LEA1: LAW ENFORCEMENT ORGANIZATION AND 1.

Planning is the process of setting performance

ADMINISTRATION (INTER-AGENCY APPROACH) objectives and identifying the actions needed to
accomplish them.

2. Organizing is the process of dividing the work to be

POLICE ADMINISTRATION & MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS
done and coordinating results to achieve a desired
The setting below shows that management is related purpose.
with administration in an organizational environment.
3. Leading is the process of directing and coordinating
Management pertains to the utilization of available the work efforts of other people to help them
resources in an organization while administration refers accomplish an important task.
to the processes used. The organization with
4. Controlling- is the process of monitoring
management and administration is directed towards the
performance, comparing results to objectives and taking
achievement of goals and objectives. Goals are broad
corrective action as necessary.
statements of general and long-term organizational
purposes often used to define the role of the police, for
instance, to prevent crime, maintain order or help solve
C.Police Managerial Activities and Roles
community problems.

Objectives are specific short-term statements consistent

with an organization's goal. Interpersonal Roles working directly with other people

 Figurehead hosting and attending .

Both goals and objectives are important because they official ceremonies .
help to identify the expectations of what the police are
doing and how productively (efficient and effective) they  Leadership - creating enthusiasm and serving
perform. peoples' needs

 Liaison maintaining contacts with important people

and groups
A. Police Productivity and Managerial
Performance Informational Roles exchange information with other
people insiders outsiders
An effective police manager must be concerned with the
productivity of police work teams and their members.  Monitor-seeking out relevant information
Productivity means the summary of measures of the  Disseminator sharing information with
quantity and quality of police work performance
achieved with resource utilization considered.  Spokesperson sharing information with

Good police managers establish and support the Decisional Roles make decisions that affect other
conditions needed to ensure high productivity for people . and opportunities to explore .
themselves, for individual contributors, for their work
units, and for the organization as a whole. This involves
a commitment to the accomplishment of two different  Entrepreneur - seeking problems to solve
but complimentary, police performance outcomes: ?
 Disturbance handler helping to resolve conflicts
 Police Effectiveness measures whether or not
 Resource Allocator allocating resources to various
important task goals are being attained
uses
 Police Efficiency measures how well resources are
 Negotiator - negotiating with other parties
being utilized. Performance

ORIGIN OF THE WORD "POLICE"

POLITEIA - Greek word which means government of the

The formula illustrates that one outcome is not enough; city
achieving high productivity requires both performance POLITIA - Roman word which means condition of the
effectiveness and efficiency. State or Government
POLICE MANAGEMENT PROCESSES POLICE - French word which was later adopted by the
The management process involves Planning -Organizing English language.
-Leading -Controlling the use of organizational
resources to achieve high performance results.
ORGANIZATION defined

It is a form of human association for the attainment of a

goal or objective. It is the process of identifying and
grouping the work to be performed, defining and 8. Special Duty- the police service, its nature, Which
delegating responsibility and authority establishing requires that the officer be excused from the
relationships for the purpose of enabling people work performance of his active regular duty.
effectively.
9. Leave of Absence the period which an officer is
POLICE ORGANIZATION defined excused from active duty due to any valid/acceptable
reason and the same has been approved by a higher
Police organization is a group of trained personnel in the
authority.
field of public safety administration engaged in the
achievement of goals and objectives that promotes the 10. Sick Leave period which an officer is excused from
maintenance of peace and order, protection of life and active duty by reason of illness or injury.
property, enforcement of the laws and the prevention of
11. Suspension a consequence of an act which
crimes. The organization of the police force commonly
temporarily deprives an officer from the privilege of
requires the following organizational units:
performing his duties as a result of violating directives
Functional Units or other department regulations.

1. Bureau- the largest organic functional unit within a 12. Department Rules rules established by department
large department. It comprises of numbers of divisions. directors/supervisors to control the conduct of the
members of the police force.
2. Division a primary subdivision of a bureau.
13. Duty Manual-describes the procedures and defines
3. Section functional unit within a division that is
the duties of officers assigned to specified post or
necessary for specialization.
position.
4. Unit-functional group within a section; or the
14. Order an instruction given by a ranking officer to a
smallest functional group within an organization.
subordinate, either (a) General Order; (b) Special; or (c)
1. Post a fixed point or location to which an officer is Personal
assigned for duty, such as a designated desk or office or
15. Report usually a written communication unless
an intersection or cross walk from traffic duty. It is a spot
otherwise specifies to be verbal reports; verbal reports
location for general guard duty,
should be confirmed by written communication.
2. Route a length of streets designated for patrol
purposes. It is also called LINE BEAT.
Types of Police Organizational Structures
3. Beat-An area assigned for patrol purposes whether
foot or motorized.

4. Sector An area containing two or more beats, routes, Line Organization

or posts.
The straight-line organization, often called the
5. District-a geographical subdivision of a city for patrol Individual, military or departmental type of
purposes usually with its own station. 6.. Area a section organization, is the simplest and perhaps the oldest type
or territorial division of a large city each comprised of but it is seldom encountered.
designated districts.
Its channels of authority and responsibility extends in a
direct line from top to bottom within the structures,
authority is definite and absolute While the line type of
Key Terminologies
organization has many advantages, it also has some
1. Sworn Officers all personnel of the police department inherent weakness which for many organization a make
who have oath and possess the power to arrest its use impractical. Perhaps it's greatest advantage is
that it is utterly simple. It involves a division of the work
2. Superior Officer one having supervisory into units of eight person's with a person in charge who
responsibilities either temporarily or permanently, over has complete control and who can be hold directly
officers of lower rank. responsible or accountable for results or lack of them.
3. Commanding Officer an officer who is in command of
the department, a bureau, a division, an area, or a
district. Functional Organization

4. Ranking Officer- an officer is more senior in The functional Organization In its Pure form is rarely
rank/higher in rank in a team or group. found in present day organizations, except at or near the
top of the very large organizations. Unlike the line type
5. Length of Service the period of time that has elapsed of structure, those establishments organized on a
since the oath of office was administered. Previous functional basis violate the prime rule that men perform
active services may be included or added. best when they have but one superior. The functional
6. On Duty the period when an officer is actively responsibility of each "functional manager" is limited to
engaged in the performance of his duty the particular activity over which he has control,
regardless of who performs the function.
7. offices Off Duty the nature of which the police is free
from specific routine duty.
Line and Staff Organization Auxiliary Functions: Auxiliary functions involve the
logistical operations of the department. These include
The Line and Staff organization is a combination of the
training, communications, jailing, maintenance, record
line and functional types. It combines staff specialist
keeping, motor vehicles, and similar operations.
such as the criminalists, the training officers, the
research and development specialists, etc. Channels of
responsibility are to "think and provide expertise" for
ELEMENTS OF ORGANIZATON
the line units. The line supervisor must remember that
he obtains advice from the staff specialists. Specialization The grouping of activities and
segregation of line, staff, and auxiliary functions are
In normal operations, the staff supervisor has line
large-scale examples of specialization within a
commands but with recognized limitations such as
bureaucratic organization. Specialization of an individual
coordination between line and staff personnel which
level is also important in all organizations, since it must
can be achieved without undue friction. Failure to
be expected that some members will know more,
recognize these line and staff relationship is the greatest
perform better and contribute more in one area of
and most frequent source of friction and a barrier to
activity than in others. Disparities in job ability among
effective coordination. The advantage of this kind would
persons may be the result of physical attributes, mental
be it combines staff specialist or units with line
aptitude, skills, interests, education, training,
organization so that service of knowledge can be
motivation, or adaptation, among other factors.
provided line personnel by specialist.
Specialization Defined. Specialization is the assignment
Classification of Line, Staff, and Auxiliary Function of particular workers to particular tasks. Thus, it can be
thought of in terms of either jobs or people.
Whatever their method of grouping internal activities,
Specialization of people (specialists) is the designation
all bureaucratic agencies segregate the function of line,
of particular persons as having expertise in a specific
staff, and auxiliary personnel. The persons for this
area of work. Here, specialization signifies the
tripartite classification are best explained by examining
adaptation of an individual to the requirements to some
each of the functions.
technical tasks through training, conditioning or
Line Functions: Line functions are the "backbone" of the extensive on-the-job experience. Example: Areas of
police department; they include such operations as police specialization include undercover works, crime
patrol, criminal investigation, and traffic control, as well scene operations, legal advising, computer work,
as supervision of the personnel performing those planning, community relations, drug reaction, gang
operations. Line functions are carried out but "line activities, or SWAT operations.
members," including the patrol officer, the detective,
the sergeant, the lieutenant, the captain, and the chief
of police. Line members are responsible for: Hierarchy of Authority

Carrying out the major purposes of the police If all persons within an organization were given the
department. freedom to do what they like (and to refuse to do what
they dislike), there would be little likelihood of
Delivering the services provided by the department.
accomplishment. Any collaborative effort such as that in
Dealing directly with the department's clientele a police department requires a system of checks and
controls on individual behavior. Hence, the department
Making final decisions with respect to the activities they must have a person or persons with authority to direct
perform. the actions of workers and ensure compliance with
standards in order to achieve the department's goals.

