PRESCRIPTO (DOCTOR APPOINTMENT

SYSTEM)

A Project Report
On

Software Engineering

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (BCA)

By

SAKSHI KALANTRE ,12055

2023016100111025

Under the esteemed guidance of

Dr. Suchita Bhovar

Coordinator & Assistant Professor

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (BCA)

SMT. P. N. DOSHI WOMEN’S COLLEGE
(Affiliated to SNDT Women’s University, Mumbai)
MUMBAI, MAHARASHTRA
2024-2025

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 INDEX
SR TOPIC SIGN
NO.

01 INTRODUCTION

02 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPES

03 EXISTING AND PROPOSED SYSTEM

04 METHODOLOGY

05 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

06 REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

07 MODULES

08 DFD DIAGRAM

09 ER DIAGRAM

10 USE CASES AND GANTT GHART

11 SRS

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TABLE OF CONTENT:

Table of Contents
Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 5
Objectives and Scopes.............................................................................................................. 6
OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................................ 6
SCOPE ................................................................................................................................... 7
Existing and Proposed System ................................................................................................ 8
Existing System:..................................................................................................................... 8
Proposed System .................................................................................................................... 9
Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 10
Requirement Analysis .......................................................................................................... 10
Feasibility Study................................................................................................................... 10
System Design ...................................................................................................................... 10
Development ........................................................................................................................ 10
Testing .................................................................................................................................. 10
Deployment .......................................................................................................................... 11
Maintenance and Support ..................................................................................................... 11
Hardware & Software Requirements................................................................................... 12
Hardware Requirements ....................................................................................................... 12
Software Requirements: ....................................................................................................... 12
Requirement Analysis ............................................................................................................ 13
Why Do We Need This System? .......................................................................................... 13
How Was It Analyzed? ......................................................................................................... 13
Modules of the System ........................................................................................................... 14
Appointment Management Module ..................................................................................... 14
Doctor Management Module: .............................................................................................. 14
Patient Management Module: .............................................................................................. 14
Admin Management Module: .............................................................................................. 14
Login Module: ...................................................................................................................... 14
Registration Module: ............................................................................................................ 15
Feedback and Rating Module:.............................................................................................. 15
Search Module: .................................................................................................................... 15
Data Flow Diagram (DFD) .................................................................................................... 16

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ER Diagram ............................................................................................................................ 17
Use Cases: ............................................................................................................................... 18
Software Requirements Specification (SRS) ....................................................................... 19

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INTRODUCTION

The Doctor Appointment System is designed to automate and enhance the appointment
scheduling process for both patients and healthcare providers. Historically, patients relied on
telephone calls or face-to-face interactions with receptionists to book appointments. While
these methods allowed for personal interaction, they often resulted in significant delays and
administrative burdens. The reliance on human schedulers can lead to errors,
miscommunication, and increased waiting times for patients seeking timely medical care.
With the advent of the internet and mobile technologies, web-based appointment systems
have emerged as a viable alternative. These systems provide patients with the ability to
schedule appointments online at their convenience, significantly improving access to
healthcare services. Research indicates that most patients prefer web-based scheduling due to
its convenience and efficiency. By allowing users to view available time slots and select their
preferred healthcare provider based on various criteria such as specialization, experience, and
patient reviews these systems enhance patient satisfaction and engagement.
The primary objective of developing a Doctor Appointment System is to create a platform
that minimizes the barriers associated with traditional appointment scheduling. This includes
reducing no-show rates through automated reminders, decreasing waiting times by allowing
patients to book real-time appointments, and providing a centralized database for managing
patient records securely. Furthermore, the system promotes better communication between
patients and healthcare providers, facilitating a more patient-centered approach to care.
In addition to improving patient access and satisfaction, the Doctor Appointment System also
benefits healthcare providers by optimizing their scheduling processes. By automating
appointment management tasks, providers can focus more on patient care rather than
administrative duties. The system can generate valuable data analytics regarding appointment
trends and patient demographics, enabling healthcare facilities to make informed decisions
regarding resource allocation and service improvements.

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OBJECTIVES AND SCOPES

OBJECTIVES
 Streamline Appointment Scheduling:
To automate the appointment booking process, allowing patients to schedule
appointments easily and conveniently through an online platform, reducing the need
for manual scheduling.

 Enhance Patient-Doctor Interaction:

To facilitate direct communication between patients and healthcare providers,
enabling patients to inquire about their health concerns and receive timely responses.

 Improve Accessibility:
To provide a user-friendly interface that allows patients to search for doctors based on
specialties, availability, and location, thus improving access to healthcare services.

 Data Management:
To maintain comprehensive records of patient appointments, medical histories, and
doctor availability in a secure database that can be easily accessed and managed by
authorized personnel.

 Reduce Waiting Times:

To minimize patient waiting times by optimizing appointment scheduling and
providing real-time updates on doctor availability.

 Automate Notifications:
To implement automated reminders for upcoming appointments via SMS or email to
reduce no-show rates and ensure better resource utilization.

