1
ASSIGNMENT
LEVEL - I
1. Show that n n 1.3,......, ( 2n − 1)
2. Find the minimum value of 2x + y subject to the condition xy = 8, x and y R+
3. Let a, b, c be real numbers with 0 < a < 1,0 < b < 1, 0 < c < 1 and a + b + c = 2
a b c
Prove that . . 8
1− a 1− b 1− c
1
4. If a, b, c are three numbers >0, Such that a + b + c = 1 prove that ab + bc + ca
3
1 1 1
5. If a, b, c are positive and a + b + c = 1. Show that + + 9
a b c
6. If a, b, c, d are +ve, prove that a5 + b5 + c5 + d5 ≥ abcd (a + b + c +d)
2
7. Given that x2 + y2 + z2 = 8, prove that x3 + y3 + z3 ≥ 16
3
8. If w3 + x3 + y3 + z3 = 10, show that w4 + x4 + y4 +z4 ≥ 3
2500
9. If a, b and c are the sides of a triangle and a + b + c = 2, then prove that a2 + b2 + c2 +c2 + 2abc < 2
1 1 1 1
10. For n N, n > 1, show that + + + ... + 2 1
n n +1 n + 2 n
LEVEL - II
11. If a, b, c are all positive and no two of them are equal, then prove that
(a + b + c)
3
(a) a + b + c
3 3 3
3abc (b) a 4 + b4 + c4 abc ( a + b + c )
9
12. Show that for a triangle with radii of circumcircle and incircle equal to R and r respectively, the
inequality R ≥ 2r holds
2
3 a b c
13. In ABC, show that + + 2
2 b+c c+a a +b
If c1,……, cn be positive real numbers, show that ( c1 + .... + c n ) n 2 ( c13 + .... + c3n ) When does the
3
14.
inequality reduce to equality ?
1 1
Show that 1 + + ... / n ( 2n − 1)
1/4
15.
2 n
3
Video Solutions Links
1 https://youtu.be/WgnAwD4t_X4
2 https://youtu.be/SFg3Hl5pcSY
3 https://youtu.be/zOSsOVocmlU
4 https://youtu.be/gwPFmP2BIBM
5 https://youtu.be/JvvCiBUvft0
6 https://youtu.be/DKI-qIRtrhU
7 https://youtu.be/-TrS6VEICtE
8 https://youtu.be/E0mn81YqD1g
9 https://youtu.be/gkUB3ilqmPk
10 https://youtu.be/QjrJEGwLoGE
11 https://youtu.be/MSOyWTivifU
12 https://youtu.be/eNY8k_GdMh0
13 https://youtu.be/bopY_NOTmrM
14 https://youtu.be/hmFIz3zZtlk
15 https://youtu.be/ToBQ5LAkyYY
Solutions
LEVEL - I
1. https://youtu.be/WgnAwD4t_X4 Show that n n 1.3,......, ( 2n − 1)
Sol. Consider the numbers 1,3,5 … (2n-1)
1 + 3 + 5 + ... + ( 2n − 1) n
1.3.5.... ( 2n − 1)
n
n
2 + 2n − 2
2 n 1.3.5.... ( 2n − 1)
n
(n) 1.3.5..... ( 2n − 1)
n
2. https://youtu.be/SFg3Hl5pcSY Find the minimum value of 2x + y subject to the condition xy = 8, x
and y R+
Sol. Applying A.M. – G.M. inequality
2x + y
2x, y
2
4
2x + y
2.8
2
2x + y
4
2
2x + y 8
Minimum value of 2x + y = 8
3. https://youtu.be/zOSsOVocmlU Let a, b, c be real numbers with 0 < a < 1,0 < b < 1, 0 < c < 1 and a
+b+c=2
a b c
Prove that . . 8
1− a 1− b 1− c
Sol. If x, y, z are positive, then
x + y 2 xy, y + z 2 yz, z + x 2 zx
( x + y )( y + z )( z + x ) 8xyz
Thus, 8 (1 − a )(1 − b )(1 − c ) (1 − a + 1 − b )(1 − b + 1 − c )(1 − c + a − a )
8 (1 − a )(1 − b )(1 − c ) ( 2 − a − b )( 2 − b − c )( 2 − c − a ) cab
a b c
. . 8
1− a 1− b 1− c
4. https://youtu.be/gwPFmP2BIBM If a, b, c are three numbers >0, Such that a + b + c = 1 prove that
1
ab + bc + ca
3
a 2 + b 2 2ab
Sol. Now b 2 + c 2 2bc
c2 + a 2 2ca
a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ab + bc + ca
( a + b + c ) − 2 ( ab + bc + ca ) ab + bc + ca
2
i.e., 1 3 ( ab + bc + ca )
1
ab + bc + ca
3
1 1 1
5. https://youtu.be/JvvCiBUvft0 If a, b, c are positive and a + b + c = 1. Show that + + 9
