MATLAB SIMULATION EXERCISE
1. For the circuit shown below, find the nodal voltages 𝑉1, 𝑉2 and 𝑉3 hence write the matlab
program to solve
2. Find the nodal voltages of the circuit shown below. Hence write the matlab program to
solve
3. Use the mesh analysis to find the current flowing through the resistor 𝑅𝐵 . In addition,
find the power supplied by the 10-volt voltage source. Write the MATLAB program for
solving the loop currents 𝐼1 , 𝐼2 and 𝐼3 the current I and the power supplied by the 10-volt
source is
4. In the figure below, as RL varies from 0 to 50KΩ, plot the power dissipated by the load.
Verify that the maximum power dissipation by the load occurs when RL is 10 KΩ.
simulate using mat lab
5. Use nodal analysis to solve for the nodal voltages for the circuit shown in Figure below .
Solve the equations using MATLAB.
6. In the two figure below, illustrate the use of MATLAB for solving problems related to
RC Network.
Fig a
Fig b
a) Assume that for Figure b C = 10 μF, use MATLAB to plot the voltage across the
capacitor if R is equal to (a) 1.0 kΩ, (b) 10 kΩand (c) 0.1 kΩ.
b) For Figure b, the input voltage is a rectangular pulse with an amplitude of 5V and a width
of 0.5s. If C = 10 µF, plot the output voltage, 𝑉𝑜 (t), for resistance R equal to (a)
1000Ωand (b) 10,000 Ω. The plots should start from zero seconds and end at 1.5 seconds.
STEADY STATE AC POWER
7. For Figure below, if v(t) = 10cos(120πt + 300 ) and i(t) = 6cos(120πt + 600 ) . Determine
the average power, rms value of v(t) and the power factor using (a) analytical solution
and (b) numerical solution.
8. In Figure below, if R1 = 20 Ω, R2 = 100Ω, R3 = 50 Ω, and L1 = 4 H, L2 = 8 H and C1 =
250µF, find 𝑉3(t), when w = 10 rad/s. RLC Circuit with Sinusoidal Excitation in
Frequency Domain Equivalent. Use of MATLAB for solving one phase circuits.
9. For the circuit shown in Figure below, find the current 𝐼1 (t), and the voltage 𝑉𝐶 (t), Use of
MATLAB for solving.
10. For the RLC circuit shown in Figure below,
a). show that the transfer function is
b). If L = 5 H, C = 1.12 µF, and R = 10000 Ω, plot the frequency response.
c). What happens when R = 100 Ω, but L and remain unchanged?
Parts (b) and (c ) are solved using MATLAB.
. SIMULATION OF DC CIRCUIT
AIM: To obtain the node voltages, branch currents, power of all voltage sources of a given DC
circuit by using PSPICE programming.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No Name Of The Equipment Quantity
1 PC 1 NO
2 PSPICE software 1 NO
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
THEORY:
PSPICE is a general-purpose circuit program that simulates electronic circuits. PSPICE
can perform various types of analysis of electronic circuits, the operating points of transistors,
time domain response, small signal frequency response, etc…
PSPICE contains models for common circuit elements, active as well as passive, and it is
capable of simulating most electronic circuits. It is a versatile program and is widely used in
industries and universities.
The acronym PSPICE stands for Personal Simulation Program with Integrated
Circuit Emphasis.
Until recently, PSPICE was available only on mainframe computers. In addition to the initial cost
of the computer system, such a machine can be unwieldy and inconvenient for class room use. In
1984, MICROSIM introduced the PSPICE simulator, which is similar to Berkeley PSPICE and
runs on an IBM-PC or compatible. It was available at no cost to students for classroom use.
PSPICE, therefore widened the scope of the integrated computer aided circuit analysis into
electronic circuit courses at the under graduate level. Other versions of PSPICE that will run on
computers such as the Macintosh-II, VAX, SUN, and NEC are also available.
PSPICE allows the various types of analysis as follows:
1. DC Analysis:- Calculation of node voltages and branch currents and their quiescent values
are the outputs.