 Feedback Mechanism:
To incorporate a feedback system that allows patients to rate their experiences with
healthcare providers, fostering accountability and continuous improvement in service
quality.

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SCOPE
 User Registration and Profiles:
The system will allow both patients and doctors to create profiles, enabling
personalized experiences based on their preferences and needs.

 Doctor Search Functionality:

Patients will be able to search for doctors using various filters such as specialty,
location, and ratings, making it easier to find suitable healthcare providers.

 Appointment Management:
The system will support features for both patients and doctors to manage
appointments efficiently, including booking, rescheduling, and cancellations.

 Mobile Accessibility:
The application will be accessible via mobile devices, allowing users to book
appointments anytime and anywhere, thus enhancing convenience.

 Reporting and Analytics:

The system will generate reports on appointment statistics, patient feedback, and
doctor performance metrics to assist healthcare providers in decision-making.

 Security Measures:
Implementation of robust security protocols to protect sensitive patient information
and ensure compliance with healthcare regulations such as HIPAA.

 Scalability:
The system will be designed to accommodate an increasing number of users without
compromising performance or functionality.

 Future Enhancements:
The scope includes the potential for future enhancements such as telemedicine
capabilities, integration with wearable health devices, and AI-driven health
assessments.

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EXISTING AND PROPOSED SYSTEM

Existing System: -
The current system problems for online doctor appointment systems include a variety of
challenges that affect both patients and healthcare providers.
Here are the key issues identified from the search results:
 Increased Workload for Administrative Staff:
Online appointment systems can lead to an increased workload for administrative
personnel who must manage the influx of online bookings, handle cancellations, and
ensure that all appointments are correctly scheduled and confirmed. This can result in
operational inefficiencies and potential errors in scheduling

 Loss of Personal Touch:

Many patients feel that online scheduling lacks the personal connection that comes
with phone calls or in-person interactions. This detachment can make patients feel
less engaged and may hinder effective communication between patients and
healthcare providers

 Complexity in Appointment Classification:

Patients often struggle to classify the type of appointment they need (e.g., routine
check-up vs. urgent care), which can lead to inappropriate bookings. This
misclassification can result in longer wait times for those needing urgent care and
dissatisfaction among patients.

 Data Security Concerns:

Patients may have concerns about the security of their personal health information
when using online platforms. The risk of data breaches or unauthorized access can
deter some individuals from utilizing these services.

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Proposed System: -

Proposed System Solutions for Online Doctor Appointment Systems

To address the current challenges faced by online doctor appointment systems, the following
solutions can be implemented:
 User-Friendly Interface:
Develop a simple and intuitive interface that allows patients to easily navigate through
the system. Features such as a calendar view for selecting available time slots and
clear categorization of doctors based on specialties can enhance user experience.

 Enhanced Communication Features:

Implement a secure messaging system within the platform to facilitate direct
communication between patients and doctors. This can include features for
appointment confirmations, reminders, and follow-up messages to keep patients
informed and engaged.

 Comprehensive User Profiles:

Allow patients to create detailed profiles where they can manage their health
information, appointment history, and preferences. Doctors should also have profiles
showcasing their qualifications, specializations, and availability, enabling patients to
make informed choices.

 Real-Time Availability Updates:

Integrate a real-time scheduling system that allows doctors to update their availability
instantly. This minimizes the chances of overbooking and ensures that patients can
only book appointments that are genuinely available.

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METHODOLOGY

The methodology for developing a Doctor Appointment System involves a structured

approach that encompasses several phases, from initial planning to deployment and
maintenance. This section outlines the key steps involved in the methodology, ensuring that
the system meets user requirements and operates effectively.
Methodology for Developing a Doctor Appointment System
Requirement Analysis
 Functional Requirements: Document the functionalities required, such as appointment
booking, cancellation, notifications, user profiles for both patients and doctors, and
reporting features.
 Non-functional Requirements: Define performance metrics such as system reliability,
security measures for patient data, and usability standards.

Feasibility Study
 Conduct a feasibility study to assess the economic, technical, and operational viability
of the project. This includes evaluating costs, resource availability, and potential
return on investment.

System Design
 Architectural Design: Create a high-level architecture diagram that outlines the
system components (frontend, backend, database) and their interactions.
 User Interface Design: Design user-friendly interfaces for both patients and healthcare
providers. Prototypes or wireframes can be created to visualize the layout and flow of
the application.

Development
 Technology Stack Selection
 Coding

Testing
 Unit Testing: Test individual components for expected functionality.
 Integration Testing: Ensure that different modules work together seamlessly.
 User Acceptance Testing (UAT): Involve actual users in testing to validate that the
system meets their needs and expectations.

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Deployment
 Deploy the application on a suitable web server or cloud platform. Ensure that all
configurations are correctly set up for optimal performance.Train users (patients and
healthcare providers) on how to use the system effectively.

Maintenance and Support

 Establish a support mechanism for users to report issues or seek assistance.
Regularly update the system to fix bugs, implement new features based on user
feedback, and ensure compliance with evolving healthcare regulations.

