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SOLUTIONS Put sin x – cos x =z

Indefinite Integration  (cosx + sinx) dx = dz
dx Also sin2x + cos2x – 2 sinx cosx = z2
1. (d)  9  16 sin 2
x  sin 2x = 1 – z2
2
dx sec x dx 2 dz
=  9 cos 2
x  25 sin x
2
=  9  25 tan 2
x
 I    2 sin
1
zc
1 z
2

dz 1 dz
=  9  25 z 2
  2
(z= tan x) = 2 sin
1
 sin x  cos x   c
25 3
z  
2

5 1 tan x  1
= 2 tan c
1 1 1 z 2 tan x
=  tan c
25 3 / 5 3/5 dx dx
5. (a)   
1 5z 1 5 tan x 2 ax  x a  x  a
2 2 2
1 1
= tan c tan c
15 3 15 3
xa
dx dx = sin  1  c
2. (c) I   x   .  a 
x x  x 1 
6. (a) Differentiating both sides, we have
Put x =z
1 1  sin x  f  x 
 dx = dz
2 x 2 3
= (1+sinx)1/2 cosx
2 dz 3 2
 I   z 1  f(x) = cos x
= 2 log z+1+c = 2 log  x 1 + c  7. (c) Put x = t2  dx = 2t dt

cot x cos x x dx
3. (a)  dx   dx  
 sin x 
3/ 2
sin x 1 x
2
t dt
dz = 2
z 1 t
2
= 3/2
, where z = sin x
 
1
 1/ 2
= 2 1   dt
z 2  1 t 
2

= c c
1
 z = 2(t – tan–1 t) + c
2
= 2 x  2 tan  1 x c
2
=  c 1
 tan x 1
dx
sin x 8. (d)

   
1 1 1
4. (b) Let I = tan x  co t x d x = tan x x 1 x  2 x
x dx

2  sin x  cos x 
(integrating by parts)
=  dx
= x tan  1
1 x dx
sin 2 x x
2
 1 x
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1
   e  tan x  sec x  dx
x 2
= x tan  1 x 2 x  tan
1
x c
=
2 
(by question 7) = e x tan x  c

= x tan  1 x x  tan
1
x c 2
x tan
1
x
3

12. (b)  1 x
6
dx
=  x  1 tan 1
x x c 2
1 3x
  tan 1 x
1 3
2
cos ec x dx = x dx
 1  cos x 
6
9. (a) 3

 dx
1
  tan  tan
1 3 1 3
dx  = x x
 cos ec x  cos ec
2 x cot x dx
= 3
1
  tan 
2
1
= – cot x + cosec x + c = x
3
c
6
1  cos x
x 1
2
= c
sin x 13. (a)  xx 2
 1
dx

2 x
2 sin
x 1
2
2
=
x x
c =  x  x  1  x  1 dx
2 sin co s
2 2  1 1 1
10. (c)
=   x

x 1
  dx
x 1
dx
 f   t  cos t  f   t  sin t  f ( t ) sin t  f  t  cos  t  = log lx – 1l + log lx + 1l – log lxl + c
dt

x 1
2
=  f   t   f   t   cos t = lo g c
dy x
  f   t  sin t  f   t  cos t  f   t  cos t  f  t  sin t
6
dt sin x
=   f   t   f   t   sin t
14. (b)  cos 8
x
dx

1/ 2 6
  dx  2  dy  2  sin x 1
     
=  cos 6
x cos x
 2
dx

  dt   dt  

 tan x  sec x dx
6 2
1/ 2
=
=   f   t   f  t    cos t  sin t  
2 2 2

  tan x
7

= c
= f   t   f  t  7

 sec xdx   sec x  sec x dx

3 2
15. (a) Let I =
1/ 2
  dx  2  dy  2 
 1  tan x  sec x d x
2 2
=       dt =
  dt   dt  
Put tan x = z,  sec2 x dx = dz
= f   t   f  t   c
I=  1  z dz
2

 e 1  tan x  tan x  dx
x 2
11. (a)
z z 1
2
1
 log z  z 1  c
2
=
2 2
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tan x  sec x 1 dx 2dt
=  log  tan x  sec x   c  
x  p x  p q p
3/2
2 2
e
x
2  x  2

