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Snld Harsh convent school

Physics
CLASS 12 - PHYSICS

Time Allowed: 2 hours Maximum Marks : 193

Section A ability to converge or diverge the light incident on it.

Power of a lens depends on the refractive index of the
1) Read the text carefully and answer the questions: A lens material of lens with respect to the surrounding medium
is a transparent medium bounded by two surfaces, with and the radii of curvature of its two surfaces. [5]
one or both surfaces being spherical. The focal length 2) The power of a convex lens
of a lens is determined by the radii of curvature of its
two surfaces and the refractive index of its medium with a) Decreases when another convex lens is placed in
respect to that of the surrounding medium. The power of contact with it.
a lens is reciprocal of its focal length. If a number of b) Increases when the lens is dipped in water.
lenses are kept in contact, the power of the combination is c) Increases when the lens is cut into two identical
the algebraic sum of the powers of the individual lenses. plano - convex lenses.
[5] d) Increases when the wavelength of incident light de-
(a) A double - convex lens, with each face having same creases.
radius of curvature R, is made of glass of refractive
index n. Its power is: 3) The focal length of a concave lens is 40 cm. The power
a) (n−1)
b) 2(n−1) of the lens is:
2R R
a) 2.5 D b) - 2.5 D
c) (2n−1)
d) (2n−1)
2R R c) - 0.025 D d) 0.025 D
(b) A double - convex lens of power P, with each face 4) The focal length of a concave lens (µg = 1·5) in air is
having same radius of curvature, is cut into two 20 cm. What should be the refractive index of the sur-
equal parts perpendicular to its principal axis. The rounding medium so that the lens behaves as a converging
power of one part of the lens will be: lens of focal length 60 cm?
a) 4P b) P2 a) 1.2 b) 1.8
c) 2P d) P c) 1.7 d) 1.4

(c) The above two parts are kept in contact with each 5) Beams of red light, blue light, yellow light and violet
other as shown in the figure. The power of the light are incident on a convex lens, one - by - one.
combination will be: Which one of them converges nearest to the lens?
a) Yellow light b) Red light
c) Blue light d) Violet light
6) A beam of light coming parallel to the principal axis of
a) P b) P a convex lens L1 of focal length 15 cm is incident on it.
c) P4 d) 2P
2
Another convex lens L2 of focal length 25 cm is placed
coaxially at a distance d from L1 . For the final image
(d) A double - convex lens of power P, with each face to be formed at infinity, the value of d should be:
having same radius of curvature, is cut along its a) 15 cm b) 40 cm
principal axis. The two parts are arranged as shown c) 25 cm d) 10 cm
in the figure. The power of the combination will Question No. 7 to 11 are based on the given text. Read
be: the text carefully and answer the questions:
Two transparent media of refractive indices n1 and n2
are separated by a spherical transparent surface. The rays
a) Zero b) P2 of light incident on the surface get refracted into the
c) 2P d) P medium on the other side. The laws of refraction are
valid at each point of the spherical surface. A lens is a
(e) Two convex lenses of focal lengths 60 cm and 20 transparent optical medium bounded by two surfaces, at
cm are held coaxially in contact with each other. least one of which should be spherical. The focal length
The power of the combination is: of a lens is determined by the radii of curvature (R1 and
a) 6.6 D b) 151
D R2 ) of its two surfaces and the refractive index (n) of
c) 15 D d) 801
D the medium of the lens with respect to the surrounding
medium. Depending on R1 and R2 , a lens behaves as
Question No. 2 to 6 are based on the given text. Read a diverging or a converging lens. The ability of a lens
the text carefully and answer the questions: to diverge or converge a beam of light incident on it
A lens is a portion of a transparent medium bounded defines its power. [5]
by two surfaces and one of these surfaces is essentially 7) An object is placed at the point B as shown in the figure.
spherical. It is used to converge or diverge the light The object distance (u) and the image distance (v) are
incident on it. Power of a lens is the measure of its related as
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[2]
18) An object AB is kept in front of a concave mirror as
shown in the figure.