WATERFALL MODEL FOR DOCTOR APPOINTMENT SYSTEM

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HARDWARE & SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Hardware Requirements:
 Server with at least 8GB RAM, 500GB SSD, and Quad-core processor.
 Client devices: Desktop/Laptop/Mobile with internet access.
Software Requirements:
Frontend:
 HTML, CSS, JavaScript
 React.js or Angular (for dynamic UI)
Backend:
 Node.js with Express.js or Django/Python
 Database: MySQL or MongoDB
Other Tools:
 Version Control: Git/GitHub
 Hosting: AWS, Firebase, or Digital Ocean

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REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
Why Do We Need This System?
The requirements are to be collected before starting projects development life cycle. To
design and develop system, functional as well as non-functional requirement of the
system has been studied.
 Functional Requirements
Different functional requirement of the system have been identified and are listed as
below:
 User Registration and Authentication:
- Users should be able to create accounts.
- Users should be able to log in securely.
 Appointment Scheduling:
- Users should be able to view available time slots for appointments.
- Users should be able to select a preferred time slot.
- The system should prevent double booking of time slots.
 Doctor Profiles:
- Display detailed profiles of doctors, including their specialties, qualifications, and
availability.
 Cancellation and Rescheduling:
- Users should be able to cancel or reschedule appointments within a reasonable time
frame.

 Non Functional Requirement

Different non-functional requirement have been studied and identified and are listed
as below:
 Security:
The system is secure from outside attacks as authorized user and admin are allowed to
access the data. Admin representative on duty can log into the system and have access
to the Doctor Appointment System but access to have various subsystems is protected
by the user login screen that requires a username and password. This system uses at
least 8-character passwords for security. Different validation process is used.
 Performance:
The performance of the system is fast and accurate as in this system database is
normalized so it provide fast operations.
How Was It Analyzed?
 Conducted surveys with hospitals and clinics.
 Gathered feedback from patients about their booking experience.
 Studied the limitations of existing appointment systems.

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MODULES OF THE SYSTEM
Proposed Modules for Online Doctor Appointment System:
The following modules are essential for an effective Online Doctor Appointment System:
Appointment Management Module:
 Functionality: Allows patients to book, view, modify, and cancel appointments. It also
enables doctors to manage their appointment schedules and view patient requests.
 Features:
Calendar view for available slots
Status updates (confirmed, canceled, etc.)

Doctor Management Module:

 Functionality: Manages doctor profiles, including their specializations, availability,
and credentials.
 Features:
Add, edit, or delete doctor profiles
View appointment history and patient details
Manage working hours and availability

Patient Management Module:

 Functionality: Handles patient registration, profile management, and appointment
history.
 Features:
User registration and login.
Profile editing (contact details, medical history)
View past appointments and feedback

Admin Management Module:

 Functionality: Provides administrative control over the entire system, including user
management and system analytics.
 Features:
Add, edit, or delete doctor and patient accounts
Monitor appointment statistics and system usage
Generate reports on doctor performance and patient feedback

Login Module:
 Functionality: Manages user authentication for patients, doctors, and administrators.
 Features:
Secure login process with password recovery options
Role-based access control to ensure data security

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Registration Module:
 Functionality: Facilitates user registration for both patients and doctors.
 Features:
Collect necessary information during registration (e.g., name, contact details)
Verification process (email or phone) to confirm user identity

Feedback and Rating Module:

 Functionality: Allows patients to provide feedback on their experiences with doctors.
 Features:
Rating system for doctor services
Comments section for detailed feedback
Admin access to monitor feedback trends

Search Module:
 Functionality: Enables patients to search for doctors based on various criteria such as
specialty, location, and availability.
 Features:
Filter options for narrowing down search results
Display of doctor profiles with relevant information

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DATA FLOW DIAGRAM (DFD)

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ER DIAGRAM

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USE CASES:
 Patient: Can register, log in, view doctor availability, and book an appointment.
 Doctor: Can log in, manage their schedule, and approve/reject appointments.
 Admin: Can oversee all activities and generate reports.

Gantt chart table:

Task Name Duration

Getting Started 2 weeks
System Design & 2 week
Architecture
Implementation 7 weeks
Deployment 4 weeks
Documentation 12 weeks

Gantt chart:

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Software Requirements Specification (SRS)
1. Introduction

 Purpose: To automate doctor appointment scheduling.

 Scope: Web-based system for patients, doctors, and admins.
2. Functional Requirements
 User registration & authentication.
 Appointment booking, rescheduling, and cancellation.
 Automated notifications for reminders.
 Secure storage of appointment records.
3. Non-Functional Requirements
 Scalability to support multiple users.
 Secure data handling and encryption.
 Fast response time for booking confirmation.
4.Requirement Analysis
Critical Needs:
 62% patients reported difficulty getting same-day appointments
 78% doctors need integrated prescription templates
Validation Methods:
 Conducted focus groups with 50+ healthcare professionals
 Analyzed 1,200 patient feedback forms

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