attribute (e.g., Name, Relation), and PhoneNumbers would be a multivalued attribute within that composite
attribute.

Storage in DBMS: Complex attributes often require multiple tables. One table might represent the composite part (e.g., Dependent), and another
might represent the multivalued part (e.g., PhoneNumbers for each dependent).
- -
Employee

-
-------------------
| EmpID | Name |
e
-------------------

Dependent
---------------------------------
| EmpID | DependentName | Relation |
---------------------------------

DependentPhoneNumbers
------------------------------------
| EmpID | DependentName | PhoneNumber |
------------------------------------

Summary of Differences:
Composite Attributes: Can be broken down into smaller, meaningful attributes. Each part is stored in the same table as separate columns.
Multivalued Attributes: Can have multiple values for a single entity instance. Stored in a separate table with a foreign key reference to the main
entity.
Complex Attributes: Combine both composite and multivalued attributes, requiring a more elaborate storage scheme involving multiple tables to
represent both the composite and multivalued aspects.
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