Eg:- DC sweep voltage (.DC),
Small-Signal transfer function (Thevenin’s equivalent) (.TF)
DC Small-Signal sensitivities (.SENS)
2. Transient Analysis:- Responses of time-invariant systems, DC transient analysis and Fourier
analysis
Eg:- Transient responses (.TRAN)
Fourier Analysis (.FOUR)
3. AC Analysis:- (.AC) & (.NOISE) etc.
PSPICE PROGRAM :-
VS10DC20V : DC Voltage source of 20V between 1& 0 nodes
IS 0 4 DC 50mA : DC Current source of 50mA between 4 & 0 nodes
R1 12 500 : Resistance of 500ohms between 1 & 2 nodes
R2 25 800 : Resistance of 800ohms between 5 & 2 nodes
R3 2 3 1000 : Resistance of 1000ohms between 2 & 3 nodes
R4 40 200 : Resistance of 200ohms between 4 & 0 nodes
VX30DC0V : DC Voltage source of 0V between 3& 0 nodes
VY54DC10V : DC Voltage source of 10V between 5& 4 nodes
.OP : Directs the bias point to the output file.
.END : End of the program.
PROCEDURE:
1. Open PSPICE A/D windows
2. Create a new circuit file
3. Enter the program representing the nodal interconnections of various components
4. Run the program
5. Observe the response through all the elements in the output file
6. Observe the required outputs (Graphs) in output window.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. How simulation can be used for network analysis?
2. Define network and circuit?
3. What is the difference between unilateral and bilateral network?
4. What is the difference between active elements and passive elements?
SIMULATION OF MESH ANALYSIS
AIM: To find the voltage across each resistor, branch currents of a given circuit using mesh
analysis by PSPICE Software..
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No Name Of The Equipment Quantity
1 PC 1 NO
2 PSPICE software 1 NO
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
THEORY:
PSPICE is a general-purpose circuit program that simulates electronic circuits. PSPICE
can perform various types of analysis of electronic circuits, the operating points of transistors,
time domain response, small signal frequency response, etc…
PSPICE contains models for common circuit elements, active as well as passive, and it is
capable of simulating most electronic circuits. It is a versatile program and is widely used in
industries and universities.
The acronym PSPICE stands for Personal Simulation Program with Integrated
Circuit Emphasis.
Until recently, PSPICE was available only on mainframe computers. In addition to the initial cost
of the computer system, such a machine can be unwieldy and inconvenient for class room use. In
1984, MICROSIM introduced the PSPICE simulator, which is similar to Berkeley PSPICE and
runs on an IBM-PC or compatible. It was available at no cost to students for classroom use.
PSPICE, therefore widened the scope of the integrated computer aided circuit analysis into
electronic circuit courses at the under graduate level. Other versions of PSPICE that will run on
computers such as the Macintosh-II, VAX, SUN, and NEC are also available.
PSPICE allows the various types of analysis as follows:
1. DC Analysis:- Calculation of node voltages and branch currents and their
quiescent values are the outputs.
Eg:- DC sweep voltage (.DC),
Small-Signal transfer function (Thevenin‟s equivalent) (.TF)
DC Small-Signal sensitivities (.SENS)
2. Transient Analysis:- Responses of time-invariant systems, DC transient
analysis and Fourier analysis
Eg:- Transient responses (.TRAN)
Fourier Analysis (.FOUR)
3. AC Analysis:- (.AC) & (.NOISE) etc.
PSPICE PROGRAM :-
V110DC50V : DC Voltage source of 50V between 1& 0 nodes
V270DC10V : DC Voltage source of 10V between 7& 0 nodes
V3 4 5DC 5V : DC Voltage source of 5V between 4& 5 nodes
V4 2 3DC 20V : DC Voltage source of 20V between 2& 3 nodes
V5 6 0DC 2V : DC Voltage source of 2V between 6& 0 nodes
Is 5 0 50mA : DC Current source of 50mA between 5& 0 nodes
R1 3 7 1k : Resistance of 1000ohms between 3 & 7 nodes
R2 5 6 200 : Resistance of 200ohms between 5 & 6 nodes
R3 3 4 800 : Resistance of 800ohms between 3 & 4 nodes
R4 1 2 50 : Resistance of 50ohms between 1 & 2 nodes
.OP : Directs the bias point to the output file.
.END : End of the program.