16. (a)  dx 2 dt 2 xq

1  x  1 x
2
 I    c
pq pq x p
e
x
1  x 2
 1

 
= dx n

1  x  1 x  x  z
2
1 x
2 19. (b) Let

 1  x 2    
 
n 1
1 x
= e   n 1 x  x   1  dx  dz
2
  dx
x

 1  x  1  x 2 1  x  1  x 2   1 x
2


 
n
 1 x 1  1 x  x
2

=  ex    dx dz
 dx 
 1  x 2 1  x  1  x 2  1 x
2
n
 1 x d  1  x   Given integral =
dz 1
= e  x
    dx   zc
1  x  
n n
 1  x dx 
 
n
1
1 x  x c
2
=
1 x n
c
x
= e
1 x
dz dx
  x  1
1
20. (c)   
1  sin x 
1/ 2
x x
e
3 lo g x 4
17. (b) dx cos  sin
2 2
3 dx 1 dx
e  
log x
= =
x 1 x  
4
2
sin   
x dx
3 2 4
= x 4
1
1 x  
=
2
 cos ec  2   dx
4
3
1 4x
= x dx x  
4
4
1 log tan   
1 4 8 
= c
1
log  x  1   c
4 2 1
=
4 2
 x  
xq = 2 lo g  tan     c
18. (b) t
x p  4 x 
cos x  sin x
 x  p  1   x  q  1  cos x  sin x  2  2 sin 2 x  dx
1/ 2
1 xq  21. (a)
   x  dt
2x p x  p
2

 cos x  sin x   cos x  sin x 

2

1 q p = 2 dx
 dx  dt cos x  sin x
x  q x  p
3/ 2
2
= 2   cos x  sin x   cos x  sin x  dx

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  cos x  sin x  dx  x
2 2
= 1 2 x 1
= log  tan   sin x    sec  x
 2
tan
x 2 2
= 2  cos 2 x dx  sin 2 x  c 2
sinx dx + c (integrating by parts)
22. (a) Put x –  = z  x = z + 
 x sin xdx
 dx = dz
= sin x log  tan


2
 x x
c
2 sin cos
 Given integral 2 2

sin  z     cos  z     x
=  dz = sin x  log  tan


2
 dx  c
sin z
sin z cos  + cos z sin   x
= sin x  log  tan  xc
 cos z cos   sin z sin   2
=  sin z
dz
2x
=  cos   sin    dz
26. (a)  dx
1  x  2
x 1
4

cos z 2 x
+  sin   cos    dz = 
x  1
sin z 3/2
x 1
2 2

= (cos  – sin ) z + (sin  + cos )

Log l sin z l +c x 1
2

Put  z
= (cos  – sin ) (x – ) x 1
2

+ (sin  + cos ) log lsin (x – )l + c 1/ 2

x 2
 1  2 x   x  1 2 x
2
1  x 1
2

  2  dx  dz
tan 2 x  tan x 2  x 1 x  1
2
23. (b) tan 3 x  tan  2 x  x  
2

1  tan 2 x tan x
x 1 2 x
2
 tan3x – tan3x tan2x tan x = tan2x + tan x   dx  dz
 x  1
2
x 1
2 2
tan3x tan2x tanx =tan 3x – tan 2x – tan x
2 x
  tan 3 x tan 2 x tan x dx  dx  dz
 x  1
3/2
x 1
2 2
1 1
= log sec 3 x  log sec 2 x
3 2  Given integral =
 log sec x  c x 1
2

dx
 dz  z  c  x 1
2
c
24. (b) 
2x  7 x  7 x  12
2
e
2x
 2e
x

27. (c)  e
2x
1
dx
2 dx
= 
2x  7 2x  7
2 2x x
1 1 2e e dx
= e dx  2 
1 e 
2x 2
2 1
x

= sec 1
2x  7  c
1 dz
log  e  1  2 
2x
= ,
 x 2 z 1
2
25. (b)  cos x log  tan  dx
II
 I 2 where z =ex
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1
log  e  1   2 tan  x
=
2
2x 1
e   c
x
=
1
log tan     c
2 8 2
sin x
28. (a)  sin  x  a  dx 1 x  
= log tan     c
2 2 8
sin  x  a  a 
=  sin  x  a 
dx 31. (c) Put log x = t, i.e., x = e t so that dx
= et dt
sin  x  a  cos a  cos  x  a  sin a   t  1  t
2

