Chapter4: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

4.4: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations

1) Exponential Equations:

An exponential equation is an equation containing a variable in an exponent.

A) Solving Exponential Equations by Expressing Each Side as a Power of the Same

If , then

Example1: Solve each exponential equation:

1) = 32 2) I- X
-
3

3 3
1
2x -

z =

2 2
/ &
=

1 X =
3 +x
S
-
-

2x -
1 =
5
t X
+

. !
3 + x

- 3
=
2
-

=
+ 3

X 3
X= Y
=

S .
S =
[3) S S .
=
[4]

3) 4) 5) √
X+ Y -

(x)
2 3(X+ 3) 4(X 1)
-

F =
S
C =
S2 2
/ 2
=

X+ y = - 2x
6
3 x + 9 4x -

Y
4 ↓
=
X + 2x
/
2
=
-

3X 2x b
k / Y
-
=
E X
-
-
=
- x
+6 6
Y +
-

x
q Y

=
-

+
2x= 10
+ 4
zz
X = 13 5
[5] x =

S S S .
S =
[13] S .
S =
.

B) Using Logarithms to Solve Exponential Equation:

1
 Chapter4: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
4.4: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations
·
Isolate the exponential equations

take either
Nolm and solve
·
L
a
log

to 2 decimels)
Example 2: Solve: round your
answer

= 3.91 2) -
= 1977 3)
3 5 + 2 2
+
91
log
3 X
isolate
=
.

3
25x
* -

2
5x
= 659 = 10478
0 .
592X

In 659 5X In 10478 = 5x -

3
30 593
=
S S =

!
.
.

2
Ex 26
5 .
=
9 .
= 5x -
3

5
+ 3
+ 3

=
2.26
X = 1 . 3 12
2

5
s . S =
[1 33 .

X = 2 45 ,

S S .
=
[2 453.

Lab
My way
5x - 3

e = 10476 + 2
3

25x
-

= 10478
5x-
In 10478
log 410 = X+ 2
//
In e =

3
/ In 10478
1 X + 2 +
3 =
.

5x -
3 =

2
-

2 +3
-

3
1 1 X 1m 10478 +
5x
. =
=

S S .
= [1 13 .

5 5

In 10478 + 3
X =

X = 2 45 .

2
 Chapter4: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
4.4: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations
C) Exponential Equation Quadratic in Form:

Example 3:Solve:
1) 2)
a= 1 b = 5 c = -
24

>
- mode -
5 -
3

(e
*
- 3)(e + 8)
↓
↓

e2" = 3 e =
-
8

13 2x (n( 2x
=
=
-

ject
2

X = 0 5 .

S S .
= 40 53 .

3) X

Extra) 52 5 -
-
6 = 0
1 b 1 c
= -
2
a = =

1c = - 6
a = 1 b =-

mode 5 3
0
(5" 3)(5*+ 2)
-
=
-

(3" + 2)(3x -

11 = 0

k t 5 = 35 =
-
2
E
3 =
-

2 3 =
1
log
3 =
X ④

log lo
=
X =
x=
0 .
7
-

[0 73
0
① reject because X =

S S =

.. . .

1 -
)

S .
S =
[03

3
Chapter4: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
4.4: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations

2) Logarithmic Equations:
A logarithmic equation is an equation containing a variable in a logarithmic expression.

Note:Logarithmic expressions are defined only for logarithms of positive

4
 4 I .
4 2 .

Exponential -
Logarithm
X

f(x) = b f(X) =
log S
-
·

b > b Fl b > o b +1

1-0 d) (0 2)
&
↳
Domain :
,
or IR fixed Domain: ,
could
change
Range (0 :
,
2) could
change
↳
Range) -
-, d) or I fixed

Asymptote 0
Asymptote y 0 X =
: = :

Examples :
Examples
s
· f(x) = 24 fix)=logX
natural f(x) In
log X
· f(x) = eX log ·
=

· f(x) = 104
f(x) loy
commenlog
logX*
· =

Equations
Exponential (1
. 4)
4 Logarithm
b"
.

log X or In X
a

-
- 1)
LogMN =

LogM +
Log
N
same base can't be the same 3- Terms

2)
Log LogM-Log N
mode + 5 3
for both base
>
-

sides
①Isolate by

logne
** In

log
16 ② take
2 =

t
onlog 3) Isolate
2
**
2 =
2 to exp form
change
 Chapter4: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
4.4: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations
Example 4: solve

1) (
· Isolate In in one
side
check : 5 In (2()) = 20

5 In(2x) = 20
-
20 = 20
-

5 5

In (2x 1 4
[E
=

·
change to exponential S S .
= or 27 . 33
↳ = 2x

2 2

X = z = 27 3 .