a b c
Sol. On dividing by (a + b + c) successively by a,b,c we get
b c 1
1+ + = …(i)
a a a
5
a c 1
+1+ = …(ii)
b b b
a b 1
+ +1 = …(iii)
c c c
1 1 1 a b b c a c
Adding + + = 3+ + + + + +
a b c b a c b c a
3+ 2 + 2 + 2 9
6. https://youtu.be/DKI-qIRtrhU If a, b, c, d are +ve, prove that a5 + b5 + c5 + d5 ≥ abcd (a + b + c +d)
Sol. We choose two sets (a4, b4, c4, d4) and (a, b, c, d)
Applying TchebyChef’s inequality inequality
4 ( a 5 + b 5 + c5 + d 5 ) ( a 4 + b 4 + c 4 + d 4 ) ( a + b + c + d )
Applying A.M. – G.M. inequality to a4,b4,c4,d4
a 4 + b4 + c4 + d 4 4abcd
a 5 + b5 + c5 + d5 abcd ( a + b + c + d )
2
7. https://youtu.be/-TrS6VEICtE Given that x2 + y2 + z2 = 8, prove that x3 + y3 + z3 ≥ 16
3
Sol. Applying Cauchy Schwarz – inequality
Let x 3/2 , y3/2 , z 3/2 and x1/2 , y1/2 , z 1/2
We have ( x 2 + y2 + z 2 ) ( x 3 + y3 + z3 ) ( x + y + z )
2
Again x + y + z = x 1 + y 1 + z 1
(x + y + z) ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 )(12 + 12 + 12 )
2
So
( x + y + z) 3 8
(x + y2 + z 2 )
2 2
And hence (x 3
+y +z 3 3
)
( x + y + z)
=
64
3. 8
64 2
x 3 + y3 + z 3 .
4 3
2
x 3 + y3 + z3 16
3
8. https://youtu.be/E0mn81YqD1g If w3 + x3 + y3 + z3 = 10, show that w4 + x4 + y4 +z4 ≥ 3
2500
Sol. Apply Cauchy- Schwarz inequality of w2, x2, y2 , z2 and w, x, y, z we get
(w + x 3 + y3 + z3 ) ( w 4 + x 4 + y4 + z 4 )( w 2 + x 2 + y2 + z 2 )
2
3
…(i)
Again applying Cauchy-Schwarz inequality with w2, x2, y2, z2 and 1,1,1,1, we get
6
(w + x 2 + y2 + z 2 ) 4 ( w 4 + x 4 + y4 + z 4 )
2 2
1
( w 2 + x 2 + y2 + z2 ) 2 ( w 4 + x 4 + y 4 + z4 ) 2 …(2)
3
( w 3 + x 3 + y3 + z 3 ) 2 ( w 4 + x 4 + y 4 + z 4 ) 2 by Eq (1)
2
w4 + x4 + y4 +z4 ≥ 3
2500
9. If a, b and c are the sides of a triangle and a + b + c = 2, then prove that a2 + b2 + c2 +c2 + 2abc < 2
Sol. We know a + b + c = 2 and squaring, we get
4 = (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2 (ab +bc + ca)
a 2 + b2 + c2 = 2 ( ab − bc − ca )
Adding 2abc to both sides, we get
a 2 + b2 + c2 + 2abc = 2 ( 2 − ab − bc − ca + abc )
To prove a2 + b2 + c2 + 2abc < 2, it is enough to prove that
2 ( 2 − ab − bc − ca + abc ) 2
Or 2 + abc − ab − bc − ca 1
Or ab + bc + ca − abc − 1 0
∵ a + b +c = 2s = 2 s = 1
(1 − a)(1 − b)(1 − c) = 1 − (a + b+ c) + ( ab+ bc+ ca ) − abc
0 (s− a)(s− b)(s− c) = 1 − 2 + ( ab+ bc+ ca ) − abc
⇒ ab + bc + ca − abc − 1 0
1 1 1 1
10. For n N, n > 1, show that + + + ... + 2 1
n n +1 n + 2 n
Sol. We have
1 1 1 1
+ + + .. + 2
1 1 1 1 n n 2 n 2 n
+ + + .. + 2
n n +1 n + 2 n ( n − n ) terms
2
( n −n ) terms
2
1 1 (n − n) 1
2
1 1 1 1
+ + + ... + 2 + = +1− = 1
n n +1 n + 2 n n n 2
n n
LEVEL - II
11. If a, b, c are all positive and no two of them are equal, then prove that
(a + b + c)
3
(a) a + b + c
3 3 3
3abc (b) a 4 + b4 + c4 abc ( a + b + c )
9
7
Sol. (a) without any loss of generality we may assume that a < b < c. By applying the generalized
Tcheby Chef’s inequality to three sets numbers each of which is the same a, b, c we obtain
a 3 + b 3 + c3 a + b + c a + b + c a + b + c
3 3 3 3
(a + b + c)
3
i.e. a + b + c
3 3 3
……..(i)
9
Again, Since the arithmetic mean exceeds the geometric mean
a +b+c
3
abc …(ii)
3
(a + b + c)
3
i.e., 3abc …..(a)
9
