Why Spread Sheet Software is

used???
Is other software has the ability to
calculate numerous calculations with
various methods
 Basic Formulas & Functions
• In Excel you have numerous formulas and functions and even that
you can create formulas accordingly one can easily apply to achieve
the desired results
• The main idea behind the excel formulas and functions is to solve it
by using the proper order of operations
• For memorizing exact order of operations PEMDAS is term which
stands for Parenthesis, exponents, Multiplication/division , Addition
and subtraction. It is generally used when your working with
customize calculations
• Order of Operation in Excel is as
– Parenthesis ()
– Exponents ^
– Multiplication /Division (left to right which come first)
– Addition +/Subtraction - (left to right which come first)

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 PEDMAS
Correct Order of Calculation in Excel

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 Basic Formulas
• A formula is an equation that performs a
calculation. Like a calculator, Excel can execute
formulas that add, subtract, multiply, and
divide.
• Excel use cell reference which allow access to
easily modify formulas
• Examples- =15+10
= a1+a2+a3+a4+a5+a6

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 Types of References
• Relative Reference
• Absolute Reference
• Reference Across Worksheet

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 Relative References

• By default, all cell references are relative references. When copied across
multiple cells, they change based on the relative position of rows and
columns. For example, if you copy the formula =A1+B1 from row 1 to row
2, the formula will become =A2+B2. Relative references are especially

• convenient whenever you need to repeat the same calculation across

multiple rows or columns.
• Example- Simple & Complex Formulas

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Absolute Reference

There may be times when you do not want a cell reference to change when
filling cells. Unlike relative references, absolute references do not change
when copied or filled. You can use an absolute reference to keep a row and/or
column constant.
An absolute reference is designated in a formula by the addition of a dollar
sign ($). It can precede the column reference, the row reference, or both.

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 Reference Cells Across work sheet
• Excel allows you to refer to any cell on any worksheet, which can be
especially helpful if you want to reference a specific value from one
worksheet to another. To do this, you'll simply need to begin the cell
reference with the worksheet name followed by an exclamation point (!).
For example, if you wanted to reference cell A1 on Sheet1, its cell
reference would be Sheet1!A1.
• If worksheet name contains space you should you ‘ ’ around the name
• Example: Cell Reference

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 Basic Functions
• Auto Sum
• Average
• Count No's
• Max
• Min
• Now()
• Right
• IF
• Hyper Link

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 Count & Sum Function
• The most used functions in Excel are the functions that count and sum.
You can count and sum based on one criteria or multiple criteria
Count
• To count the number of cells that contain numbers, use the COUNT
function

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 Countif
Countif
To count cells based on one criteria (for example, higher than 9), use the following
COUNTIF function

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 Countifs
• To count cells based on multiple criteria (for example, green and higher
than 9), use the following COUNTIFS function.

• See Example: Count-sum function

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 Sum Function

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 Sumif
Sumif
To add number based on one criteria (for example, to add the “green” labeled numbers
), use the following Sumif function

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 Sumifs
• To add numbers based on multiple criteria (for example, blue & green),
use the following Sumifs function.

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 Sumproduct
• Have you ever used sumproduct function before ?? This will calculate total
amount spent automatically

• Array length should be same on both ranges other wise you will receive
value Error

• Example: Sum -Product

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 Logical functions
• A logical function is one that returns true and false
value. They are used for doing comparisons and seeing
things are equal to each other or not, or which is
higher or lower . The logical function that excel
provides are :true , false, and, or , not ,if
• The AND Function returns TRUE if all conditions are
true and returns FALSE if any of the conditions are
false.
• The OR function returns TRUE if any of the conditions
are TRUE and returns FALSE if all conditions are false
• Example: Logical Functions

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 If Function
If functions are commonly used in excel, and if functions have logic behind
them is also called logical functions.
Syntax for simple if function

The IF function checks whether a condition is met, and returns one value if
TRUE and another value if FALSE

See Example: Simple If , Count and if

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 And Function
The AND Function returns TRUE if all conditions are true and returns FALSE if
any of the conditions are false.
1. Select cell D2 and enter the following formula

The AND function returns FALSE because the value in cell B2 is not higher
than 5. As a result the IF function returns Incorrect.
Class Participation
(Example should be designed)

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 OR Function
The OR function returns TRUE if any of the conditions are TRUE and returns
FALSE if all conditions are false.
Select cell E2 and enter the following formula

The OR function returns TRUE because the value in cell A1 is higher than 10.
As a result the IF function returns Correct.
Example : logical-functions

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 Nested IF
The IF function can be nested, when we have multiple conditions to meet.
The FALSE value is being replaced by another If function to make a further
test

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 Date & Time
• Now()
• Today()
• Network Days()
• DatedIf()
• Date()
• Year()
• Month() etc.

