Date: 2nd September

Class: X | Subject: Information Technology (IT)

Chapter 8: Operating System
Topic: Introduction to Operating Systems

🎯 Learning Objectives
• Understand the basic concept and need for an operating system (OS)
• Identify key functions of an OS in managing computer hardware and software
• Explore different types of operating systems
• Recognize the role of OS in user interaction and system resource management

🧠 Key Concepts Recap

Concept Description
Operating System (OS) System software that manages hardware and software resources
User Interface Means by which user interacts with the computer (GUI or CLI)
Process Management OS controls execution and scheduling of tasks or programs
Memory Management Handles allocation and organization of system memory
File System Manages data storage and access on drives
Device Management Coordinates input/output devices and drivers
Examples Windows, Linux, macOS, Android

🛠 Learning Activities

1. OS Around You
• Students list the devices they use and identify the OS running on each
• Compare features of mobile vs. desktop operating systems
2. Function Mapping Task
• Teacher gives OS functions like “Memory Management” or “File System”
• Students match real-world activities to each function (e.g., saving a photo)
3. Type Hunt Exercise
• Introduce types: single-user, multi-user, real-time, embedded OS
• Teams research examples and uses for each category
4. Interface Demo
• Show GUI vs. CLI interface with short videos or screenshots
• Let students try basic commands in simulated environment (e.g., dir, ls)
💬 Q&A Discussion

Question Model Answer

An OS is software that manages computer hardware and
What is an operating system?
enables user interaction
Name two functions of an OS Memory Management and Process Scheduling
What is the difference between GUI
GUI uses visual icons; CLI uses text commands
and CLI?
Give two examples of operating
Windows and Android
systems
Why is the OS essential for It makes hardware usable by managing resources and
computers? providing a user interface

📚 Homework Assignment
• Create a table listing 5 operating systems
Date: 3rd September

Class: X | Subject: Information Technology (IT)

Chapter 8: Operating System
Topic: Functions of Operating System

🎯 Learning Objectives
• Understand core functions of an operating system that manage hardware and software resources
• Explore how OS ensures smooth user interaction and system performance
• Identify real-life examples of OS functions in action

🧠 Key Concepts Recap

Function Description Real-Life Example

Memory Allocates RAM to processes and tracks
Opening multiple apps
Management memory usage without crashing
Processor Running a game while music
Schedules tasks and manages CPU time
Management plays
Organizes storage and access to files and Saving and retrieving
File Management
folders documents
Device Controls communication between system and Printing a file or using
Management input/output devices headphones
Security Protects system from unauthorized access User login and antivirus
Management and data threats operations
Using desktop icons or
User Interface Allows interaction through GUI or CLI
terminal commands

🛠 Learning Activities

1. Function-to-Scenario Matching
• Students match OS functions to daily computer activities (e.g., “Playing music” →
Processor Mgmt)
2. Mini Simulation Roleplay
• Divide class into roles: memory manager, processor, user, etc.
• Simulate actions like multitasking and file saving to visualize OS coordination
3. Function Poster Challenge
• Teams design a poster highlighting 5 OS functions with creative icons and explanations
4. Quickfire Quiz
• Rapid Q&A rounds: “Which OS function allocates CPU time?”, “What manages
folders?”
💬 Q&A Discussion

Question Model Answer

What does memory management do in It allocates RAM to different programs and frees
OS? memory when tasks end
It manages processor time among tasks so they run
How does OS help in multitasking?
smoothly together
Why is file management important? It organizes how data is stored, accessed, and updated
What OS function deals with Device management handles drivers and
input/output devices? communication between devices
Name two security features in an OS Password protection and malware prevention

📚 Homework Assignment
• Create a chart showing 5 functions of OS with icons and a brief description for each
Date: 4th September

Class: X | Subject: Information Technology (IT)