n2 n1
a) v − u =
(n2 −n1 )
R
n1 n2
b) v − =
u (
(n1 −n2 )
R )
n1 −n2 i. Complete the ray diagram showing the image for-
c) 1
− 1
= 1
v u n2
( R
) mation of the object.
d) 1
v − 1
u = n2 −n1
n1
1
R
ii. How will the position and intensity of the image be
affected if the lower half of the mirror’s reflecting
8) A point object is placed in air at a distanceRin front of a surface is painted black?
convex spherical refracting surface of radius of curvature [2]
R. If the medium on the other side of the surface is 19) Draw a ray diagram for the formation of image by a
glass, then the image is: compound microscope. Write the expression for total
a) Real and formed in air. magnification when the image is formed at infinity. [2]
b) Virtual and formed in glass. 20) Draw a labelled ray diagram to show image formation by
c) Real and formed in glass. a compound microscope and write the expression for its
d) Virtual and formed in air. resolving power. [2]
9) An object is kept at 2F in front of an equiconvex lens. 21) An object of size 3.0 cm is placed 14 cm in front of a
The image formed is: concave lens of focal length 21 cm. Describe the image
produced by the lens. What happens if the object is
a) Virtual and diminished. moved further away from the lens? [2]
b) Virtual and of the size of the object. 22) A convex lens made up of glass of refractive index 1.5
c) Real and enlarged. is dipped, in turn, in
d) Real and of the size of the object. i. A medium of refractive index 1.65,
10) A thin converging lens of focal length 10 cm and a thin ii. A medium of refractive index 1.33.
diverging lens of focal length 20 cm are placed coaxially i. Will it behave as a converging or a diverging
in contact. The power of the combination is: lens in the two cases?
a) +5 D b) - 5 D ii. How will its focal length change in the two
c) - 15 D d) +15 D media?
[2]
11) An equiconcave lens of focal lengthfis cut into two iden-
23) i. State the condition under which a large magnification
tical parts along the dotted line as shown in the figure.
can be achieved in an astronomical telescope.
The focal length of each part will be:
ii. Give two reasons to explain why a reflecting tele-
scope is preferred over a refracting telescope.
[2] √
24) A ray of light falls on a transparent sphere of n = 3 at
an angle of incidence 60o with the diameter AB of the
sphere having centre C. The ray emerges from the sphere
parallel to the line AB. Find the angle of emergence.
a) 2f b) f
2
c) F d) f
4

Section B
12) Write down the expression for the magnifying power of
a compound microscope. [1]
13) An equi - convex lens has refractive index 1.5. Write
its focal length in terms of radius of curvature R. [1] [2]
14) The magnifying power of an astronomical telescope is 24. 25) i. Explain the working of a compound microscope with
In normal adjustment, distance between its two lenses is the help of a labelled diagram.
150 cm. Find the focal length of the objective lens. [1] ii. Write the considerations that you keep in mind, while
15) A concave lens is placed in water. Will there be any choosing lenses to be used as eyepiece and objective
change in focal length? Give reason. [1] in a compound microscope.
16) A lens behaves as a converging lens in air and a diverg- [2]
ing lens in water (µ = 4/3). What will be the condition 26) Three immiscible liquids of densities d1 > d2 > d3 and
on the value of refractive index (µ) of the material of refractive indices µ1 > µ2 > µ3 are put in a beaker.
the lens? [1] The height of each liquid column is h3 . A dot is made
17) A ray of light incident normally on one face of a right at the bottom of the beaker. For near normal vision, find
isosceles prism is totally reflected as shown in figure. the apparent depth of the dot. [2]
What must be minimum value of refractive index glass? 27) The radii of curvature of both the sud aces of a lens are
Give relevant calculations. equal. If one of the surfaces is made plane by grinding,
then will the focal length of lens change? Will the power
change? [2]
28) Two convex lenses of same focal length but of apertures
A1 and A2 (A2 < A1 ), are used as the objective lenses
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in two astronomical telescopes having identical eyepieces.

What is the ratio of their resolving power? Which tele-
scope will you prefer and why? Give reason. [2]
29) State, with the help of a ray diagram, the working princi-
ple of optical fibres. Write one important use of optical
fibres. [2]
30) Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation by a [3]
concave mirror when the object is kept between its focus 38) In the given figure, for what value of̸ i should a ray
and the pole. Using this diagram, derive the magnification of light be incident on the face of a prism of refracting
formula for the image formed. [2] angle 60°, so that it just suffers total internal reflection
31) A mobile phone lies along the principal axis of a concave at other face? (For prism, µ = 1.524)
mirror, as shown in the given below figure. Show by
the suitable diagram, the formation of its image. Explain
why the magnification is not uniform. Will the distortion
of the image depending on the location of the phone with
respect to the mirror?

