B.P.
PODDAR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT
AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT NAME - EE
ACADEMIC YEAR – 2025-2026 SEMESTER – 7TH
SUBJECT:-COMPUTER NETWORK(OEEE-702C)
TOPIC :-Wireless and Mobile Networks Why it's good: Modern and
relatable.
DWAIPAYAN BASU 11501623031
NANDAN DUTTA 11501623032
NISRAT PARVIN 11501623033
SAPTARSHI KOLEY 11501623034
SOUBHAGYA MUKHERJEE 11501623035
Wireless and Mobile
Networks: Modern
Connectivity Explained
Welcome to our exploration of Wireless and Mobile Networks,
technologies that have profoundly reshaped how we connect and
communicate in the modern world. This presentation will delve into
the core concepts, key technologies like Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, and the
evolution of mobile networks from 3G to 5G. We'll also compare
these with traditional wired networks, highlighting their unique
advantages and diverse applications. Join us to understand the
invisible infrastructure that powers our digital lives.
What Are Wireless and Mobile Networks?
Wireless networks facilitate data transmission without
the need for physical cables, using radio waves,
microwaves, or infrared signals to bridge communication.
This freedom from cables allows for greater flexibility
and mobility.
Mobile networks take this a step further, enabling
continuous connectivity even when users are on the
move. They form the backbone for devices like
smartphones, tablets, and a growing array of Internet of
Things (IoT) devices, making seamless communication
possible anywhere with coverage.
Wi-Fi Standards (IEEE 802.11)
1 Evolution of Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi has seen rapid evolution, from early standards like 802.11b to the latest Wi-Fi 7 (802.11be). Each iteration
brings significant improvements in speed, capacity, and efficiency.
2 Wi-Fi 4 (802.11n)
Introduced dual-band operation (2.4 & 5 GHz) and Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology, boosting
speeds up to 600 Mbps.
3 Wi-Fi 5 (802.11ac)
Focused on the 5 GHz band, delivering theoretical speeds up to 3.5 Gbps, ideal for high-bandwidth applications like
video streaming.
4 Wi-Fi 6/6E (802.11ax)
Designed for dense environments, improving efficiency with OFDMA and MU-MIMO. Wi-Fi 6E adds the 6 GHz band
for less interference and higher capacity.
5 Wi-Fi 7 (802.11be)
The upcoming standard promises multi-band operation, speeds up to 30 Gbps, and ultra-low latency, supporting
next-gen applications like AR/VR.
Bluetooth Technology Overview
Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology primarily used
for creating Personal Area Networks (PANs). It enables devices
to connect and exchange data over short distances, typically
up to 30 feet (10 meters).
Key distinctions include Bluetooth Classic, optimized for audio
streaming (e.g., wireless headphones), and Bluetooth Low
Energy (BLE), designed for low-power consumption in IoT
devices like fitness trackers and smart home sensors.
Recent versions, like Bluetooth 5+, merge Classic and BLE
capabilities, offering increased range, speed, and support for
mesh networking, allowing devices to form larger
interconnected networks.
Mobile Networks: 3G, 4G, and 5G Evolution
4G (LTE): High-Speed Mobile Broadband
3G: The Dawn of Mobile Internet 4G, particularly LTE (Long-Term Evolution), brought a
Launched in the early 2000s, 3G introduced mobile significant leap in speed (100 Mbps to 1 Gbps) and
internet access and multimedia messaging. It offered became fully IP-based. It enabled high-definition video
speeds up to 2 Mbps, operating mainly in the 1-3 GHz streaming and operates primarily in the 2-8 GHz range.
frequency range.
5G Capabilities
5G: The Future of Connectivity Beyond speed, 5G supports massive IoT deployments
Introduced in 2019, 5G offers revolutionary peak speeds (connecting millions of devices), ultra-reliable low-
of up to 20 Gbps and ultra-low latency as low as 1 ms. It latency communications (URLLC) for critical
utilizes a broad spectrum of frequencies, from low-band applications like autonomous vehicles, and enhanced
(600 MHz) for wide coverage to high-band mmWave (up mobile broadband (eMBB) for immersive AR/VR
to 60 GHz) for extreme speeds. experiences.
Key Differences: Wi-Fi vs. Bluetooth vs. Cellular
Wi-Fi High bandwidth, medium range Home/office internet, device-to-
(~100m), local area network device communication within a
(LAN), uses unlicensed spectrum building.
(2.4, 5, 6 GHz).
Bluetooth Very short range (~10m), low Connecting peripherals
power, personal area network (headphones, keyboards), smart
(PAN), peer-to-peer or mesh, uses home sensors, wearables.
2.4 GHz ISM band.
Cellular (3G/4G/5G) Wide area coverage, high mobility, Mobile phone communication,
licensed spectrum, complex connected vehicles, remote IoT
infrastructure. applications.
Each technology is optimized for specific scenarios, offering a diverse toolkit for modern connectivity solutions.
Wireless vs. Wired Networks
Wired Networks (Ethernet) Wireless Networks
• Stability & Speed: Offers highly stable, consistent, and • Flexibility & Mobility: Provides unparalleled flexibility and
generally faster speeds with lower latency, ideal for mobility, allowing devices to connect from anywhere
demanding applications. within range.
• Security: Often considered more secure as physical access • Deployment: Easier and faster to deploy, reducing the need
is required for connection. for extensive cabling infrastructure.
• Limitations: Susceptible to interference, range limitations,
• Limitations: Lacks mobility due to reliance on physical and potential security vulnerabilities if not properly
cables, and deployment can be cumbersome and costly. configured. Latency can be higher than wired connections.
Use Cases and Applications
Wi-Fi: Ubiquitous Connectivity Bluetooth: Personal Cellular: Global Mobility
Connections Drives mobile phones, connected cars,
Powers home and office internet,
enabling streaming, online gaming, Connects personal devices like remote IoT devices, and public safety
and large-scale enterprise networks. headphones, fitness trackers, and networks, providing connectivity
Crucial for public hotspots. smart home sensors. Essential for across vast geographic areas.
short-range data transfer and audio.
Future Trends in Wireless Networks
Wi-Fi 7 Adoption 5G Expansion
Expect widespread adoption of Wi-Fi 7 Continued global expansion of 5G
for ultra-high-speed local networks, infrastructure will enable advanced
supporting demanding applications in smart cities, autonomous vehicles, and
homes and businesses. immersive AR/VR experiences.
Seamless Integration
Enhanced Security
Growing convergence and integration
Ongoing advancements in wireless
of various wireless technologies to
security protocols and practices to
provide a seamless, intelligent
protect data and privacy in increasingly
connectivity experience for users across
interconnected networks.
devices and environments.
Conclusion: Why Wireless and Mobile Networks
Matter
Wireless and mobile networks are not just technologies; they are the invisible threads that weave together our
modern digital tapestry, enabling lifestyles and innovations that were once unimaginable.
These technologies are crucial for current and future digital lifestyles and business innovations. Each is optimized for
specific range, speed, and power requirements, ensuring a diverse and adaptable connectivity ecosystem. Wireless
networks complement wired infrastructure, enhancing mobility and accessibility. The ongoing evolution promises faster,
more reliable, and secure connections, continually expanding the possibilities of a hyper-connected world.