=  sin  x  a 
dx   2 
e dt
 1 t 
cos  x  a 
= cos a  dx  sin a  dx  
1 2t
sin  x  a  = e  t
  dt
1  t
 1 t  
2 2
2

= (cos a) x + sin a log sin (x – a) + c  

1 x
= (x – a) cos a + sin a log sin (x – a) + c = et c c
1 t 1   log x 
2 2
n 1
dx x
29. (a) I   xx n
 1
  x x
n n
 1 tan x
32. (b)   sec x  tan x  dx
Putting xn = t so than n xn–1 dx = dt
tan x  sec x  tan x 
1
 xn – 1 dx = dt
n =   sec x  tan x   sec x  tan x  dx
1
dt
n 1 1 1  Multiplying Nr and Dr by (sec x – tan x),
 I      t  t  1  dt
t  t  1 n we get
tan x  sec x  tan x 
=
1
 log t  log  t  1   c
=   sec 2
x  tan x 
2
dx
n
 xn    sec x tan x  tan x  dx
2
1 =
= lo g  n c
n  x 1
 sec x tan x dx    sec x  1 dx
2
=
dx
30. (a) I   cos x  sin x =  sec x tan x dx   sec
2
x dx   1 dx
1 dx
=  = sec x – tan x + x + c
2 1 1
cos x .  sin x sec x dx sec x
2 2 33. (a)  cos 2 x
  cos x  sin x
2 2
dx
1 dx
=   
sec x dx
2
sin   x  =  1  tan x
2
 4 
1   {multiplying N’r and D’r by sec x}
=  cos ec  4  x  dx
2 Now putting tan x = t  sec2 x dx = dt ,we
get the integral = sin–1 t = sin–1 (tan x)

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
1
 x   1 dx
2
d sec x
sin  tan x   1 f
Trick: Since
1  tan x
2
dx  d 
= f 1
 x   dx    f
1
 x   dx  dx
sec x  cos x
2

= 
sec x  dx 
cos x  sin x
2 2
cos 2 x d
= xf 1
x   x f
1
 x  dx
dx
x x
3 2
x
34. (b)  dx   dx = xf 1
 x    xd  f 1  x 
x 2 x 2
2 2

Let f 1  x   t  x  f  t  and d  f 1  x   dx
Put x + 2 = t  x dx = t dt and x
2 2 2

= t2 – 2, then it reduces to = xf 1
 x    f  t  dt
t 2
 2
= xf 1  x   g  t   xf 1  x   g  f 1  x 
 t dt   t  2  dt
2

t Trick : Put f(x) = x2, then option (b) is correct

x  2 x  1  dx
3/2
3 2 4
4
t
 2  x  2
1/ 2 x dx dx
 2t  c  c
2
=
3 3
38. (a)
xx
5
  xx
5

xx
5

35. (b) I  
dx
x 4
 1  dx dx
a  x 2 2

3/2 =  x 1  x  4
  xx 4
 1
Put x = a tan   dx = a sec  d 2

dx dx
 I 
a sec 
2 =    xx 5

 d x
a 
3/ 2
 a tan 
2 2 2
= log x – f(x) – c2 + c1 = log x – f(x) + c
a sec 
2
1
=  d
 x sin x sec x dx   x sin x cos
3
39. (b) dx
 sec  
3/2 3
3 2
a x

d
 x tan x  sec
2
1 1 = x dx
 I  2  sec   2  cos  d 
a a
1
Now put tan x = t
= sin   c
a
2  sec2 x dx = dt and x = tan–1 t, then it
x reduces to
 I  c x tan x
2
1 1
x 
1/ 2 1 1
a  tan t  t dt   t
2 2 2
a tan t
2 2 2
36. (c) I   cos ec 4 x dx   cos ec 2 x  cos ec 2 x dx x  sec x  1 
2
1 1
=  tan x  x
 cos ec x 1  cot x  dx
2 2
= 2 2 2
1
 cos ec x dx   cot x  cos ec  x sec 2 x  tan x   c
2 2 2
= x dx =
2 
3
cot x
=  cot x  c 1  sin 2 x
e
2x
3 40. (c) dx dx
1 cos 2 x
37. (b)  f  x  dx  g  x 