( ( check :

Log
M+ LogN =
LogMN -3
I
Trave · X=

4)
log)
1
og(
3 +
log(x 6) +
+ 6)(x+ y) = =
3 +
- =

to
·
change exp

3 1 =
11
(x + 6)(x + y) =

X -7 rejected
/
=
> is
3
-
24
-

yx + 6x +
=
+
x
y)
log(
7 1
lop) 6)
3 + =
3 7 +
- -

+
- -

* + 10x + 2) =
0

(x + 3)(x + 7) 0 Q
=
error

X=
-
3 X=
-
7

S S .
= 9 -

33

5
Chapter4: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
4.4: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations
I
-

Check
5)
:

3) 3
log(6
2) log(6
-
=

+
-

Log M-LogN =

Log
30

log
3 =

= 3

S S .
=
263

↑*
-

8x 40 (X + 2)
/
-
=

+ 40
+ 40

8x = x + 42

* x42x
-

= 6
4) Check :

log9
4) 2

4)
(5 + +

log(x
=

2
+
log
4 =
40
4)
log(x
+ =
2 + 2

4) 4
log(x [53
+ =

S S .
=

4
(x + 4)
3S
=

2 2
(3) =
(x + 4)

3 = x+ y

9 4
= X+
-
I
Y
-
Y
X = 5

6
Chapter4: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
4.4: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations

5)
& I

(x
2

log =
+25

* 15 =

X = 15

Check :

· X= - 5

2 log 5
- =
10g25
Y

reject Q S

· x= 5

2 log 5 =
log 25
g
25
10g5" =
log

S S
.
= [5]

6)

Log M-LogN =

Log Check :

log(5x)
log( 4) 10g2
=

/
-

logl 2
0 .
2 = 0 .
20

10x + 2 S S =
[ *)
X+ y
= .

- X
-
X

9x +
2
4 =
(
2
-

-
2

0 .
2

7
Chapter4: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
4.4: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations -
In(x-u)(X + 1) S
In (x =
-
8)
8
2 - Y X+ X -
YX -

y = X -

+8
x2 - yx + 4 +8

7) -
3x + u xX 2
= =

x -

Log
M+ LogN =
LogMN check :
-

((x -

4)(x + 1)
=
((x -

8)
(n(2 -
4)
x+ x -
yX - y =

X/ In)-2) reject Q
+ 8

X 3x + y = 0
. S
5 =
Eno solution 03
(x 2)(x 2) 0
,
=
- -

X =
2

Example 5:

+ 0
= A =
37 .
3200095(0 = 37 3
.

0095(H)

40
0
0095 +
.

5
-
0
A 4 2Ty
.

= =
- 1 07 e
.
=
.

reach
The
population will 40 million in 2017

8
Chapter4: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
4.4: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations

/
595logX
30
logX
P(x) = 95 -

-
95 45
-

so e

P(x) = 58
50
-
-
3

?
= log
X =
X

2 =
x) change to
expo

2 8
.
= X

9
Chapter4: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
4.4: Exponential and Logarithmic Equations

H.W

Xn
check

-
1 38
.
= -1 .
38 0
x+ x 3x 3
1y
(x -
2x -
= -
x + -

+ ly - 14
x + 5x x+ 11 [ +3
(
= 2x + s S .
=

2X
2x
-
-

x
+ 3x =

xy + 11
*
3x x+ 11
-x #x
x +
=

=
X = 3 .
6

Check
g(x + y) =
log4X
x+ y =
4X 0 7 070
I
.
=

X
X
-
-

= S S .
=

[1 3)
.

X = 1 .
3

10