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 VLookup
• VLOOKUP is an extremely useful tool, which is used to search for specific
information in your spreadsheet.
• VLOOKUP will always search the first column in the range, for
understanding in detail see example V-Lookup

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 Hlookup
• HLOOKUP works similarly to the VLOOKUP function.
HLOOKUP is a lookup and reference function. This function
retrieves data from the table horizontally. Most of the tables
in Excel, create a vertical, so this feature is rarely used.

• Vlookup practice Example

 Pivot Tables
• Pivot Tables are helpful in making workbooks
more meaningful and manageable, when
some one feels difficult in finding desired
information from the mess.
• Used to Answers the questions like order
amount sales sold, highest sales region and
much more
How To Create Pivot Table
Creation of Pivot Table
Pivot Table Options
Using Filter in Pivot Tables
Filtered Report
 Working with Pivot Charts
• Pivot Charts are like regular charts, except
that they display data from a PivotTable. Just
like regular charts, you'll be able to select
a chart type, layout, and style that will best
represent the data.
How Pivot Chart Works
 What-If-Analysis
• In the image , you can see that
the grades on the first four
assignments are 58, 70, 72,
and 60. Even though we don't
know what the fifth grade will
be, we can write a formula, or
function, that calculates the
final grade. In this case, each
assignment is weighted
equally, so all we have to do is
average all five grades by
typing =AVERAGE(B2:B6).
Once we use Goal Seek,
cell B6 will show us the
minimum grade we'll need to
make on that assignment.
 Example
• Select the cell whose
value you wish to change.
Whenever you use Goal
Seek, you'll need to select
a cell that already
contains
a formula or function. In
our example, we'll select
cell B7 because it
contains the
formula=AVERAGE(B2:B6
).
 Goal Seek
• From the Data tab, click the What-
If Analysis command, then select Goal
Seek from the drop-down menu

• A dialog box will appear with three fields:

– Set cell: This is the cell that will contain the
desired result. In our example, cell B7 is
already selected.
– To value: This is the desired result. In our
example, we'll enter 70 because we need to
earn at least that to pass the class.
– By changing cell: This is the cell where Goal
Seek will place its answer. In our example,
we'll select cell B6because we want to
determine the grade we need to earn on the
final assignment.
• When you're done, click OK.
 Test Scenario
• The dialog box will tell you if Goal to score at least a 90 on the final assignment
Seek was able to find a solution. to earn a passing grade. The result will appear
Click OK in the specified cell. In our example, Goal Seek
calculated that we will need
Working With Charts
• A chart is a tool that is used in Excel to communicate
data graphically. Charts allow audience to see
the meaning behind the numbers, and they make
showing comparisons and trends a lot easier. Now
we will explore different forms of chart and their
usability
Chart Types
 Chart Tools
• Once you insert a chart, a set of Chart Tools arranged
into three tabs will appear on the Ribbon. These are
only visible when the chart is selected. You can use
these three tabs to modify your chart.
 Switch Row/Column
• Sometimes when you create a chart, the data may
not be grouped the way you want it to be. For
grouping data they you want can be achieved
switching row/column
How to move chart on other sheet
 Protecting Workbook
• By default, anyone with access to your workbook will be able to open,
copy, and edit its content unless you protect it. There are many different
ways to protect a workbook, depending on your needs
 Mark AS Final
• Click the File tab to access Backstage view.
• From the Info pane, click the Protect Workbook command.
• In the drop-down menu, choose the option that best suits your
needs. In our example, we'll select Mark as Final. Marking your
workbook as final is a good way to discourage others from editing
the workbook, while the other options give you even more control
if needed.
 Password Protection
• Encrypted With Password

• Asking for permission