Staff Functions: Staff functions are those operations

designed to support the line functions. Staff members Hierarchy defined.
are necessarily advisors who are typically assigned to
planning, research, legal advice, budgeting, and A hierarchy represents the formal relationship among
educational services. Staff members are often civilians superiors and subordinates in any given organization. It
with specialized training who serve within the can be visualized as a ladder, with each rung (or rank)
department but do not deal with daily operations on the representing a higher or lower level of authority.
street. Their main function is to study police policies and
Each rank or position on a hierarchical ladder has
practices and to offer proposals to the chief executive of
specific rights while at the same time owing specific
the department. Staff personnel tend to be
duties to the positions above and below it. Any
Highly specialized. particular position of the ladder is expected to direct
and control the activities of the ranks while obeying the
Involved in an advisory capacity directions and instructions received from higher ranks.
Detached from the public Authority Defined.

Not directly responsible for the decisions made by Authority is the right to command and control the
department executive behavior of employees in lower positions within an
organizational hierarchy. A hierarchy thus serves as the
framework for the flow of authority downward (and expected to check with his or her sergeant before taking
obedience upward) through the department. any action.

Example: Authority can be illustrated by the situation in

which a subordinate abstains from making his or her
Formal Communication
choice among several courses of action and instead
automatically accepts the choice made by the Basically, communication is the process of sharing and
supervisor regardless of whether one personally agrees. understanding an information on common subjects.
More precisely, it is an intercourse between, two or
Authority Roles.
more people by means of words, letters symbols, or
Authority within an organization must be viewed in gestures for the purpose of exchanging information.
terms of prescribed roles rather than of Individuals. A Procedures, channels and standardized languages are
particular position within an organization carries the essential to effective communication within such large
same authority regardless of who occupies that organization. While the eight elements previously
position. While the personality of the occupant may discussed are crucial to any police organization, they
change the style or manner in which Enter authority is would remain fragmented without some means of
exercised, it should increase or decrease the basic integrating them into a meaningful and practical whole.
obligations of the occupant toward those in subordinate The integrating element is communication. Through
positions, communication, personnel are kept informed of the
objectives of the organization, of the means selected for
Example: The authority of a police chief stems from the
achieving them, and of the information necessary for
role that a chief executive must play-whether he or she
the continuing operation of the department. Effective
is referred to as chief, superintendent, commissioner, or
communication would ensure a common understanding
some other title, and regardless the size or location of
of department goals, policies, and procedures and this
the department he or he commands.
helps to bind the agency together.
Span of Control

A span of control is the maximum number of

PRINCIPLES ORGANIZATION OF POLICE
subordinates at a given position that superior can
supervise effectively. Police organizations are either formal or informal.

Formal organizations are highly structured while

Determining the Span of Control informal organizations are those without structures.
Every formal police organization whether small or large
Effective organization requires that only a manageable
are governed by the following principles
number of subordinates be supervised by one person at
any given time. This number will, of course, vary-not 1. Principle of Unity of Objectives an organization is
only from one organization to another (depending on effective if it enables the individuals to contribute to the
each organization's definition of "effective supervision") organization's objectives.
but also within each organization depending on the
2. Principle of Organizational Efficiency - organization
number of task and the size of personnel available at a
structure is effective if it is structured in such a way to
given time.
aid the accomplishment of the organization's objectives
with a minimum cost.

Delegation of Authority 3. Scalar Principle shows the vertical hierarchy of the

organization which defines an unbroken chain of units
Delegation is the conferring of an amount of authority
from top to bottom describing explicitly the flow of
by a superior position onto a lower-level position. The
authority. The scalar principles are:
person to whom authority is delegated becomes
responsible to the superior for doing the assigned job. a. Line of Authority and Chain of Command This
However, the delegators remain accountable for principle of organization suggests that communications
accomplishment of the job within the guidelines and should ordinarily go upward through established
quality standards of the agency. channels in the hierarchy. Diverting orders, directives, or
reports around a level of command usually has
disastrous effects on efficiency of the organization.
Unity of Command
b. The Span of Control of a supervisor over personnel or
Traditional theories of organization insisted that each units shall not mean more than what he can effectively
employee should have only one supervisor of "boss" direct and coordinate. In span of control, levels of
and considered this principle of "unity of command" the authority shall be kept to a minimum.
backbone of any organizational structure. Thus, a patrol
C The Delegation of authority shall carry with it a
officer, for example, would always receive orders from
commensurate authority and the person to whom the
one sergeant and would always report to that same
authority is delegated shall be held accountable
sergeant. If the officer was instructed or advised by a
therefore. It implies that delegation must carry with its
detective, garage sergeant, or any other administrator
appropriate responsibility.
(with the possible exception of the chief), the officer is
c. The Unity of Command explains that subordinates usually under the supervision of a patrol sergeant.
should only be under the control of one Superior. When the number of patrolmen is great, it may be
desirable to divide them into squads assigned to specific
4. Functional Principle refers to division of work
sectors of jurisdiction with a sergeant in charge of each
according to type, place, time and specialization.
squad.
5. Line and Staff implies that a system of varied
D.According to Level of Authority - A police d.
functions arranged into a workable pattern. The line
department is always divided according to the level of
organization is responsible for the direct
authority. For example, there will be some patrolmen,
accomplishment of the objectives while the staff is
sergeants, some lieutenants, some captains and so on.
responsible for support, advisory or facilitative capacity.
Vertical combinations of superior officers, with each
6. Principle of Balance states that the application of rank at a different level of authority from any other,
principles must be balanced to ensure the effectiveness from channels through which operations may be
of the structure in meeting organization's objectives. directed and controlled can be adopted in certain cases
to ensure coordination.
6: Principle of Balance states that the application of
principles must be balanced to ensure the effectiveness
of the structure in meeting organization's objectives.
Specialization Based on Need
Principle of Delegation by Results-states
Specialized units should be created only when overall
7. that authority delegated should be adequate to
departmental capability is thus significantly Increased.
ensure the ability to accomplish expected results.
Specialization is a principle of organization which is the
8. Principles of Absoluteness of Responsibility explains result of the division of the force into separate units.
that the responsibility of the subordinates to their The degree of specialization is determined by the size
superior for performance is absolute and the superior and sophistication of the department and by the extent
cannot escape responsibility for the organization on to which unit has exclusive responsibility for the
activities performed by their subordinates. performance of each group of the operational task.

9. Principle of Parity and Responsibility

explains that responsibility for action cannot be greater LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY
than that implied by the authority delegated nor should
pertains to an organization responsible for enforcing the
It be less.
laws. The collective term for professionals who are
10. Authority Level Principle implies that decisions dedicated to upholding and enforcing the laws and
within the authority of the individual commander statutes that are currently in force in a given jurisdiction.
should be made by them and not be returned upward in
the organizational structure.
THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE
11. Principle of Flexibility means that the more flexible
the organization, the more it can fulfill its purpose. 1) HOME RULE THEORY policemen are regarded as
servants of the community who rely for the efficiency of
their functions upon the express needs of the people.
OTHER PRINCIPLES OF POLICE ORGANIZATION policemen are civil servants whose key duty is the
Grouping of Similar Task preservation of public peace and security.

Tasks, similar or related in purpose, process, method, or 2) CONTINENTAL THEORY policemen are regarded as
clientele should be grouped together in one Enter or servants of the higher authorities the people have no
more units under the control of one person. Whenever share or have little participation with the duties nor
practicable, every function of the police force shall be connection with the police organization, CONCEPTS OF
assigned to a unit. POLICE SERVICE 1) OLD CONCEPT police service gives
the impression of being merely a suppressive
a. According to Function-The force should be organized machinery. this philosophy advocates that the
primarily according to the nature of the basis to be measurement of police competence is the increasing
performed. It should be divided into groups so that number of arrests. throwing offenders in detention
similar and related duties may be assigned to each. facilities rather than trying to prevent them from
b. According to Time Frame The elements are divided committing crimes.
into many shifts or watches according to the time of the 2. ) MODERN CONCEPT regards police as the first line
day. This is the most elementary form of police of defense of the criminal Justice system; an organ of
organization. Any large functional unit can also be crime prevention. police efficiency is measured by the
organized according to time if the demand exists. decreasing number of crimes. -broadens police activities
C.According to Place of Work A teritorial distribution of to cater to social services and has for its mission the
a platoon accomplished by assigning patrolman on beats welfare of the individual as well as that of the
is necessary to facilitate the direction and control of the community in general.
officers and to ensure sultable patrol service at every ORGANIC UNITS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION
point within the jurisdiction. Patrolman on street duty is
1. OPERATIONAL UNITS those that perform primary or enacted on December 13, 1990; reorganized the DILG
line functions; examples of which are patrol, traffic, and established the Philippine National Police
investigation and vice control.

2. ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS those that perform the

Bureau of Fire Protection, Bureau of Jail Management
administrative functions; examples of these are
and Penology and the Philippine Public Safety College
personnel, finance, planning and training.

