Lesson 1: Intellectual Revolutions that Define Society
Identify which of these are contributions are coming from Copernicus,
Darwin and Freud. Write your answer under every picture.
Nicolaus Copernicus Charles Darwin
Sigmund Freud
Analysis
1. Does the contribution of Copernicus, Darwin, and Feud applies to the
21st century?
Answer:
Yes their contributions apply to the 21st century. Their ideas change the way we
think about the world and our place in it. Nicolaus Copernicus developed the
heliocentric model that change people think about the universe. Charles
Darwin developed an evolutionary theory that changes the way we think about
life on earth forever. His theory of evolution had a great impact on the world.
Today it is widely accepted as the best scientific explanation of how life on
earth works. Sigmund Freud developed the Psychoanalytic theory that focuses
on the role of a person’s unconscious, as well as early childhood experiences.
The Psychoanalytic theory is one of the top personality theories.
Reflection time.
The discoveries of the previous scientist are really changing the way people
think about the world and universe. Their ideas and concepts are changing
people’s perceptions about life on earth and the evolution/origin of humanity.
The ideas of the past scientist like Nicolaus Copernicus, on his theory
“heliocentric model” had a huge impact in the field of the science, and on the
people's perception of the universe in the past years/centuries. And also the
“Theory of evolution” by Charles Darwin change the way people think about
the origin of the human being and the life on earth.
Through the help of science and the previous scientist, the technology evolved
and became more advanced. As time passes by we humans discover things on
earth that will help our way of living immensely convenient.
Application
1. Review the history of science and make a timeline highlighting the major
discoveries and developments in science.
Answer:
Timeline of major discoveries and development in science
Nicolaus Copernicus invented the heliocentric model, the
heliocentric model, centered around the sun. He claimed that
1543
all the planets, including the earth, moved in orbits around the
sun, and showed how this new system could accurately
calculate the positions of planets.
Theory of evolution by natural selection Charles Darwin, it
was stated in his published book , “The Origin of Species” ,
1589
the evidence on how species evolved over time and represents
traits and adaptation that differentiate species.
William Gilbert discovered the Earth’s magnetic field, and
publishes his great book “De Magnete” describing how Earth
1600
behaves like an giant magnet. It’s the beginning of scientific
study of magnetism.
Isaac Newton discovered gravity after an apple fell in his
head, which explains why things fall down and why planets
1666
revolve around the sun. This is seen to be the start of Modern
Astronomy.
Steam Engine by Thomas Savery, Thomas newcomen, and
James Watt, Steam engine contributed substantially to the
1712
industrial revolution.
The electric battery by Alesandro Voltra, Italian Alesandro
Volta makes the first battery (known as a Voltic pile)
1800
Henry and sealy Fourdrinier develop the papermaking
machine. Fourdrinier machines, devices for producing paper,
1803
paperboard, and other… improved in england, where it was
patented by Henry and sealy Fourdrinier.
Elictricity- Michael Faraday, during the 1820s-1830s, Michael
Faraday builds primitive electric generators, the forerunner of
1830
the huge generators that produce today’s electricity.
Charles Wheatstone and William Cooke, in England and
Samuel Morse in the United States, develop the electric
telegraph (a forerunner of the telephone). A telegraph system
1840 with five magnetic needles that could be pointed around the
panel of letters and numbers by using an electric current. The
telegraph revolutionized long distance communication. It
worked worked by transmitting electrical signals over a wire
laid between stations.
William Morton discovers anesthesia, making painful
surgeries much more bearable.
1846
Water turbine by James Frances, A water turbine is now used
in many world’s hydropower plants. Hydroelectricity is the
1849
most common used form of renewable energy today, supplying
about 20%
Louis Pasteur develops Pasteurization: a way of preserving
food by heating it to kill of the bacteria. This has a tremendous
1860
effect on public health.
Periodic table by Dmitri Mendeleev, Mendeleev realized that
the physical and chemical properties of elements were related
to their atomic mass in ‘periodic’ way, and arrange them so
1869 that groups of elements with similar properties fill into
columns in his table. It is one of the most important
discoveries in chemistry.
German physicist Wilhelm Rontgen discovers X-rays. This
goes right through some substances, like flesh and wood, but
are stopped by others, such as bones and lead. This allow them
1895 to be used to see broken bones or explosives inside suitcases,
making it used for doctors and security officers. It was
awarded the first-ever noble prize in physics 1901.
Theory of Relativity by Albert Einstein, This explains the
relationship between speed, time, and distance. The
complicated theory states that the speed of light always
1905 remains the same 186,000miles/second regardless of how fast
someone or something is moving toward or away from it. This
theory became the foundation for much of modern science.
Quantum Theory by Niels Bohr. Niels Bohr won a 1922
Nobel prize in physics for his research on the structure of an
1922
atom and his work in the development of the quantum theory.
Post-test
1. How do social and human issues influence science?
Answer:
There are lots of social and human issues, and several of those issues are
unavoidable. Social & human issues influence science in a sense, that science
provides a solution to the issues/problems that our society have. Societal
issues/problems often inspire questions for scientific research, and social
priorities often influence research priorities through the availability of funding
for research.
2. How did society shape science and how did science shape society?
Answer:
Society shaped science in many different ways, science is directly influenced by
the interests and needs of society and often direct their research towards the
topics that will serve society. Such health needs which include the medicines
and medical equipment/apparatus. It also involves technological demands of
people for a comfortable and convenient way of living. And science shaped
society through the technological advancement and its scientific knowledge. It
influence a lot of people in the society, on how they would view stuffs around
them
APORTO, ALADEN B. BSCE-2A