[3]
39) i. Draw a labelled ray diagram showing the formation
of the image at infinity by an astronomical telescope.
ii. A telescope consists of an objective of focal length
[2] 150 cm and an eyepiece of focal length 6.0 cm. If
32) A small telescope has an objective lens of focal length the final image is formed at infinity, then calculate:
150 cm and eye piece of focal length 5 cm, What is i. The length of the tube in this adjustment, and
the magnifying power of the telescope for viewing distant ii. The magnification produced.
objects in normal adjustment? [3]
If this telescope is used to view a 100 m tall tower 3 40) i. Draw a ray diagram for a convex mirror showing
km away, what is the height of the image of the tower the image formation of an object placed anywhere
formed by the objective lens? [2] in front of the mirror.
33) i. Out of blue and red light, which is deviated more ii. Use this ray diagram to obtain the expression for its
by a prism? Give reason. linear magnification.
ii. Give the formula that can be used to determine re- [3]
fractive index of material of a prism in minimum 41) When viewing through a compound microscope, our eyes
deviation condition. should be positioned not on the eyepiece but a short
[2] distance away from it for best viewing. Why? How
34) A virtual image, we always say, cannot be caught on much should be that short distance between the eye and
a screen. Yet when we see a virtual image, we are eyepiece? [3]
obviously bringing it on to the screen (i.e., the retina) of 42) i. A mobile phone lies along the principal axis of a
our eye. Is there a contradiction? [2] concave mirror. Show with the help of a suitable
35) Which two of the following lenses L1 , L2 and L3 will diagram, the formation of its image. Explain why
you select as objective and eyepiece for constructing best magnification is not a uniform.
possible (i) telescope (ii) microscope? Give reason to ii. Suppose the lower half of the concave mirror’s re-
support your answer. flecting surface is covered with an opaque material.
Lens Power(P) Aperture(A) What effect this will have on the image of the
L1 6D 1 cm object? Explain.
[3]
L2 3D 8cm 43) i. What is the relation between critical angle and re-
fractive index of a material?
L3 10D 1 cm ii. Does critical angle depend on the colour of light?
Explain
[3]
[2]
36) Define refractive index of a transparent medium. A ray 44) i. An object is placed in front of a converging lens.
of light phases through a triangular prism. Plot a graph Obtain the conditions under which the magnification
showing the variation of the angle of deviation with the produced by the lens is (i) negative and (ii) positive.
angle of incidence. [2] ii. A point object is placed at O in front of a glass
37) Two monochromatic rays of light are incident normally sphere as shown in figure.
on the face AB of an isosceles right - angled prism ABC.
The refractive indices of the glass prism for the two rays
1 and 2 are respectively 1.35 and 1.45. Trace the path
of these rays after entering through the prism. Show the formation of image by the sphere.
[3]
45) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of an image
at the least distance of distinct vision, by a compound
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microscope. Hence, obtain an expression for its angular for its angular magnification in terms of the focal lengths
magnification. [3] of the lenses used. State the important considerations
46) At what angle should a ray of light be incident on the required to achieve large resolution and their consequent
face of a prism of refracting angle 60° so that it just limitations. [3]
suffers total internal reflection at the other face? The 56) A card sheet divided into squares each of size 1 mm2 is
refractive index of the material of the prism is 1.524 [3] being viewed at a distance of 9 cm through a magnifying
47) i. State the conditions for total internal reflection to glass (a converging lens of focal length 9 cm) held close
take place. to the eye.
ii. A tank is filled with a transparent liquid to height i. What is the magnification produced by the lens?
H. A coin suspended by a thread in the liquid is How much is the area of each square in the virtual
gradually lowered till it touches the bottom. The ap- image?
parent depth is determined corresponding to different ii. What is the angular magnification (magnifying
positions of the coin. power) of the lens?
i. Plot a graph showing variation of the apparent iii. Is the magnification in (a) equal to the magnifying
depth with the real depth of the coin. power in (b)? Explain.
ii. What is the physical significance of the slope [3]
of the graph? 57) i. Show using a proper diagram of how unpolarised
[3] light can be linearly polarized by reflection from a
48) Draw a labelled ray diagram to show the image formation transparent glass surface.
in a refracting type astronomical telescope in the normal ii. The figure shows a ray of light falling normally on
adjustment position. Write two drawbacks of refracting the face AB of an equilateral glass prism having
type telescopes. [3] a refractive index 32 placed in water of refractive
49) Explain with the help of a suitable diagram, the phe- index 34 . Will this ray suffer total internal 3 re-
nomenon on which an optical fibre works. Mention any flection on striking the face AC? Justify your answer.
two uses of optical fibres. [3]
50) With the help of a ray diagram explain the working
of a reflecting telescope. Mention two advantages of a
reflecting telescope over a refracting telescope. [3]
51) A small candle, 2.5 cm in size is placed at 27 cm in front
of a concave mirror of radius of curvature 36 cm. At
what distance from the mirror should a screen be placed
in order to obtain a sharp image? Describe the nature
and size of the image. If the candle is moved closer to [3]
the mirror, how would the screen have to be moved? [3] 58) A biconvex lens with its two faces of equal radius of
52) Consider a convex spherical surface of radius of curvature curvature R is made of a transparent medium of refrac-
R, separating two media of refractive indices n1 and n2 tive indexµ1 . It is kept in contact with a medium of
(> n1 ). A point object is placed at a distance u in front refractive index µ2 as shown in the figure.
of the surface in medium of refractive index n1 . Its
real image is formed at a distance v. Obtain a relation
between u and v in terms of n1 , n2 and R. [3]
53) i. Write two necessary conditions for total internal re-
flection.
ii. Two prisms ABC and DBC are arranged as shown
in figure.