3. SERVICE UNITS those that perform auxiliary

functions; examples of which are communication and 6.R.A. 8551-otherwise known as the Philippine National
records management. Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998, enacted
on February 25, 1998; this law amended certain
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
provisions of RA 6975.
the systematic arrangement of the relationship of the
7. RA 9708-law amending the provisions of RA 6975 and
members, positions, departments and functions or work
RA 8551 on the minimum educational qualification for
of the organization. It is comprised of functions,
appointment to the PNP and adjusting the promotion
relationships, responsibilities and authorities of
system; approved on 12 August 2009. "AN ACT
Individuals within the organization.
EXTENDING FOR FIVE (5) YEARS THE REGLEMENTARY
ORGANIZATIONAL CHART PERIOD FOR COMPLYING WITH THE MINIMUM
EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION FOR APPOINTMENT TO
an illustration in the form of a chart which represents
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE (PNP) AND
the organizational structure. The mechanical means of
ADJUSTING THE PROMOTION SYSTEM THEREOF,
depicting the organizational structure.
AMENDING FOR THE PURPOSE PERTINENT PROVISIONS
PHILIPPINE POLICING SYSTEM OF REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6975 AND REPUBLIC ACT NO.
8551 AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES"
On January 9, 1901, the Metropolitan Police Force of
Manila was organized pursuant to Act No. 70 of the Taft
Commission. This has become the basis for the
IMPORTANT FILIPINO PERSONALITIES IN THE
coloration of the anniversary of the Manila's Finest
EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE POLICING
every of January.
1. BRIGADIER GENERAL RAFAEL CRAME the first Filipino
1. ACT 175 entitled "An Act Providing for the
Chief of the Philippine Constabulary on December 17,
Organization and Government of an Insular
1917.
Constabulary, and for the Inspection of the Municipal
Police." established on August 8, 1901. CAPT. HENRY 2. COL. ANTONIO TORRES - the first Filipino Chief of
ALLEN-the first chief of the Philippine Constabulary in Police of the Manila Police Department in 1935.
1901.
3. COL. LAMBERTO JAVALERA -the first Chief of Police of
2. ACT 183-enacted on July 13,1901 created the Manila the Manila Police Department after the Philippine
Police Department Independence from the United States of America in
1946.

4. P/DIR GEN CESAR NAZARENO the first chief of the

CAPT GEORGE CURRY-the first Chief of Police of the
Philippine National Police. HIGHLIGHTS OF RA 6975-THE
Manila Police Department in 1901. 3. R.A. 4864
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL
otherwise known as the Police Act of 1966, enacted on
GOVERNMENT ACT OF 1990, RA 8551-THE PHILIPPINE
August 8, 1966; created the Police Commission
NATIONAL POLICE REFORM AND REORGANIZATION ACT
(POLCOM) as a supervisory agency to oversee the
OF 1998 and RA 9708 THE DEPARTMENT OF THE
training and professionalization of the local police forces
INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT (DILG) formerly
under the Office of the President, later POLCOM was
Department of Local Government (DLG) - reorganized
renamed into National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM)
under R.A. 6975

Martial Law Period

ORGANIZATION: Composition:
4. P.D. 765 otherwise known as the Integration Act of
-the Department proper
1975, enacted on August 8, 1975; established the
Integrated National Police (INP) composed of the -existing bureaus and offices of the DILG -the National
Philippine Constabulary (PC) as the nucleus and the Police Commission
integrated local police forces as components, under the
-the Philippine Public Safety College (PPSC)
Ministry of National Defense. -transferred the
NAPOLCOM from the Office of the President to the -Philippine National Police (PNP)
Ministry of National Defense.
-Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)
5. R.A. 6975-otherwise known as the Department of
the Interior and Local Government Act of 1990, -Bureau of Jail Management and Penology

(BJMP)
-the PPSC, PNP, BFP and BJMP were created under RA In order to accomplish the mission, powers and
6975. functions of the PNP, Its structure was provided for as
follows
-headed by the Secretary to be appointed by the
President and who shall serve at the pleasure of the
President.
1. The PNP Command Group is headed by the Chief PNP
-the Secretary shall be assisted by two (2) who is vested with the power to command and direct
Undersecretaries and three (3) Assistant Secretaries. the PNP, He is also assisted by two Deputies assinned to
the administration of the PNP and one for operations
-Undersecretary for Local Government.
side.
-Undersecretary for Peace and Order.
2. The Chief of the Directorial Staff serves as the Chief
-No retired or resigned military officer or police official Operations Officer of the PNP. He coordinates,
may be appointed as Secretary within one (1) year from supervises, and directs the Directorial Staff and the PINI
date of retirement or resignation. -the Secretary is also units in the performance of their respective functions.
the ex officio chairman of the National Police
3. The Internal Affairs Service (IAS) is headed by a
Commission. t f
Inspector General who assists the Chief PNP in ensuring
operational readiness and investigates infractions of the
regulations committed by the members of the PNP.
RELATIONSHIP OF THE DILG WITH THE DEPARTMENT
OF NATIONAL DEFENSE (DND) -under RA 6975, the 4. The Human Rights Affairs Office (HRAO) is headed by
Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) was in charge a senior police commissioned officer who serves as a
with external security while the DILG was in charge with manager of the facility that will supervise the
internal security implementation of the guidelines and policies on human
rights laws.

5. The Center for Police Strategy Management (CPSM)

under RA 8551, the DILG shall be relieved of the primary serves as the Central facility of the PNP in coordinating
responsibility on matters involving suppression of and integrating all strategy management processes,
insurgency and other serious threats to national sustaining its strategy execution and management, and
security. The PNP shall through information gathering instilling in the organization a culture of strategy focus.
and performance of its ordinary police functions
supports the AFP on matters involving suppression of 6. The Directorial Staff is composed of 16 directorates.
insurgency. Every Director in each unit has also his defined function
in line with his specialization as follows:

NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION -an agency attached to

the DILG for policy coordination. shall exercise  The Directorate for Personnel and Records
administrative control and operational supervision over Management (DPRM). The director optimizes the
the PNP. COMPOSITION: consists of a Chairperson, four utilization of personnel resources both from the
(4) regular Commissioners and the Chief of PNP as ex PNP- uniformed and non- uniformed personnel.
officio member. shall serve a term of office of six (6)
 The Directorate for Intelligence (DI). The director
years without reappointment or extension. three of the
manages the gathering/collating of intelligence
regular Commissioners shall come from civilian sector
objectives through effective management of all
who are neither active nor former members of the
intelligence and counter-intelligence activities of
police or military. -the fourth regular commissioner shall
the PNP. He also serves as the linkage of all
come from the law enforcement sector either active or
foreigners with official transactions with the chief
retired. Provided, that an active member of a law
PNP,
enforcement agency shall be considered resigned once
appointed. at least one (1) of the four regular  The Directorate for Operations (DO). The director
commissioners shall be a woman. -from among the exercises the command, the control, the direction,
three regular commissioners from the civilian sector, the the coordination and the supervision of all activities
Vice Chairperson shall be chosen. - the Vice Chairperson on PNP operations such as deployment and
shall act as the Executive Officer of the Commission. employment of personnel.

 The Directorate for Logistics (DL). The director

administers and manages material resources
E. THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE (PNP)
needed for the PNP operations.
ORGANIZATION The PNP is composed of a national
headquarters, regional headquarters, provincial  The Directorate for Plans (DPL). The director plans
headquarters, district headquarters or municipal and programs strategic PNP operations. He also
stations. At the national level, the PNP maintains its represents the PNP in the inter-agency and
national headquarters in Camp Crame, Metropolitan international affairs on peace and order.
Manila which houses the directorial staff, service staff
and special support units.
 The Directorate for Comptroller-ship (DC). The  Engineering Service( ES).
director administers and manages the fiscal
 Training Service (TS).
financial resources.
 And PNP Retirement and Benefits Administration
 The Directorate for Police-Community Relations
Service (PRBS).
(DPCR). The director formulates and implements
community -related activities, programs and The twelve (12) operational support units and their
projects. He also supervises the PNP Salaam Police respective functions are as follows: Maritime Group
Center to undertake close monitoring, networking (MG). This group is responsible to perform all police
and liaisoning activities with the Muslim functions over Philippine Territorial waters, lakes, and
communities in addressing terrorism and lawless rivers along coastal areas to include ports and harbors
violence in their respective areas to guarantee that and small islands for the security and the sustainability
the Muslims are not discriminated, oppressed or development of the maritime environment. Intelligence
singled- out. Group (IG). This group serves as the intelligence and
counter-intelligence operating unit of the PNP.
 The Directorate for Investigation and Detective
Management (DIDM). The director coordinates. Police Security and Protection Group (PSPG). This
Controls and supervises all investigation activities. group provides security to government vital stallations,
The government officials, visiting dignitaries and private
individuals authorized to be given protection.
 Directorate for Human Resource and Doctrine
Development (DHRDD). The director formulates Criminal Investigation and Detection Group (CIDG).
policies on matters pertaining to human resources This group monitors, investigates, prosecutes all crimes
and doctrine development. involving economic sabotage, and other crimes of such
magnitude and extent as to indicate their commission
 The Directorate for Research and
by highly placed or professional criminal syndicates and
Development(DRD).
organizations. It also conducts organized crime control,
The director engages in research and development and all major cases involving violations of the revised penal
does testing and evaluation of self- reliant projects. Code, violators of SPECIAL LAWS assigned to them such
as Anti-hijacking, Anti-Carmapping and Cyber crimes
 The Directorate for Information and
among others and atrocities committed by Communist
Communications Technology Management
Party of the Philippines (CPP)/New People's Army
(DICTM). The director integrates and standardines
(NPA)/National Democratic Front (NDF).
all the PNP information systems and resources to
further improve the frontline services. Special Action Force (SAF). This group is a mobile strike
force or a reaction unit to augment regional provincial,
 Five (5) Directorates for Integrated Police
municipal and city police force for civil disturbance
Operations (DIPOs). The Directors of the clustered
control, internal security operations, hostage taking
areas for Integrated Police Operations, namely:
rescue operations, search and rescue in times of natural
Eastern Mindanao, Western Mindanao, Visayas,
calamities, disasters and national emergencies and
Southern and Northern Luzon are given the
other special police operations such as ant-hijacking,
responsibility to direct and to supervise the
anti-terrorism, explosives and ordnance disposal. On a
conduct of integrated anti-criminality, internal
special note, the PNP Air Unit is placed under the
security, counter- terrorism operations, to promote
supervision of SAF.
inter-operability with the Armed Forces of the
Philippines, and to provide a system to promote Aviation Security Group (AVEGROUP). This group
regional socio-economic development. provides security to all airports throughout the country.