PROCEDURE:
1. Open PSPICE A/D windows
2. Create a new circuit file
3. Enter the program representing the nodal interconnections of various
components
4. Run the program
5. Observe the response through all the elements in the output file
6. Observe the required outputs(Graphs) in output window.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Define Kirchhoff‟s Voltage law?
2. For which type of circuits Mesh Analysis can be used ?
3. What is the difference between planar and non-planar?
4. When there is a current source between two loops which method is preferred?
5. Kirchhoff‟s laws can not applied at ?
SIMULATION OF NODAL ANALYSIS
AIM: To find the node voltages, branch currents of a given circuit using nodal analysis by
PSPICE Software.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No Name Of The Equipment Quantity
1 PC 1 NO
2 PSPICE software 1 NO
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
THEORY:
PSPICE is a general-purpose circuit program that simulates electronic circuits. PSPICE
can perform various types of analysis of electronic circuits, the operating points of transistors,
time domain response, small signal frequency response, etc…
PSPICE contains models for common circuit elements, active as well as passive, and it is
capable of simulating most electronic circuits. It is a versatile program and is widely used in
industries and universities.
The acronym PSPICE stands for Personal Simulation Program with Integrated
Circuit Emphasis.
Until recently, PSPICE was available only on mainframe computers. In addition to the initial cost
of the computer system, such a machine can be unwieldy and inconvenient for class room use. In
1984, MICROSIM introduced the PSPICE simulator, which is similar to Berkeley PSPICE and
runs on an IBM-PC or compatible. It was available at no cost to students for classroom use.
PSPICE, therefore widened the scope of the integrated computer aided circuit analysis into
electronic circuit courses at the under graduate level. Other versions of PSPICE that will run on
computers such as the Macintosh-II, VAX, SUN, and NEC are also available.
PSPICE allows the various types of analysis as follows:
1. DC Analysis:- Calculation of node voltages and branch currents and their quiescent values
are the outputs.
Eg:- DC sweep voltage (.DC),
Small-Signal transfer function (Thevenin‟s equivalent) (.TF)
DC Small-Signal sensitivities (.SENS)
2. Transient Analysis:- Responses of time-invariant systems, DC transient analysis and Fourier
analysis
Eg:- Transient responses (.TRAN)
Fourier Analysis (.FOUR)
3. AC Analysis:- (.AC) & (.NOISE) etc.
PSPICE PROGRAM :-
V110DC30V : DC Voltage source of 30V between 1& 0 nodes
V240DC10V : DC Voltage source of 10V between 4& 0 nodes
R1 1 2 1000 : Resistance of 1000ohms between 1 & 2 nodes
R2 2 3 4000 : Resistance of 800ohms between 5 & 2 nodes
R3 3 4 6000 : Resistance of 6000ohms between 2 & 3 nodes
R4 2 0 2000 : Resistance of 200ohms between 4 & 0 nodes
R5 3 0 8000 : Resistance of 200ohms between 3 & 0 nodes
.OP : Directs the bias point to the output file.
.END : End of the program.
PROCEDURE:
1. Open PSPICE A/D windows
2. Create a new circuit file
3. Enter the program representing the nodal interconnections of various components
4. Run the program
5. Observe the response through all the elements in the output file
6. Observe the required outputs(Graphs) in output window.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Define Kirchhoff‟s Current law?
2. For which type of circuits Nodal Analysis can be used?
3. How many nodes are taken as reference nodes in a nodal analysis?
4. When there is only voltage source between two nodes which method is preferred?
SIMULATION OF DC TRANSIENT RESPONSE
I. SERIES RC CIRCUIT
AIM: To obtain the simulation result of a given series RC circuit with different inputs using
PSPICE programming.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No Name Of The Equipment Quantity
1 PC 1 NO
2 PSPICE software 1 NO
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
THEORY:
PSPICE is a general-purpose circuit program that simulates electronic circuits. PSPICE
can perform various types of analysis of electronic circuits, the operating points of transistors,
time domain response, small signal frequency response, etc…
PSPICE contains models for common circuit elements, active as well as passive, and it is
capable of simulating most electronic circuits. It is a versatile program and is widely used in
industries and universities.
The acronym PSPICE stands for Personal Simulation Program with Integrated
Circuit Emphasis.