(b) As in (a), without any loss of generality we may assume that a < b < c. Since a < b < c, therefore,
a3 < b3 < c3. Applying Tcheby Che’s inequity to the sets of number a, b, c, a2, b3, c3, we obtain
a 4 + b 4 + b 4 a 3 + b 3 + c3 a + b + c
. …(iii)
3 3 3
a 3 + b 3 + c3
Also, from (a) abc …(iv)
3
From (iii) and (iv) , we have a 4 + b4 + c4 abc ( a + b + c )
12. https://youtu.be/eNY8k_GdMh0 Show that for a triangle with radii of circumcircle and incircle equal
to R and r respectively, the inequality R ≥ 2r holds
abc
Sol. R= adn r =
4 s
R abcs abcs
= =
r 4 2
4s ( s − a )( s − b )( s − c )
2abc
= ... (i)
( b + c + a )( c + a − b )( a + b − c )
Now, applying A.M. G.M. inequality
(b + c − a ) + (c + a − b) b + c − a c + a − b
( )( )
2
i.e. c ( b + c − a )( c + a − b ) … (2)
Similarly, b ( c + b − a )( a + b − c ) … (3)
a ( c + a − b )( a + b − c ) ... (4)
abc ( b + c − a )( c + a − b )( a + b − c ) ... (5)
abc
1 … (6)
( b + c − a )( c + a − b )( a + b − c )
8
2abc
2 … (7)
( b + c − a )( c + a − b )( c + b − c )
R
i.e. 2 or R 2r … (8)
r
3 a b c
13. https://youtu.be/bopY_NOTmrM In ABC, show that + + 2
2 b+c c+a a +b
( a + b )( b + c )( c + a )
( a − b )( b + c )( c + a )
1/3
Sol Now ... (i)
3
1 1 1
+ + 1/3
a + b b + c c + a 1 1 1
... (ii)
3 a − b b + c c + a
1 1 1 9
Multiplying L.H.S ( a + b + c ) + + … (iii)
a +b b−c c−a 2
a b c 9 3
i.e. + + −3 = … (iv)
b+c c+a a +b 2 2
Also b + c a
a a +a
b+c a +b+c
a 2a
i..e,
b+c a +b+c
a b c 2 (a + b + c)
+ + =2
b+c c+a a +b a+b+c
3 a b c
Thus + + 2
2 b+c c+a a +b
Equality occurs when a = b = c
14. https://youtu.be/hmFIz3zZtlk If c1,……, cn be positive real numbers, show that
( c1 + .... + cn ) n 2 ( c13 + .... + c3n ) When does the inequality reduce to equality ?
3
Sol If a1,…..an , b1,…..bn, be real numbers, then by Cauchy Schwarz inequality,
( a1b1 + ... + a n b n ) ( a12 + ... + a n2 )( b12 + .... + b n2 )
2
…. (1)
i , ( i = 1, 2,......., n ) in the above inequity, we have
Putting a i = Ci3/2 , bi = c1/2
(c + .... + c2n ) ( c13 + ... + c3n ) ( c1 + ... + cn )
2
2
1 …. (2)
Again, putting ai = ci, bi = 1, (i = 1,2,…..,n) in (1), we have
( c1 + ... + cn ) n ( c12 + ... + c 2n )
2
.… (3)
Squaring both sides of (3) and using (2), we immediately have
9
( c1 + ... + cn ) n 2 ( c13 + .....c3n )
3
The above inequality reduces to an equality iff each of the inequalities (2) and (3) reduces to an
equality, i.e. iff
3/2
ci :.......: c.3/2 1/2 1/2
n :: c1 :....: c n ,
And c1 :.....: c n = 1:...:1
i.e., iff c1 = c2 …. = cn
1 1
https://youtu.be/ToBQ5LAkyYY Show that 1 + + ( − )
1/4
15.
... / n 2n 1
2 n
1 1 1 1
Sol Applying Tcheby Chef’s inequality to the sets of numbers 1, ,.... ;1, ,... , we obtain
2 n 2 n
2
1 1 1 1 1
1 + + ... + n 2 + 2 + ..... + 2
2 n 1 2 n
1 1
n 1 + + ... +
1.2 ( n − 1) n
1 1 1 1
= n 1 + 1 − + .... + − = n 1 + 1 −
2 n −1 n n
Taking positive square roots of both sides, we have
1 1
1 + + ... + ( 2n − 1) …(i)
2 n
Again, applying Tcheby Chef’s Inequality to the sets of numbers
1 1 1 1
1, ......., :1, ,....., , we have
2 n 2 n
2
1 1 1 1
1 + + ..... n 1 + + ... + …(ii)
2 n 2 n
2
1 1
From (i) and (ii), we have 1 + + n ( 2n − 1)
2 n
1 1
1 + + .... +
2 n
( 2n − 1)
1/4
Therefore
n