7. There are 23 National Support Units of the PNP. Highway Patrol Group (HPG). This group enforces the
Eleven (11) of which are administrative while twelve traffic laws and regulations, promote safety along the
(12) are operational in nature. The eleven highways, enhances traffic safety consciousness through
Administrative Units are as follows: Logistics Support inter- agency cooperation concerning Police Traffic
Service (LSS). Information Technology Management Safety Engineering, Traffic Safety Education and Traffic
Service (ITMS). Law enforcement functions and develops reforms in the
crime prevention aspect against all forms of lawlessness
committed along National Highway involving the use of
motor vehicles.

 Finance Service (F5). Police-Community Relations Group (PCRG). This group

undertakes and orchestrates Police Community
 Health Service (H5) Relations program and activities in partnership with
 Communications and Electronics Service (CES). concerned government agencies, the community, and
Chaplain Service (CHS). volunteer organizations in order to prevent crime and
attain a safe and peaceful environment. Civil Security
 Legal Service (15) Group (CSG). This group regulates business operations
 Headquarters Support Service (HSS). and activities of all organized private detectives,
watchmen, security guards/agencies and company
guard forces. It also supervises the licensing and Police Lieutenant General =Lt. General
registration of firearms and explosives.
Police Major General =Maj. General
Crime Laboratory (CL). This group provides scientific
Police Brigadier General =Brig. Gen.
and technical, investigative aide and support to the PNP
and other investigative agencies. It also provides crime Police Colonel =Colonel
laboratory examination, evaluation and identification of
Police Lieutenant Colonel =Lt. Colonel
physical evidence gathered at the crime scene with
primary emphasis on medical, biological and physical Police Major =Major
nature. Police Captain =Captain
PNP Anti-Kidnapping Group (PNP-AKG). This Group Police Lieutenant =Lieutenant
serves as the primary unit of the PNP in addressing
kidnapping menace in the country and in handling
hostage situations. And PNP Anti-Cybercrime Group B. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS:
(PNP- ACG). This Group is responsible for the
implementation of pertinent laws on cybercrimes and Police Executive Master Sergeant=Master
anti-cybercrime campaigns of the PNP. Sergeant

8. For the main PNP operating units, there are Police Chief Master Sergeant = Tech Sergeant
seventeen (17) Police Regional Offices nationwide
Police Senior Master Sergeant = Staff Sergeant
which correspond to the Regional subdivisions of the
country headed by a Regional Director. Directly under Police Master Sergeant = Sergeant
the Police Regional Offices are seventeen (17) Regional
Police Staff Sergeant = Corporal
Public Safety Battalions (RPSB), eighty (80) Police
Provincial Offices which correspond to the number of Police Corporal =Private 1st Class
Provinces in the country and twenty (20) City Police
Offices (CPOs) in highly urbanized and independent IGNISIA RANK
cities, which are equivalent to a Provincial Police Office. POLICE GENERAL (P/GEN)
The Police Provincial Offices have their respective
Provincial Public Safety Companies (PPSC) which is
utilized primarily for internal security operations (150).
The number of platoons in a Provincial Public Safety
Company is dependent on the existing peace and order
situation in the province concerned. POLICE LIEUTENANT (P/LT.GEN)

POLICE MAJOR GENERAL (P/M.GEN)

Finally, a total of 1,766 Police Stations are established
nationwide and they are categorized as follows: 90 PPOLICE BRIGADIER GENERAL
Component City Police Stations and 1,507 Municipal (P/B.GEN)
Police Stations under the Police Provincial Offices, 131
Police Stations under the City Police Offices, and 38 POLICE COLONEL (P/COL)
Police Stations/City Police Stations in the National
POLICE LIEUTENANT COLONEL
Capital Regional Police Office which serve as the main
(P/LT.COL)
operating arms of the PNP for the anti-criminality
campaign POLICE MAJOR (P/MAJ)

REPUBLIC ACT No. 11200 POLICE CAPTAIN(P/CAPT)

An Act Providing for the Rank Classification in the POLICE LIEUTENANT (P/LT)
Philippine National Police, Amending for the Purpose
Section 28 of Republic Act No. 6975, as Amended, POLICE EXECUTIVE MASTER
Otherwise Known as the "Department of the Interior SERGEANT (P/EMS)
and Lecat Government Act of 1990" POLICE CHIEF MASTER
SEARGEANT(P/CMS)

The Rank Classification of the PNP Personnel POLICE MASTER SERGEANT (P/MSg)

POLICE STAFF MASTER

SERGEANT(P/SSg)
POLICE RANKS EQUIVALENT
POLICE CORPORAL (P/Cpl)
ABBERATIONS MILITARY RANKS
PATROLMAN/PATROL WOMAN (Pat)
A. COMMISIONED OFFICERS:

Police General = General

C. Cadets of the Philippine National Police Academy Community Oriented Policing System (COPS) In the
(PNPA) are classified above the Police Captain and Philippines, a revolutionized concept in modem policing
below the Lieutenant rank in the PNP. and a new strategy for delivering basic police services
adhering to the following basic concepts have been
PNP: National in Scope - Civilian in Character a National
adopted the so-called COPS:
in scope simply means that the PNP is nationwide
government organization whose jurisdiction covers the a The police and community are co-producers of police
entire breadth of the Philippine archipelago which vices. Hence, peace and order are shared joint
extends up to the municipality of Kalayaan islands in the responsibility of the community and the police.
province of Palawan. All PNP personnel both the
b. Puts emphasis on the proactive or pre-emptive
uniformed and non-uniformed components are national
system of policing capitalizing on the active and vigilant
government employees. Civilian in character means
actions and participation of the citizenry, It is a Problem
that the PNP is not a part of the military. Although, it
Oriented Policing System (POPS), which is zeroed in to
retains some military attributes such as discipline. It
the root causes of the problem and its solution.
shall adopt unique non- military cultures, Code of Ethics,
and Standard of Professional conduct comparable to the PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
civilian police forces of other countries
-organized pursuant to RA 6975, as amended by RA
The Achievement of Professional Conduct and 8551 a law enforcement agency under the DILG.
Exemplary Behavior among PNP members A PNP
member as a Law Enforcer and an Agent of a Person in -under administrative control and operational
Authority is a model citizen of the community. He is supervision of the National Police Commission.
looked upon as the paragon of virtues and a protector of -it is an organization that is national in scope and
the people. He has chosen a noble profession of high civilian in character as provided by Article XVI, Section
risk and dedicated service to protect the rights, lives and 6 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution: The state shall
properties of the people whom he had sworn to serve establish and maintain one police force which shall be
with utmost dedication. In this regard, each PNP national in scope and civilian in character..." headed by
member is mandated to strictly adhere to the Police the Chief, PNP, with the rank of Director General,
Code of Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards. appointed by the President and who shall serve a term
Swift punishments are rendered to erring. members of office of four (4) years.
while proper recognition for exemplary achievements is
given to deserving ones. Merit and performance, NATIONAL IN SCOPE means that the PNP is a
qualifications and mandatory promotional courses are nationwide government organization whose jurisdiction
instituted for acceleration in the career ladder. covers the entire breadth of the Philippine archipelago. -
Continuing education and leadership development aside all uniformed and non-uniformed personnel of the PNP
from moral values enhancement are the keys to are national government employees.
dynamic professional groups of PNP members. CIVILIAN IN CHARACTER means that that the PNP is not
The PNP Doctrine of Development Police Doctrine is a a part of the military, although it retains some military
doctrine of preservation. Therefore, it is a truism that attributes such as discipline.
the basic weapon of a policeman is the excellent POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE PNP
knowledge of the law he is enforcing and that the gun is
only secondary or a defensive weapon. An ordinary - Enforces all laws and ordinances relative to the
policeman is expected to be a one-man staff, operator, protection of lives and properties;
fiscalizer and prosecutor in the court of law. On top of
- Maintains peace and order and take all necessary steps
this, he is also expected to behave civilly as a model
to ensure public safety;
citizen of his community as a protector of human rights.
The battleground of a policeman is the court of law and - Investigates and prevent crimes, effect the arrest of
the center stage of his action is community wherein the criminal offenders, bring offenders to justice and assist
spectators are the citizens he has sworn to serve with in their prosecution;
utmost dedication. As quoted by no less that the Chief,
-Exercises the general powers to make arrest, search
PNP, Director General ficardo A. Sacramento II "Rigors of
and seizure in accordance with the Constitution and
police work, more than anything else, touch the lives of
pertinent laws,
every citizen as they go through their daily routine." This
is mirrored by the often-quoted maxim, verbalized by -Detains an arrested person for a period not beyond
August Vollmer who said: what is prescribied by law, informing the person so
detained of all his rights under the Constitution;
“Average citizen expects the police officer to have the
wisdom of Solomon, the courage of David, the strength - Issues licenses for the possession of firearms and
of Samson, the patience of Job, the leadership of explosives in accordance with law;
Moses, the faith of Daniel, the diplomacy of Lincoln, the
-Supervises and controls the training and operations of
tolerance of the carpenter of Nazareth, the kindness of
security agencies and issue licenses to operate security
the Good Samaritan, and finally, an intimate knowledge
agencies and to security guards and private detectives,
of every branch of natural, biological and social
for the purpose of their professions.
sciences. If he possesses all these qualities, then he
might be a good policeman."
ORGANIZATION and COMPOSITION OF THE PNP shall  Chief Superintendent Chief of Police with the rank
be headed by a Chief who shall be assisted by two (2) of
deputy chiefs:
 Chief Inspector STATUS OF THE MEMBERS OF THE
-Deputy Chief for Administration. PNP