Chapter 8: Operating System
Topic: Types of Operating Systems

🎯 Learning Objectives
• Identify various types of operating systems based on their functionality and usage
• Understand the features and use cases of different OS categories
• Compare OS types based on user access, task management, and device type
• Recognize real-world examples of each OS type

🧠 Key Concepts Recap

OS Type Description Examples

Single-User OS Allows one user to operate the system at a time MS-DOS, Windows 10
Allows multiple users to access a system
Multi-User OS UNIX, Linux
simultaneously
Multiprocessing Supports execution of multiple processes using
Windows Server, macOS
OS multiple CPUs
Handles execution of multiple tasks
Multitasking OS Windows, Android
concurrently
Processes data in real-time with strict timing
Real-Time OS VxWorks, RTLinux
constraints
Novell NetWare, Windows
Network OS Provides services to computers over a network
Server
Designed for specific tasks in embedded Android (in TVs), Symbian
Embedded OS
systems (phones)

🛠 Learning Activities

1. OS Type Detective Game

• Give scenarios like "ATM software" or "Railway ticket system"
• Students identify the most suitable OS type
2. System Matching Exercise
• Match devices (smartphone, industrial robot, mainframe) with OS types
3. Group Poster Project
• Each group illustrates one OS type with definition, features, and 3 examples
4. Hands-On Research Task
• Students explore system settings in their devices to identify and classify the OS
💬 Q&A Discussion

Question Model Answer

What is a multi-user operating system? It allows multiple users to access the system at once
Which OS type is used in traffic control
Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)
systems?
What is the main feature of multitasking
It can run multiple applications at the same time
OS?
Name two embedded systems using OS Microwave ovens, smartwatches
To manage communication and resource sharing
Why do servers use network OS?
among computers

📚 Homework Assignment
• Create a table showing 6 OS types, their main function, and one example each

Date: 23rd September

Class: X | Subject: Information Technology (IT)
Chapter 8: Operating System
Topic: Windows 10 – Overview and Features

🎯 Learning Objectives
• Explore the features and interface of Windows 10
• Understand user interaction through Start Menu, Taskbar, and Windows Explorer
• Learn basic file and system management tasks using Windows GUI
• Identify the benefits of Windows 10 for personal and professional use

🧠 Key Concepts Recap

Feature Description
Start Menu Central access point for apps, settings, power options
Taskbar Displays open applications, quick-launch icons, and notifications
File Explorer Tool for browsing, organizing, and managing files and folders
Control Panel &
Used to customize system configuration and features
Settings
Cortana Built-in virtual assistant to search files and perform tasks
Windows Defender Built-in antivirus and security solution
Desktop & Icons Workspace for shortcuts, files, and folders
Keyboard combinations to speed up navigation (e.g., Win + E, Alt +
Shortcut Keys
Tab)

🛠 Learning Activities

1. Interface Tour
• Open Windows 10 on a smartboard or projector
• Show Start Menu, Taskbar, and File Explorer live
2. File Operations Practice
• Students create a folder, rename it, and move a file into it
• Use shortcut keys to open apps and switch tasks
3. Customization Challenge
• Let students change desktop background, screen saver, and taskbar position
4. Security Check Roleplay
• Simulate virus detection using Windows Defender interface
• Explain why updates and scans are essential
💬 Q&A Discussion

Question Model Answer

What is the function of the Start Menu? It provides access to apps, settings, and power options
How do you open File Explorer
Press Windows + E on the keyboard
quickly?
What tool protects Windows 10 from
Windows Defender
viruses?
Yes, its position, icons, and behavior can be changed
Can you customize the Taskbar?
via settings
Name one feature unique to Windows
Cortana, the voice-enabled virtual assistant
10

📚 Homework Assignment
• List 5 features of Windows 10 and describe each briefl

Date: 24th September

Class: X | Subject: Information Technology (IT)
Chapter 8: Operating System
Topic: New Features of Windows 10