Until recently, PSPICE was available only on mainframe computers. In addition to the initial cost
of the computer system, such a machine can be unwieldy and inconvenient for class room use. In
1984, MICROSIM introduced the PSPICE simulator, which is similar to Berkeley PSPICE and
runs on an IBM-PC or compatible. It was available at no cost to students for classroom use.
PSPICE, therefore widened the scope of the integrated computer aided circuit analysis into
electronic circuit courses at the under graduate level. Other versions of PSPICE that will run on
computers such as the Macintosh-II, VAX, SUN, and NEC are also available.
PSPICE allows the various types of analysis as follows:
1. DC Analysis:- Calculation of node voltages and branch currents and their quiescent values
are the outputs.
Eg:- DC sweep voltage (.DC),
Small-Signal transfer function (Thevenin’s equivalent) (.TF)
DC Small-Signal sensitivities (.SENS)
2. Transient Analysis:- Responses of time-invariant systems, DC transient analysis and Fourier
analysis
Eg:- Transient responses (.TRAN)
Fourier Analysis (.FOUR)
3. AC Analysis:- (.AC) & (.NOISE) etc.
PSPICE PROGRAM:
a) Pulse Input:-
VS 1 0 pulse (-5 5 IN IN 1M 2M) : Pulse input with specifications
R122 : Resistance of 2ohms between 1 & 2 points
C2010U : Capacitance of 10 micro-F between 2 & 0 points
.TRAN IN 4M : Transient response of RC circuit
.PROBE : Representation in graphs
.END : End of the program
b) Step Input:-
VS 1 0 PWL(0 0 100N 1) : Step input with specifications
R122 : Resistance of 2ohms between 1 & 2 points
C 2 0 10U : Capacitance of 10micro-F between 2 & 0 points
.TRAN IN 4M : Transient response of RC circuit
.PROBE : Representation in graphs
.End : End of the program
c)Sinusoidal Input:-
VS 1 0 SIN(0 10 1K) : Sinusoidal input with specifications
R122 : Resistance of 2 ohms between 1 & 2 points
C 2 0 10U : Capacitance of 10 micro-F between 2 & 0 points
.TRAN IN 4M : Transient response of RC circuit
.END : End of the program
d) Exponential Input:-
VS 1 0 EXP(0.5 1 0.1N 1 1.5N) : Exponential input with specifications
R122 : Resistance of 2ohms between 1 & 2 points
C 3 0 50U : Capacitance of 10 micro-F between 2 & 0 points
TRAN IN 4M : Transient response of RC circuit
.PROBE : Representation in graphs
.END : End of the program
PROCEDURE:
1. Open PSPICE A/D windows
2. Create a new circuit file
3. Enter the program representing the nodal interconnections of various components
4. Run the program
5. Observe the response through all the elements in the output file
6. Observe the required outputs(Graphs) in output window.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Define transient state response?
2. What are the methods of analysis in DC transients?
3. A square wave is fed to an RC circuit then output voltage across resistance is?
4. A square wave is fed to an RC circuit then output voltage across capacitance is?
5. In a series RC circuit at steady state capacitor C acts as?
SIMULATION OF DC TRANSIENT RESPONSE
II. SERIES RL CIRCUIT
AIM: To obtain the simulation result of a given series RL circuit with different inputs using
PSPICE programming.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No Name Of The Equipment Quantity
1 PC 1 NO
2 PSPICE software 1 NO
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
THEORY:
PSPICE is a general-purpose circuit program that simulates electronic circuits. PSPICE
can perform various types of analysis of electronic circuits, the operating points of transistors,
time domain response, small signal frequency response, etc…
PSPICE contains models for common circuit elements, active as well as passive, and it is
capable of simulating most electronic circuits. It is a versatile program and is widely used in
industries and universities.
The acronym PSPICE stands for Personal Simulation Program with Integrated
Circuit Emphasis.
Until recently, PSPICE was available only on mainframe computers. In addition to the initial cost
of the computer system, such a machine can be unwieldy and inconvenient for class room use. In
1984, MICROSIM introduced the PSPICE simulator, which is similar to Berkeley PSPICE and
runs on an IBM-PC or compatible. It was available at no cost to students for classroom use.