-Deputy Chief for Operations. the Chief PNP and the two  police officers are employees of the national
(2) deputy chiefs shall be appointed by the President. government and shall draw their salaries from the
national budget. - they shall have the same salary
-no officer who is retirable within six (6) months shall
grade level as that of public-school teachers, police
be appointed Chief.
officers assigned in Metro Manila, chartered cities
-the PNP shall be composed of a national office, regional and first-class municipalities may be paid financial
offices, provincial offices, district offices, and city or incentives by the local government unit concemed
municipal stations. subject to availability of funds.

PROVINCIAL POLICE OFFICES GENERAL QUALIFICATIONS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE

PNP (RA 6975, as amended by RA 8551 and RA 9708)
-for every region, there are provincial offices, each
headed by a Provincial Director in large provinces, police 1. A citizen of the Philippines,
districts may be established to be headed by a District
2. A person of good moral conduct;
Director at the city or municipal levels or stations, each
is neaded by a Chief of Police 3. Must have passed the psychiatric/psychological, drug
and physical tests to be administered by the PNP or by
DISTRICT OFFICES NCRPO is divided into five (5)
any NAPOLCOM accredited government hospital for the
districts, each headed by a District Director:
purpose of determining physical and mental health,
1. Manila Police District (MPD) (formerly Western
4. Must possess a formal baccalaureate degree from a
Police District)- Manila
recognized institution of learning;
2. Eastern Police District (EPD) Marikina, Pasig, San
5. Must be eligible in accordance with the standards set
Juan and Mandaluyong,
by the Commission
3. Northern Police District (NPD) Caloocan, Malabon,
6. Must not have been dishonorably discharged from
Navotas and Valenzuela (CAMANAVA)
military employment or dismissed for cause from any
4. Quezon City Police District (QCPD) - (formerly known civilian position in the Government;
as Central; Police District-Quezon City
7. Must not have been convicted by final judgment of an
5. Southern Police District (SPD) Pasay, Makati, offense or crime involving moral turpitude;
Paranaque, Las Pinas, Muntinlupa, Taguig and Pateros
8. Must be at least one meter and sixty-two centimeters
MANNING LEVELS RATIO) (POLICE-TO-POPULATION (1.62 m) in height for male and one meter and fifty-
seven (1.57 m) for female:
1:500-nationwide average
New Height Requirement RA 11549, lowers the
1:1000-minimum police-to-population ratio minimum height requirement for male applicants in the
said law enforcement agencies from 1.62 meters to 1.57
meters. For female applicants, the original height limit
KEY POSITIONS AND THEIR CORRESPONDING RANKS IN of 1.57 meters is lowered to 1.52 meters
THE PNP
9. Must weigh not more or less than five kilograms
 Chief highest position in the PNP, with the rank of (5kgs) from the standard weight corresponding to his or
Director General. her height, age and sex; and
 Deputy Chief for Administration the second-in 10. For a new applicant, must not be less than twenty-
command, with the rank of Deputy Director one (21) nor more than thirty (30) years of age Pursuant
General. to RA 9708, "...PNP members who are already in the
 Deputy Chief for Operations the third- in-command, service upon the effectivity of Republic Act No. 8551
with the rank of Deputy Director General Chief shall be given five (5) years to obtain the minimum
educational qualification preferably in law enforcement
 Directorial Staff with the rank of Deputy Director related courses, to be reckoned from the date of the
effectivity of this amendatory Act: Provided,
 General Head of Directorial Staff with the rank of
furthermore, That for concerned PNP members
 Director NCR Director with the rank of DIRECTOR rendering more than fifteen (15) years of service and
who have exhibited exemplary performance as
 Regional Director with the rank of Chief
determined by the Commission, shall no longer be
Superintendent
required to comply with the aforementioned minimum
 Provincial Director- with the rank of Senior educational requirement.

 Superintendent NCR District Director with the rank EXAMINATION AND ELIGIBILITY
of
The National Police Commission shall administer the Program (FTP) involving actual experience and
entrance and promotional examinations for police assignment in patrol, traffic and investigation.
officers on the basis of the standards set by the
Commission (as amended by RA 8551).
APPOINTMENT UNDER WAIVER PROGRAM
POLICE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION
(NAPOLCOM MC No. 2007-009)
applicants of the PNP taken by
1) Conditions on waivers for initial appointment to the
-POLICE PROMOTIONAL EXAMINATIONS-taken by PNP
service police officers as part of the mandatory
a) The age, height and weight for initial appointment to
requirements for promotion.
the PNP may be waived only when the number of
POLICE OFFICER EXAMINATION SENIOR POLICE qualified applicants falls below the approved
OFFICER EXAMINATION INSPECTOR EXAMINATION national/regional quota. b) The Commission en banc
SUPERINTENDENT EXAMINATION NAPOLCOM may grant age, height and weight waiver. The
MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR NO. 2008- 003 NAPOLCOM Regional Director may grant height waiver
to a member of an indigenous group.
The appropriate eligibilities for PO1 are those acquired
from the following: b) Waiver of the age requirement may be granted
provided that the applicant shall not be less than twenty
-NAPOLCOM PNP Entrance Examination R.A. 11131
(20) nor more than thirty-five (35) years of age.
-(R.A. No. 6506) (Licensed Criminologist) baccalaureate
c) Waiver of the height requirement may be granted to
degree) (RA 11131) as amended:
a male applicant who is at least 1 meter and 57 cm
-R.A. No. 1080 (Bar and Board Examinations of (1.57m) and to a female applicant who is at least 1
meter and 52cm (1.52m). Provided, that the minimum
-P.D. 907 (Granting Civil Service Eligibility to College height requirement for applicants who belong to
Honor Graduates)Civil Service Professional indigenous group duly certified by the Office of the
Muslim Affairs (OMA) or the National Commission on
Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) shall be 1.52m for male and
-NAPOLCOM MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR NO. 2008- 016 1.45m for female
Promotional Examinations Members of the Bar and
Licensed Criminologists whose profession are germane d) An applicant who is granted a weight waiver shall be
to law enforcement and police functions are no longer given reasonable time not exceeding six (6) months
required to take promotional examinations. Up to the within which to comply with the said requirement.
rank of Superintendent. Failure to attain the required weight shall cause the
termination from the service.

APPOINTMENT OF UNIFORMED PNP PERSONNEL

Patrolman/Patrolwoman to Police Executive Master 2) Factors to be Considered in the Grant of Waivers
Sergeant Appointed by the PNP Regional Director for a) Outstanding accomplishments or possession of
regional personnel or by the Chief PNP for the National special skills in law enforcement, police work, martial
Headquarters personnel. arts, marksmanship and similar skills;
Police Lieutenant to Police Lieutenant Colonel b) Special talents in the field of sports, music and
Appointed by the Chief of the PNP, as recommended by others:
their immediate superiors.
C.) Extensive experience or training in forensic science
Police Colonel to Police Lieutenant General Appointed and other technical services.
by the President Police General-Appointed by the
President from among the senior officers down to the 3) Selection Criteria under the waiver program
rank of Chief Superintendent.
a) Applicants who possess the least disqualifications
KINDS OF APPOINTMENT shall take precedence over those who possess more
disqualifications.
PERMANENT - when an applicant possesses the
upgraded general qualifications for appointment in the b) The requirement shall be waived in the following
PNP. TEMPORARY - Any PNP personnel who is admitted order:
due to the waiver of the educational or weight
1) Age
requirements.
2) Height
Any members who will fail to satisfy any of the waived
requirements with the specified time periods shall be 3) Weight
dismissed from the service.
LATERAL ENTRY OF OFFICERS INTO THE PNP
Pursuant to NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No.
1) In general, all original appointments of commissioned
2007-009, a newly recruited Patrolman/Patrolwoman
officers in the PNP shall commence with the rank of
shall be appointed in temporary status in twelve (12)
inspector, to include all those with highly technical
months pending compliance with the Field Training
qualifications applying for the PNP technical services 1. Regular Promotion
(R.A. 6975).
2. Special/ Meritorious/Spot Promotion
a). Senior Inspector
3. Promotion by virtue of position
1) Chaplain;

2) Member of the Bar,

I. Regular Promotion promotion granted to police
3) Doctor of Medicine officers meeting the mandatory requirements for
promotion.
b) Inspector