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 1 sin 2 x  5 sin x dx
e  1  cos 2 x  1  cos 2 x   sin x  2 cos x
2x
= =
 

 sec 2 x   sin x  2 cos x   2  cos x  2 sin x  dx

= e
2x
  tan x  d x =  sin x  2 cos x
 2 
1  cos x  2 sin x  dx
e sec x dx   e  tan x dx  dx  2 
2x 2 2x
= =
2 sin x  2 cos x

e
2x
tan x e
2x
sec x
2
e
2x 2
sec x = x + 2 ln l sin x – 2 cos x l + k
=
2
  2
dx   2 a=2
dx + c 44. (c) sin3 x sin (x + ) = sin3 x (sinx cos
e
2x
tan x + cosx sin ) = sin4 x (cos+cot x sin)
= c 1
2 I   sin x sin  x  
dx
sin x dx
3

41. (c) 2
   1
sin  x  
 4
=  sin 2
x cos   cot x sin 
dx

   
sin  x    dx cos ec x
2

= 2
 4 4 =  cos   cot x sin 
dx
  
sin  x  
 4 I = –2 cosec  t + C
       = –2 cosec (cos + cotx sin)1/2 + C
= 2   cos  cot  x   sin  dx
 4  4 4 45. (a) Let x = tan  then dx = sec2  d
  
=  dx   cot  x   dx
4 Now y = 
dx
3

   1  x  2 2

= x  ln sin  x    c
 4
sec 
2
sec 
2

dx
=  3
d   3
d
42. (a)  cos  1  tan   2 2
 sec  2 2

3 sin x
1    sec 
2
d
=
2
 sec  x   dx
 3
=  sec 3

d   sec    cos  d 
1 x    x
= log tan      c Hence y = sin   c  c (i)
2 2 6 4
1 x
2

1 x  
= log tan    c  
2  2 12  x x
 tan   x   sin   
1 x 
2 2
 1
5 tan x dx
43. (d)  tan x  2 Given when x = 0, y = 0  from (i), 0 = 0 +
c  c = 0  from (i),

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x 1 dt
y=  I   4/5
 t
1/ 5
C
1 x
2
5 t
1/ 5
1  1 
 When x = 1, y = =  1  5  C
2  x 

 x  1 d x 1  x  5
1/ 5

46. (d) I   =  C
 x  1 x  x  x
3 2
x

x 2
 1  dx 49. (c)  g  x   f  x   f   x  dx
= 
x 2
 2 x  1 x x 2
3 2

=  g  x  f  x  dx   g  x   f   x  dx
 1 
 1  2  dx
 x  = f x   g  x  dx 
=  1  1
 x   2
 x 
x
x
1

  f   x   g  x  dx dx    g  x  f   x  dx
1 = f  x g  x
Putting x  1  u ,
2

x
2 udu   g  x  f   x  dx   g  x  f   x  dx  C
1
 I   u 2
 1  u
 2 tan uc
= f  x g  x  C   g  x  d x  g  x  

1  1  1
= 2 tan x  1  c
 x 
50. (a) I   1/ 4
dx
  x  13  x  2 5 
 
dx
47. (b)  x 1  x  , let t
3
= x  dx=3t2 dt 1
2/3 2/3 =  3/ 4
dx
 x 1 
  x  2
2

3t d t
2 
 I  x2
 t 1  t 
2 2

x 1 3 dx
dt Let t  dt
t   c x2  x  2
1 2
= 3  3 tan
1 t
2

1 1
= 3 tan–1(x1/3) + C  I   3/ 4
dt
3 t
1/ 4
dx dx 1 t 
1/ 4
4  x 1 
 
48. (c) I   4 1/ 4
=  C  t C    C
1  x 
4/5 4/5
6  1 
2 5
x 3 1/ 4  3 3 x2
x  5  1
x 
sin x  cos x
2 2
dx
 sin 
1 51. (c)  dx
Let t = 1 
x  cos x sin x  cos x
2 2 2 2
5
x

  sec x  cos ec x  dx
2 2
5dx =
 dt   6
x
=  tan x  cot x  c
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