🎯 Learning Objectives
• Discover the upgraded features introduced in Windows 10
• Understand how new tools enhance productivity, security, and user experience
• Explore GUI improvements and system capabilities unique to Windows 10

🧠 Key Concepts Recap

Feature Description
Start Menu Revival Combines classic Windows 7 menu with Windows 8 tiles
Virtual Desktops Allows creation of multiple desktops for task separation
Task View Displays all open windows and desktops for easy navigation
Microsoft Edge Browser A faster, more secure browser replacing Internet Explorer
Cortana Integration Voice-enabled assistant to search, set reminders, and open apps
Action Center Notification hub for messages, updates, and quick settings
Snap Assist Automatically resizes and arranges windows for multitasking
Continuum Mode Optimizes interface for touch or keyboard depending on device usage
Windows Security Built-in antivirus and malware protection through Windows Defender

🛠 Learning Activities

1. Feature Demo Walkthrough

• Display Windows 10 interface and demonstrate Task View, Snap Assist, and Action
Center
2. Cortana Challenge
• Students use Cortana to find a file, set a reminder, or open an app
• Discuss natural language input and AI-based tools
3. Edge vs. Explorer Comparison
• Explore Microsoft Edge and compare features with Internet Explorer
• Students browse websites and note performance differences
4. Desktop Organizer Race
• Use Snap Assist to arrange 3 apps on screen—fastest layout wins!

💬 Q&A Discussion
 Question Model Answer
It helps users view and switch between open windows
What is Task View used for?
and desktops
Name one feature added in Windows 10 Virtual Desktops
What does Snap Assist do? It helps users organize and resize windows easily
How does Cortana assist users? It responds to voice/text commands to perform tasks
Which browser was introduced in
Microsoft Edge
Windows 10?

📚 Homework Assignment
• Create a chart of 6 new Windows 10 features with icons and short descriptions

Date: 25th September

Class: X | Subject: Information Technology (IT)
Chapter 8: Operating System
Topic: The Desktop Environment in Windows

🎯 Learning Objectives
• Understand the concept and role of the desktop in Windows operating systems
• Explore key components of the desktop like icons, wallpaper, taskbar, and Start Menu
• Learn how to interact with desktop items for file access, system settings, and multitasking
• Practice customizing the desktop layout and appearance

🧠 Key Concepts Recap

Element Description
Desktop The main screen workspace seen after OS boots, showing icons and background
Icons Small pictures representing files, folders, programs, or shortcuts
Wallpaper Background image of the desktop, customizable through Settings
Taskbar Horizontal bar showing open applications, system tray, and Start button
Start Menu Central hub for accessing programs, settings, and power options
Shortcut Keys Combos like Win + D (show desktop) or Alt + Tab (switch apps)

🛠 Learning Activities

1. Desktop Tour Demo

• Project a live Windows desktop
• Highlight icons, taskbar, Start Menu, system tray
2. Create Your Own Workspace
• Students personalize wallpaper, rearrange icons, and add shortcuts
• Practice opening apps from desktop and pinning programs to taskbar
3. Icon Hunt Challenge
• Give students common tasks (e.g., open file, access browser)
• They identify and click correct desktop icon or Start Menu item
4. Shortcut Master Class
• Teach useful keys (Windows + E, Windows + D, Alt + Tab)
• Let students navigate using only shortcuts for 5 minutes

💬 Q&A Discussion

Question Model Answer

 It’s the main workspace showing icons and background
What is the Windows desktop?
after system boots.
How can you change your desktop Through Personalization settings in the Control Panel or
wallpaper? Settings app.
It helps manage open apps, show time and notifications, and
What is the function of the taskbar?
access Start Menu.
Can desktop icons be renamed or Yes, right-click options allow renaming and dragging to
moved? rearrange.
What does Win + D shortcut do? Minimizes all windows to show the desktop immediately.

📚 Homework Assignment
• Change your desktop wallpaper and describe the steps taken