1) Dentist
MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR PROMOTION
2) Optometrists
1. Educational attainment
3) Nurses
2. Completion of training/schooling, such as:
4) Engineers
appropriate
5) Graduates of forensic science
 Master's Degree-Police Brigadier General and
6) Graduates of Philippine National Police Academy
above
Licensed criminologists may be appointed to the rank of
inspector to fill up any vacancy after promotions from  Officers Senior Executive Course (OSEC) Police
the ranks are completed
 Lieutenant Colonel to Police Colonel Officers
21 New policy on LATERAL ENTRY (NAPOLOCM MC Advance
2008- 006 a) A person with highly technical
 Course (OAC) - Police Major Officers Basic Course
qualifications such as
(OBC)
1) Dentist
 Police Captain. FFIC Officers Candidate Course
2) Optometrist (OCC)-

3) Nurse  Police Executive Master Sergeant (PEMS) Senior

4) Engineer  Leadership Course (SLC) Police Chief Master

Sergeant to
5) Graduate of Forensic Science
 PEMS Junior Leadership Course (JLC) - Police Staff
6) Doctor of Medicine
 Sergeant to Police Master Sergeant
7) Member of the Philippine Bar
3. Time-in Grade the number of years required for a
8) Chaplain
police officer to hold a certain rank before he can be
9) Information Technologist promoted to the next higher rank. The time-in grade in
the PNP is maintained as follows (NAPOLCOM MC 2011-
10) Pilot 196)
11) ) Psychologist 2 years from Police Colonel to Police Brigadier General
b) Graduate of PNPA 3 years from Police Lieutenant Colonel to Police Colonel
c) Licensed Criminologist 5 years-Police Major to Police Lieutenant Colonel
3. Top priority consideration for lateral entry into the 5 years - Police Captain to Police Major
rank of Police Inspector shall be given to top ten (10)
placers of the different Licensure Examinations. 4 years-Police Lieutenant Police Captain
However, incumbent PNP members who landed in the
3 years - Police Executive Master Sergeant to Police
top ten shall be given fist preference over the civilian
Lieutenant
provided that the qualifications are satisfied.
3 years Police Chief Master Sergeant to Police Executive
4. The maximum age of PNP members applicants
Master Sergeant
through lateral entry shall be forty-six (46) years old at
the time of appointment. Age waivers shall not be 3 years - Police Senior Master Sergeant to Police Chief
allowed. Master Sergeant

THE PNP PROMOTION SYSTEM 3 years Police Master Sergeant to Police Senior Master
Sergeant
Promotion is defined as the upward movement from
one classification or rank to another carrying higher 3 years - Police Staff Sergeant to Police Master Sergeant
benefits and more responsibility. It is the upgrading of
3 year - Police Corporal to Police Staff Sergeant
ranks and/or advancement to a position of leadership.
4 years-Patrolman/woman to Police Corporal
KINDS OF PROMOTION
4. Appropriate eligibility the required promotional d. Conduct of rescue/disaster operations that resulted
examinations in the saving of lives and properties.

a. Police Officer Promotional Examination 2.An act of heroism exhibited in the face of an armed
enemy or in the conduct of rescue/disaster operations
b. Senior Police Officer Promotional Examination
resulting in the loss of life (posthumous promotions).
c. Police Inspector Promotional Examination

d. Police Superintendent Promotional Examination

Posthumous Award in case an individual died before
Except for the Chief, PNP, no PNP member who has less
the granting of the awards.
than one (1) year of service before reaching the
compulsory retirement age shall be promoted to a II. PROMOTION BY VIRTUE OF POSITION (Section 32.
higher rank or appointed to any other position. Pursuant R.A. 8551) Any PNP personnel designated to any key
to RA 9708, ...In addition, the institution of a criminal position whose rank is lower than that which is required
action or complaint against a police officer shall not be a for such position shall, after six (6) months of occupying
bar to promotion: Provided, however, That upon finding the same, be entitled to a rank adjustment
of probable cause, notwithstanding any challenge that corresponding to the position. Provided, that the
may be raised against that finding thereafter, the personnel shall not be reassigned to a position calling
concerned police officer shall be ineligible for for a higher rank until after two (2) years from the date
promotion: Provided, further, That if the case remains of such rank adjustment.
unresolved after two (2) years from the aforementioned
III. ATTRITION (RA 8551)
determination of probable cause, he or she shall be
considered for promotion. Refers to the retirement or separation from police
service of PNP uniformed personnel pursuant to any of
the means mentioned in Section 24 to 29 of RA 8551
In the event he or she is held guilty of the crime by final and other means as provided in NAPOLCOM
judgment, said promotion shall be recalled without Memorandum Circular No. 2008-005.)
prejudice to the imposition of the appropriate penalties
MODES OF ATTRITION
under applicable laws, rules and regulations: Provided,
furthermore, that if the complaint filed against the a) Attrition by attainment of Maximum Tenure in
police officer is for a crime including, but not Limited to, Position. Maximum Tenure in Position refers to the
a violation of human rights, punishable by reclusion maximum cumulative period for a PNP member to hold
perpetua or life imprisonment, and the court has a Particular position level. Position Maximum Tenure
determined that the evidence of guilt is strong, said Chief Four (4) years Deputy Chief Four (4) years Director
police officer shall be completely ineligible for of the Staff Services Four (4) years Regional Directors Six
promotion during the pendency of the said criminal (6) years Provincial/City Directors Nine (9) years
case. II. Special Promotion promotion granted to police
officers who have exhibited acts of conspicuous courage b) Attrition by Relief - A PNP uniformed personnel who
and gallantry at the risk of his/her life above and beyond has been relieved for just cause and has not been given
the call of duty. Conspicuous courage is a courage that is an assignment within two (2) years after such relief R
clearly distinguished above others in the performance (5 )
duty. of one's c) Attrition by demotion in position or rank Any PNP
ACTS OF CONSPICUOUS COURAGE AND GALLANTRY personnel, civilian or uniformed, who are relieved and
(NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No. 2007-003 and assigned to a position lower than what is established for
PNP Memorandum Circular No. 2009-019) his or her grade in the PNP staffing pattern and who
shall not be assigned to a position commensurate to his
1. A deed of personal bravery and self-sacrifice above or her grade within EIGHTEEN (18) MONTHS after such
and beyond the call of duty, so conspicuous as to demotion shall be retired or separated.
distinguish the act clearly over and above his/her
comrades in the performance of more than ordinary d) Attrition by non-promotion Any PNP personnel who
hazardous service, such as; but not limited to the has not been promoted for a continuous period of TEN
following circumstances: (10) YEARS shall be retired or separated

a. Overwhelming number of enemies and firepower e) Attrition by other means -Any PNP member or office
capability as against the strength of PNP operatives and with at least five (5) years of accumulated active Service
their firepower capability; shall be separated based on any of the following:

b. Infiltration and penetration of the safehouses and 1. Inefficiency based on poor performance during the
hideouts of organized crime syndicates likekidnapping, last two (2) successive annual rating periods; Poor
Illegal drugs, carmapping, hijacking and terrorism, performance refers to the poor rating in the
promulgated PNP Performance Evaluation Rating
c. Shoot-out in robbery/hold-up incidents inside public System.
places such as:
2. Inefficiency based on poor performance for three (3)
malls, government offices, business establishments and Cumulative annual rating periods:
PUVS;
3. Physical and/or mental incapacity to perform police a) Provincial Governor power to choose the PNP
functions and duties; Provincial Director from a list of 3 eligible candidates
recommended by the PNP Regional Director.
4. Failure to pass the required entrance examinations
twice and/or finish the required career course except for oversee the implementation of the provincial public
justifiable reasons; safety plan.

5. Refusal to take periodic PNP Physical Fitness Test b) City and Municipal Mayors have the power to choose
without justifiable reason. Physical Fitness Test refers to his CHIEF OF POLICE from a list of five (5) eligible
the method of evaluating the physical condition of PNP candidates recommended by the provincial police
members in terms of stamina, strength, speed and director.
agility.
-he has the authority to recommend to the provincial
6. Failure to take PNP Physical Fitness Test for four (4) director the transfer, reassignment or detail of PNP
consecutive periodic tests due to health reasons; members outside of their respective city or town.

7. Failure to pass PNP Physical Fitness Test for two (2) -authority to recommend from a list of eligible
consecutive periodic tests or four (4) cumulative candidates, the appointment of new members of the
periodic tests; or PNP to be assigned in respective cities.