PSPICE, therefore widened the scope of the integrated computer aided circuit analysis into
electronic circuit courses at the under graduate level. Other versions of PSPICE that will run on
computers such as the Macintosh-II, VAX, SUN, and NEC are also available.
PSPICE allows the various types of analysis as follows:
1. DC Analysis:- Calculation of node voltages and branch currents and their quiescent values
are the outputs.
Eg:- DC sweep voltage (.DC),
Small-Signal transfer function (Thevenin’s equivalent) (.TF)
DC Small-Signal sensitivities (.SENS)
2. Transient Analysis:- Responses of time-invariant systems, DC transient analysis and Fourier
analysis
Eg:- Transient responses (.TRAN)
Fourier Analysis (.FOUR)
3. AC Analysis:- (.AC) & (.NOISE) etc.
PSPICE PROGRAM:
a) Pulse Input:-
VS 1 0 pulse (-5 5 IN IN 1M 2M) : Pulse input with specifications
R122 : Resistance of 2ohms between 1 & 2 points
L2050U : Inductance of 50 micro-F between 2 & 0 points
.TRAN IN 4M : Transient response of RL circuit
.PROBE : Representation in graphs
.END : End of the program
b) Step Input:-
VS 1 0 PWL(0 0 100N 1) : Step input with specifications
R122 : Resistance of 2ohms between 1 & 2 points
L2050U : Inductance of 50 micro-F between 2 & 0 points
.TRAN IN 4M : Transient response of RL circuit
.PROBE : Representation in graphs
.End : End of the program
c) Sinusoidal Input:-
VS 1 0 SIN(0 10 1K) : Sinusoidal input with specifications
R122 : Resistance of 2 ohms between 1 & 2 points
L 2 0 50U : Inductance of 50 micro-F between 2 & 0 points
.TRAN IN 4M : Transient response of RL circuit
.END : End of the program
d) Exponential Input:-
VS 1 0 EXP(0.5 1 0.1N 1 1.5N) : Exponential input with specifications
R122 : Resistance of 2ohms between 1 & 2 points
L 2 0 50U : Inductance of 50 micro-F between 2 & 0 points
.TRAN IN 4M : Transient response of RL circuit
.PROBE : Representation in graphs
.END : End of the program
PROCEDURE:
1. Open PSPICE A/D windows
2. Create a new circuit file
3. Enter the program representing the nodal interconnections of various components
4. Run the program
5. Observe the response through all the elements in the output file
6. Observe the required outputs (Graphs) in output window.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Define steady state response?
2. In a series RL circuit at steady state inductor L acts as?
3. In a series RL circuit at t=0+inductor L acts as?
4. A square wave is fed to an RL circuit then output voltage across inductance is?
THEVININ'S THEOREM
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT: - To verify Thevenin’s theorem
and calculate Thevenin’s equivalent of the given circuit.
5.
EQUIPMENT
6. REQUIRED: -
7. Software Multisim – 14.1
II
8. Components: -
9. Resistors – 330 Ω,500Ω, 680Ω,270Ω
a)
10. DC power source – 10 V
b)
III. Instruments – Multimeter
THEORY: -
Any linear active two terminal networks consisting of voltage and current
source with some resistances. It can be replaced by an equivalent
Thevenin’s voltage source or voltage source having its value is equal to the
Thevenin’s equivalent voltage with a series resistor which is known as
Thevenin’s resistance.
The equivalent voltage source is represented by Vth and equivalent resistance
is represented by Rth.To find the Thevenin’s equivalent voltage, first we
have to open the circuit load terminals. The open circuited voltage VAB is
the required. Thevenin’s voltage we charge again equal to the voltage
across the point P and Q.
So,VPQ = VAB = Vth
11.
PROCEDURE: -
i.
12. Start → Electronics workbench → Multisim-14.1
ii. Select the component from place → Component library according to
given
13. circuit.
iii.
14. Connect the multimeter.
iv.
15. Make the connections as per circuit diagram.
v.
16. Stimulate → Run.
vi.
17. Double click on the multimeter.
vii. See the output results.
CALCULATION: -
STEP-1
First draw the given circuit and measure the flow of current through it