i. Find the equivalent focal length of the combination.

ii. Obtain the condition when this combination acts as
a diverging lens.
iii. Draw the ray diagram for the caseµ1 > (µ22+1) ,
when the object is kept far away from the lens.
Point out the nature of the image formed by the
system.
The critical angles for the two prisms with respect
[5]
to air are 41.1o and 45o respectively. Trace the path
59) i. Obtain lens maker’s formula using the expression
of the ray through the combination. (µ2 −µ1 )
v − u =
µ2 µ1
[3] R
54) i. Using the necessary ray diagram, derive the mirror Here, the ray of light propagating from a rarer
formula for a concave mirror. medium of refractive index (µ1 ) to a denser medium
ii. In the magnified image of a measuring scale (with of refractive index (µ2 ) is incident on the convex
equidistant markings) lying along the principal axis side of spherical refracting surface of radius of cur-
of a concave mirror, the markings are not equidistant. vature R.
Explain. ii. Draw a ray diagram to show that image formation
[3] by a concave mirror when the object is kept between
55) Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation of a dis- its focus and the pole. Using this diagram, derive
tant object by a refracting telescope. Write the expression the magnification formula for the image formed.
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[5] [5]
60) i. Draw a ray diagram showing the image formation 67) i. Draw a labelled ray diagram to obtain the real im-
by a compound microscope. Obtain the expression age formed by an astronomical telescope in normal
for total magnification when the image is formed at adjustment position. Define its magnifying power.
infinity. ii. You are given three lenses of power 0.5 D, 4D and
ii. How does the resolving power of a compound mi- 10 D to design a telescope.
croscope get affected, when i. Which lenses should be used as objective and
i. Focal length of the objective is decreased. eyepiece? Justify your answer.
ii. The wavelength of light is increased ? Give ii. Why is the aperture of the objective preferred
reasons to justify your answer. to be large?
[5] [5]
61) i. Draw a schematic labelled ray diagram of a reflecting 68) A triangular prism of refracting angle 60o is made of a
type telescope (cassegrain). transparent material of refractive index √23 . A ray of
ii. The objective of a telescope is of larger focal length light is incident normally on the face KL as shown in
and of larger aperture (compared to the eyepiece). the figure. Trace the path of the ray as it passes through
Why? Give reasons. the prism and calculate the angle of emergence and angle
[5] of deviation.
62) A circular disc of radiusR is placed co - axially and
horizontally inside an opaque hemispherical bowl of ra-
dius a (Figure). The far edge of the disc is just visible
when viewed from the edge of the bowl. The bowl is
filled with a transparent liquid of refractive index µ and
[5]
the near edge of the disc becomes just visible. How far
below the top of the bowl is the disc placed? 69) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the image
of an object placed on the axis of a convex refracting
surface of radius of curvature ’R’, separating the two
media of refractive indices ’µ1 ’ and ’µ2 ’ (µ2 > µ1 ). Use
this diagram to deduce the relation µv2 − µu1 = µ2 −µ R
1
,
where u and v represent respectively the distance of the
[5] object and the image formed. [5]
63) i. Draw a labelled schematic ray diagram of the astro- 70) i. Explain the working principle of an optical fibre
nomical telescope in normal adjustment. with the help of a diagram. Mention one use of a
ii. Which two aberrations do objectives of refracting light pipe.
telescope suffer from? How are these overcome in ii. A ray of light is incident at an angle of 60o on one
reflecting telescope? face of a prism with the prism angle A = 60o . The
[5] ray passes symmetrically through the prism. Find
64) An angular magnification of 30X is desired using an the angle of minimum deviation (δm ) and refractive
objective of focal length 1.25 cm and an eyepiece of index of the material of the prism. If the prism is
focal length 5 cm. How will you set up the compound immersed in water, how will δm be affected? Justify
microscope? [5] your answer.
65) i. State two main considerations taken into account [5]
while choosing the objective of astronomical tele- 71) i. Trace the path of a ray of light showing refraction
scope. through a triangular prism and hence obtain an ex-
ii. Draw a ray diagram of reflecting type telescope. pression for angle of deviation (δ ) in terms of A ,
State its magnifying power. i and e , where symbols have their usual meanings.
iii. State the advantages of reflecting type telescope over Draw a graph showing the variation of angle of
the refracting type? deviation with the angle of incidence.
[5] ii. In the figure, a ray of light is incident on a trans-
66) A ray PQ incident normally on the refracting face BA is parent liquid contained in a thin glass box at an
refracted in the prism BAC made of material of refractive angle of45◦ with its one face. The emergent ray
index 1.5. Complete the path of ray through the prism. passes along the face AB . Find the refractive
From B which face will the ray emerge? Justify your index of the liquid.
answer.

[5]