8. Non-compliance with the minimum qualification -exercise operational supervision and control over PNP
standards for the permanency or original appointment. units in their jurisdiction, except during 30 days
immediately preceding and 30 days following any
RETIREMENT OR SEPARATION UNDER THE ATTRITION
national, local and barangay elections.
SYSTEM Any personnel who is dismissed from the PNP
pursuant to different ways mentioned shall be retired if -During the election period, local police forces shall be
he or she has rendered at least twenty (20) years of under the supervision and control of the COMELEC
service and separated if he or she has rendered less Operational Supervision and Control means the power
than twenty (20) years of service, unless the personnel to direct, supervise, and oversee the day-to-day
is disqualified by law to receive such benefits. functions of police investigation of crime, crime
RETIREMENT the separation of the police personnel prevention activities and traffic control.
from the service by reason of reaching the age of
-shall also include the power to direct the employment
retirement provided by law, or upon completion of
and deployment of units or elements of the PNP,
certain number of years in active service. A PNP
through the station commander to ensure public safety
uniformed personnel shall retire to the next higher rank
and effective maintenance of peace and order within
for purposes of retirement pay.
the locality. -Employment-refers to utilization of units or
KINDS OF RETIREMENT elements of the PNP for purposes of protection of lives
and properties, enforcement of laws, maintenance of
a) Compulsory for officer and non-officer, upon the
peace and order, prevention of crimes, arrest of criminal
attainment of age Fifty-Six (56). Provided, in case of any
offenders and bringing the offenders to justice and
officer with the rank of Police Brigadier General, Police
ensuring public safety, particularly in the suppression of
Major General or Police Lieutenant General, the
disorders, riots, lawlessness, violence, rebellious and
Commission may allow his retention in the service for an
seditious conspiracy, Insurgency, subversion or other
unextendible period of one (1) year.
related activities.
b) Optional upon accumulation of at least Twenty (20)
-Deployment shall mean the orderly and organized
years of satisfactory active service.
physical movement of elements or units of the PNP
RETIREMENT BENEFITS within the province, city or municipality for purposes of
employment
Monthly retirement pay shall be FIFTY PERCENT of the
base pay in case of twenty years of active service,
increasing by TWO AND ONE-HALF PERCENT (2.5%) for
SUSPENSION OR WITHDRAWAL OF DEPUTATION
every year of active service rendered beyond twenty
years. (50%) CREATION OF WOMEN'S DESK provided Unless reversed by the President, the NAPOLCOM may,
under RA 8551 women's desk in all police stations shall after consultation with the provincial governor and
administer and attend to cases involving crimes against congressman concerned, suspend or withdraw the
chastity, sexual harassment, abuses committed against deputation of any local executives on any of the
women and children and other similar offenses. the PNP following ground
shall reserve TEN PERCENT (10%) of its annual
1. Frequent unauthorized absences;
recruitment, training and education quota for women. -
policewomen shall enjoy the same opportunities in 2. Abuse of authority:
terms of assignment, promotion and other benefits and
privileges extended to all police officers 3. Providing material support to criminal elements, or
4.Engaging in acts inimical to national security or which
POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS OVER THE negate the effectiveness of the peace and order
PNP UNITS Governors and Mayors are deputized as campaign.
representatives of the NAPOLCOM in their respective
territorial jurisdiction.
POLICE INSPECTION 2. Breach of Internal Discipline- Any offense committed
by a member of the PNP involving minor offense and
The purpose of police inspection is to ascertain the
affecting order and discipline within the police
standard policies and procedures, review and analyze
organization.
the performance, activities and facilities affecting
operations and to look into the morale, needs and 3. Summary Dismissal Cases With notice and without
general efficiency of the police organization in notice.
maintaining law and order. Types of Police Inspection

1. Authoritative Inspection-conducted by the head of

Administrative Offenses the Disciplinary System
subordinate units on a regular basis.
Covered by
2. Staff Inspection-conducted by the staff for and In
1. Neglect of duty or nonfeasance it is the omission or
behalf of the Chief PNP or superior officers in command
refusal, without sufficient excuse, to perform an act or
of various units or departments.
duty, which it was the peace officer's legal obligation to
perform;

Nature of Police Inspection 2 Irregularities in the performance of duty- it is the

improper performance of some act which might lawfully
1. Internal Affairs inspection on internal affairs embraces
be done.
administration, training, operation, intelligence,
Investigation, morale and discipline as well as the 3. Misconduct or Malfeasance it is the doing, either
financial condition of the police organization, through ignorance, inattention or malice, of that which
the officer had no legal right to do at all, as where the
2. External Affairs it embraces the community
acts without his authority whatsoever, or exceeds,
relationship of the organization, the crime and vice
whatsoever or abuses his
situation of the locality, and the prevailing public
opinion concerning the integrity and reputation of the 4 Incompetency it is the manifest lack of adequate
personnel. Authority to Inspect In the ability and fitness for the satisfactory Performance of
police duties. This has reference to any physical, moral
PNP, the following have the authority to conduct
or intellectual quality the lack of which substantially
inspection: 1. NAPOLCOM or its representative
incapacitates one to perform the duties of a peace
2.NP Chief or his designated representative officer.

3. PNP Director for Personnel or his representative 5 Oppression it imports an act of cruelty, severity,
unlawful exaction, domination, or excessive use of
4. PNP Regional Director or his representative authority. The exercise of the unlawful powers or other
5. . City/Municipal Chief of Police or his representative means, in depriving an individual of his liberty or
Internal Affairs Service (IAS under RA 8551) property against his will, is generally an act of
oppression.
6. The inspecting officer/s shall examine, audit, inspect
police agencies in accordance with existing standards 6.Dishonesty it is the concealment or distortion of truth
and with the following objectives: in a matter of fact relevant to one's office, or connected
with the performance of his duties.
1. To take note or discover defects and irregularities
7 Disloyalty to the Government-it consists of
2. To effect corrections on minor defects being abandonment or renunciation of one's loyalty to the
discovered Government of the Philippines, or advocating to
3. To bring to the attention of and recommend to the overthrow of the government.
concerned officers for appropriate actions on defects
noted.
Violation of Law
Where the irregularity noted during inspection is serious
as to warrant administrative charges against a police this presupposes conviction n court of any crime or
officer, the inspecting officer shall immediately file the offense penalized under the Revised Penal Code or any
necessary charge or charges before the appropriate special law or ordinance.
disciplinary action offices. Acts Constituting BREACH OF DISCIPLINE in the PNP:
The PNP Disciplinary System Offenses Subjected to 1. Simple misconduct and negligence
Police Administrative Disciplinary System 1. Citizen's
Complaints- A formal charge initiated by a natural or 2. Insubordination Frequent absences or tardiness
juridical person or his/its duly authorized representative
3. Habitual drunkenness
or guardian on account of an injury.. damage, or
disturbance sustained due to irregular or illegal act or 4. Gambling prohibited by law
omission of a PNP member.
Summary Dismissal Cases

1. With Due Notice and Summary Hearing

1.1 When the charge is serious, and evidence of guilt 1. National Police Commission
strong When the respondent police officer is a recidivist
2. PNP Chief
has been repeatedly charged, and there are reasonable
rounds to believe that he is guilty of the charges. 3. PNP Regional Directors
1.2 When the respondent police officer is guilty of a
serious offense involving conduct unbecoming of a
police officer. Disciplinary Appellate Boards/Bodies

2. Immediate Dismissal-When, the PNP Officer, goes on 1. Regional Appellate Board (RAB) and National
he absence without leave (AWOL) for a continuous Appellate Board (NAB) of the National Police
period of thirty (30) days or more. Commission (NAPOLCOM) 2. Secretary of the
Department of Interior and Local Government (SDILG)

3. Civil Service Commission (CSC)

Disciplinary COMPLAINTS Authorities ON CITIZEN'S

1. Chief of Police-Offense is punishable by withholding

privileges, restriction to specified limits, suspension or Regional Appellate Board (RAB) Composition of the
forfeiture of salary, or any combination hereof, for a RAB
period not exceeding fifteen (15) days. 1. Senior Officer of the NAPOLCOM Regional Office-
2. Mayors of Cities or Municipalities- The offense is Chairperson
punishable by the withholding of privileges, restriction 2. One (1) representative each from the PNP- Member
to specified limits, suspension or forfeiture of salary, or (term of 3 years)
any combination thereof, for not less than sixteen (16)
days but not exceeding thirty (30) days. 3. Regional Peace and Order Council- Member (term of
3 years)
3. People's Law Enforcement Board (PLEB)- Offense is
punishable by withholding privileges, restricting Cases Appealable to the RAB:
specified limits, suspension or forfeiture of salary, or any 1. Decisions of the PLEB where the penalty is
combination thereof, for a period exceeding thirty (30) DEMOTION OR DISMISSAL from the service;
days; demotion or by dismissal from the service.
2. Decisions of the PNP Regional Director or equivalent
Disciplinary Authorities on BREACH OF INTERNAL supervisor, where the penalty imposed is
DISCIPLINE
DEMOTION OR DISMISSAL from the service:
1. Chiefs of Police or Equivalent Supervisors- The
imposable penalty is a warning; reprimand; restriction 3. Decisions of city and municipal Mayors in cases falling
to specified limits, withholding of privileges; forfeiture within their respective jurisdictions; and
of salary or suspension; or any combination thereof:
4. Disciplinary recommendations of the Regional IAS
Provided, that in all cases, the total period shall not
were not acted upon by the PNP regional director on
exceed fifteen (15) days.
equivalent supervisor within thirty (30) days from
2. Provincial Directors or Equivalent Supervisors- The submission by the Regional IAS, where the
imposable penalty is warning or reprimand; restrictive recommended penalty is DEMOTION OR DISMISSAL
custody; withholding of privileges; forfeiture of salary or from the service.
suspension; or any combination of the foregoing:
Effect of the Failure of RAB to Decide on Appeal Cases
Provided, that in all cases, the total period shall not
within the Reglementary Period of 60 Days
exceed thirty (30) days.
1. The decision of the disciplinary authority shall
3. Regional Directors or Equivalent Supervisors-The
become final without prejudice to the filing of an appeal
offense(s) is punishable by dismissal from the service,
by the party adversely affected to the SILG;
warning or reprimand; restrictive custody; withholding
of privileges; suspension or forfeiture of salary; 2. The RAB concerned shall automatically make a
demotion; or any combination of the foregoing: written explanation to the NAPOLCOM en Banc on its
Provided that in all cases. The total period shall not failure to do so; and
exceed sixty (60) days.
3.The NAPOLCOM en Banc shall order the conduct of
4. Chief of the PNP- Offense(s) is punishable by investigation against the RAB Chair and PNP
dismissal from the service, demotion, suspension, or representative concerned if it appears from the
forfeiture of salary, or any combination thereof for a explanation that evident neglect of duty was
period not exceeding one hundred eighty (180) days. committed.
Restrictive custody during the pendency of a grave
National Appellate Board (NAB) Composition of the
administrative or criminal case against the erring police
NAB: vice-chairperson
officer.
1. and Executive Officer- Chairperson
Disciplining Authorities on SUMMARY DISMISSAL
CASES (N.C.R.) 2 Four (4) Regular Commissioners
Cases Appealable to the NAB: -the national office shall be headed by the Inspector
General, the regional offices by a Director, and the
1. Decisions of the Chief, PNP where the penalty
provincial offices by a Superintendent
Imposed is DEMOTION OR DISMISSAL from the service;
ENTRY QUALIFICATIONS TO IAS
2 Disciplinary recommendations of the Inspector
General, IAS that were not acted upon by the Chief, PNP -entry shall be voluntary
within thirty (30) days from submission by the Inspector
-PNP personnel with at least five (5) years' experience in
General, IAS where the recommended penalty is
law enforcement
DEMOTION OR DISMISSAL; and 3. The decision of the
Inspector General affirming the Resolution of the -with no derogatory service record
Regional IAS, dismissing the complaint about lack of
probable cause. -members of the bar may enter the service laterally

Cases Appealable to Secretary to the SILG: Decisions of POLICE DISCIPLINARY MECHANISM

the NAB and the RAB Cases Appealable to the CSC: Aside from higher police management levels that can
1. Decisions of the SILG in the exercise of its appellate impose disciplinary actions against subordinates, the
jurisdiction following also serve as disciplinary mechanisms in the
police service: Administrative Disciplinary Powers of the
2 Decisions of the NAPOLCOM en banc as summary
dismissal authority Local Chief Executive (LCE) - The City and Municipal
Mayors shall have the power to impose, after due notice
INTERNAL AFFAIRS SERVICE (IAS) -created by RA 8551 and summary hearings, disciplinary penalties for minor
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE IAS: offenses committed by members of the PNP assigned in
their respective jurisdictions as provided in Section 41 of
-pro-actively conduct inspections and audits on PNP
Republic Act No. 6975, as amended by Section 52 of
personnel and units; Investigate complaints and gather
Republic Act No. 8551.
evidence in support of an open investigation;
PLEB-the PLEB (People's Law Enforcement Board) is the
-conduct summary hearings on PNP members facing
central receiving entity for any citizen's complaint
administrative charges;
against PNP members. As such, every citizen's
-Submit a periodic report on the assessment, analysis, complaint, regardless of the imposable penalty for the
and evaluation of the character and behavior of PNP offense alleged, shall be filed with the PLEB of the city
personnel and units to the Chief PNP and the or municipality where the offense was allegedly
Commission; e appropriate criminal cases against PNP committed. Upon receipt and docketing of the
members before the court as evidence warrants and complaint, the PLEB shall immediately determine
assists in the prosecution of the case, provide assistance whether the offense alleged therein is grave, less grave
to the Office of the Ombudsman in cases involving the or minor.
personnel of the PNP;
Should the PLEB find that the offense alleged is grave or
less grave, the Board shall assume jurisdiction to hear
and decide the complaint by serving summons upon the
The IAS shall also conduct, motu proprio (on its own
respondent within three (3) days from receipt of the
initiative), automatic investigation of the following
complaint. If the PLEB finds that the offense alleged is
cases: -
minor, it shall refer the complaint to the Mayor or Chief
-incidents where police personnel discharge a firearm; - of Police, as the case may be, of the city or municipality
incidents where death, serious physical injury, or any - where the PNP member is assigned within three (3) days
Violation of human rights occurred in the conduct of a upon the filing
police -operation; incidents where evidence was
If the city or municipality where the offense was
compromised, tampered with, obliterated, or lost while
committed has no PLEB, the citizen's complaint shall be
in the custody of police personnel;
filed with the regional or provincial office of the
- incidents where a suspect in the custody of the police Commission (NAPOLCOM) nearest the residence of the
was seriously injured; and complainant.

-incidents where the established rules of engagement

have been violated.
PEOPLE'S LAW ENFORCEMENT BOARD (PLEB) a
ORGANIZATION OF IAS headed by the INSPECTOR
- a body created pursuant to RA 6975.
GENERAL who is a CIVILIAN and appointed by the
President upon the Recommendation of the Director - one of the disciplinary authorities of the PNP
General (Chief, PNP) the Inspector General shall be authorized to handle and investigate citizen's complaint.
assisted by a Deputy Inspector General there shall be
-the central receiving entity for any citizen's complaint
national, regional and provincial offices
against the PNP members created by Sangguniang
Panlungsod/Pambayan in every city and municipality as
may be necessary.
-there shall be at least one (1) PLEB for every five KABAYANIHAN (PNP SECRETAR P OF ONE
hundred shall be the (500) city or municipal police DISTINGUISED Y DEPENDENT
personnel. CONDUCT AT PNPA &P
900.00 CASH
- membership in the PLEB is a civic duty. COMPOSITION
OF PLEB composed of five (5) members who shall be as 3 MEDALYA NG DILG CASH OF
follows: -any member of Panlungsod/Pambayan. the KATAPATAN SA SECRETAR P500.00
Sangguniang PAGLILINGKOD (PNP Y
DISTINGUISED
-any barangay chairman of the locality concerned.
SERVICE MEDAL)
-three other members to be chosen by the local peace
4 MEDALYA NG CHIEF PNP CASH OF
and order council from among the members of the
KATAPANGAN (PNP P500.00
community.
BRAVERY MEDAL)
-for the three other members, the following conditions
5 MEDALYA NG CHIEF PNP TOUR FOR 2
must be met
KATANGIANG GAWA TWO OF
-one must be a woman (PNP OUTSTANDING RECOM Hqs
ACHIEVEMENT AND
-one must be a lawyer, or a college graduate, or the
MEDAL) PARADE
principal of an elementary school in the locality
HONORS AT
-the CHAIRMAN of the PLEB shall be elected from GHQ PNP
among its members the term of office of the members
6 MEDALYA NG CHIEF PNP
of the PLEB is
PAMBIHIRANG
PAGLILINGKOD (PNP
SPECIAL SERVICE
THREE (3) YEARS DISCIPLINARY APPELLATE BOARDS
MEDAL)
-formal administrative disciplinary appellate machinery
7 MEDALYA NG RD/DSS CASH OF
of the National Police Commission. tasked to hear cases
KADAKILAAN(PNP P400.00
on appeal from the different disciplinary authorities in
HEROISM MEDAL)
the PNP
8 MEDALYA NG RD/DSS ONE WEEK
KATANGIANG SERVICE
ADMINISTRATIVE PENALTIES ASAL(PNP CREDITS
OUTSTANDING
1. Withholding of privileges CONDUCT MEDAL)
2. Restriction to specified limits
9 MEDALYA NG RD/DSS CASH OF
3. Restrictive custody KAGALINGAN(PNP P200.00
MEDAL OF MERIT) AND
4. Forfeiture of salary SERVICE
5. Suspension CREDIT OF
ONE DAY
6. Any combination of the penalties above (1 to 5) One
(1) rank demotion a Dismissal from the service 1 MEDALYA NG RD/DSS LEAVE
0 KASANAYAN (PNP CREDITS OF
PNP AWARDS, CITATION BADGES, GRANTING EFFECIENCY MEDAL) 3 DAYS
AUTHORITY & INCENTIVES (NAPOLCOM MC. NO.93-
018) 1 MEDALYA NG RD/DSS LEAVE
1 PAPURI (PNP CREDIT OF
AWARDS GRANTING INCENTIVES RECOMMENDATION 5DAYS
AUTHORIT MEDAL)
Y
1 MEDALYA NG RD/DSS P600.00
1 Medalya ng PRESIDEN SCHOLARSHI 2 SUGGATANG CASH &
Kagitingan (PNP T P OF ALL MAGITING(PNP LEAVE
MEDAL OF VALOR) QUALIFIED WOUNDED CREDIT OF
CHILDREN PERSONNEL MEDAL) 5DAYS
AT PNPA,
P1,000.00 1 MEDALYA NG RD/DSS LEAVE
CASH AND 3 UGNAYANG CREDIT OF 3
PARADE PAMPULISYA(POLOI DAYS
HONORS AT CE RELATIONS
GHQ PNP& MEDAL
HRECOMs 1 MEDALYA NG RD/DSS LEVAE
2 MEDALYA NG DILG SCHOLARSHI 4 MABUTING CREDIT OF 3
 ASAL(PNP GOOD DAYS
CONDUCT MEDAL)

1 MEDALYA NG RD/DSS SERVICE

5 PAGLILINGKOD (PNP CREDIT OF
SERVICE MEDAL)

Note: For every five (5) letters of commendation, a

Medalya ng Papuri may be awarded to any PNP Member