RBOEC2AOO? — Dy En oe ISIIAL Degtey g TECH CSE ECE) 1 Vege : >LSem prereasiStte(S) . Along COUTSE Abjectives Hevelop abitity 45 Ste, Concepts of Various nomber MARA and Various Boolean & Sroptigy Eporderstond Sihupwliteanty AMPiFicakion — yneorem, using wm OF Boolean fonckions OP and tabolar methas. Q iS A-understond design and analysis uy combinaki unal and Sequential Sogte ctrevits: understand Sytemetic Functions and desian the Same Ung Way comtacts- ynderstand “Wrechold Logic and design Switching FORCHONS L¢eing treshold element s. Ovurse Ovkcomesccos) i the end Of the Course , Btudent would be y te to Apply “Kooledge of number syckeme , codes and Foolean oloplom to the Analysis and design oF QC Atrewiks- : S APPIy Rnowedge of AUmMbee Gustems | cates and Boolean -algedm r©-tHe Ande gokea to design Sand. amplemant Vartous digital courts, Lake; And Solve Smple problems %0 Identity, forme tte area op digital Segic cveulk AesanCOA. Apply uhe CONCEPES EE Syrnmetwe — FORLHOENS 7 Wrechol\ a Loqie XO Aesiqn Logie cerovits - Cos . Pestqn Ngital crcurts, components or proces® ty Meet desred needa uit weakstro Constroines- ONT ‘ NuMBER systeM BASE convereion Binary arthmetic Complements methods PL Nombe cg) ; Code S — Binary codes i i Binary coded Petimal Cecn) code and its proper Mes Loit- Distance codes Aipha. Numerie Codeg ‘ Error Pekecking ang correcting, codes - Boolean Algebra and Susitelning Fonctions Surtching Aqebra Bosic garee , Basic Hheotermms cing propesties Swieching FUNCKONS Canonical and standard foam ear : Aigebraic simpitication Of Digital , Logic gates. Properties of xoR Gares universal Gakes Mouttileval NAN D | Nok olizations. UNIT) Minimizakton SE Switching Functions Introduction MIO IZOHON With ‘theorems He vormaugh Map metho d—Thre Fours fue @ Stk Variable Mop Prime ampicants ond eoesental prime Amplcantk Dome Core YOP entnes vsing the map for Stenptyey tray Boolean 2%. pressions -Fe r-wt Nm ica ut AGO OF COMIN, pest “Wationay enews Adders gubractors motFpkxers Reaization of Buide De-~MUItplexeys pecodery Encoders prot Encodes COMPATALOTS parvia Generatys Code Converterg i bing Funetiona, WSINgG MEIK plere rs | Sto Mazorde ond ozard sree Realization’ + UNII-1W Sankhests Of Gunmedvie Wetaorkes Pelory contacts, Analysis and gunthes:s of contact ne SOONERS Aden etaanun | Summetric Fonck on % yeni zalkion Of the same. Thanold Logic THreshold clement ;capabtt kes “ond Umitaktons of AWreshoid Logic, Elementary Proparkes> Syunthesie — of Mreshoid Neto S Cunake Fonction, Linear seperabilty | Tdenti fication 3 realization oy theshold Toachon Sy Mop based syNnthesia Of 100 -Lewel Uechold netooes) UNWT~u eQuentiah- Machines Fundamentals Intro duction NAND |] NBR Latches : SR | 3TK 3k Séaster Stase Gloke Wogram State RoC anment Store Model -Basic seenntins BIOMess oO, cunchones Sequents Sees non gddor Binary comes Pority bit gererakoy Counter> and chitt Reaicters | Riprie camter Shits Registers and their Aupes Ping Counters TWwIed PING comtors Textbouks 2 Susttching and Finite Automata Theory al circutts -SeqQuet< basta 2. zutkohavig nyivof K. sha, 29 edition 2004, cambridge Univers! press. Reference bookis> A. Digitos FundamentalS~ A eystem APpfoach " , Thomas L Floyd, pearson , 203 2. Fundamentals of Logic Design, chores, HiRorh » Cengage Learnings 5 editron, avo 4. o Digital Design, MOIS Mond, PHL, 39) cashon: Whok 1S dightal aqatern 9 Boge AESIQN FoHdamentals and cormpoter desiqh pundamental a ene sources of bigital eysterm 2 LOC ACSIQN tools awith basic ‘concepts ond boots used bo design Aigttal hardware CONEIGHOY Of Logic eWCUlhs- a COMPLET eciqn deals with additional concepts ond FOS Used to design digital computes F OkNET compiles 5 AAT CiKCGIE LON hardware + a computer design deals with additional sed bo desian chgital computer and Alaital Systems Roncepls % tools otter complex“the Number posto nal 8) Non pacittonal Syster classified Anta a Vypes > TN positionad Number system the position oO Age Or bit Andicates the Sqnificance to be attached | to thok digit. 7? FN Non-positional does got eontoin | TRON] Position “Dumber SUSE the digit of a nurboy ONY Positim - weight on its wolHin the murber- Sa: EV RL’ o ™M 4 5 40 50 400 500 Loo0 NXTxIe } 5x10 +14 14100 =M. | | Featores > We vate OF A Gwbol are depends on its position. > Sumbols are combined according to Set jules > rey cue pot erpuenk at aq Positional Dumber aystem Aor a laxqe 9 UEMbET Cory Colcvulaong . ~> TD posional pore systern the digits nm a nuntoex axe placed Side by ade and each POSHON in Nomber iG ASSigned a weight ot) Inder A Amportonce by some pre - design Hobe ~ Ao > An-1 a Ana Aas Bos Rays Big, Ang - ~~~ Nace ay Am t radix, potty & 4 (Nurmberyy = S ALT WO OAD ou Yeon re CSmreger positivo + Chactonel position)Ssdrsteast coy [Saab See —| « | essential diQes a ee winary 2 Or neat | | octal | 3 OAD, BS bot 2 Aencak | 4o O4,95354 95565 43a. eX | w 4 ic OA aD, AS 9b> Sk Ay 319,30 A, BS ae tA Oe C,b,€,F : || earmotit hy eeinory octal “Nesapecirnol | Le | | | | ° : ° ° pe iy R calle Fea ay 4 b-- A | Be Sake a 6 [teen 7 hc } a as 1 3 ne 3 4.400 Sey aan Ae | 5 Sot $0 ae Se — | 6 ~—-- 449 -- ¢ 6 spd ‘ | ‘ daa ~—} + —— g —- 4000-—;— 40 =F @ | do = dong £4 1 gq 20, ake mae tea A 44 —7— 4044-1 2437775 6 aa —b adaoo a4 ic 413 at 1 45 - > 44 41440 —}~ 46 --~E a5 +paaag — 14 ——— + i¢é —j-Aoo0v0-1. a® —-} 40 44— 7-4 cood --1- aq -—}— 44 poe eye Aas 48 —+40040 AYW—tLAOO4 4 ~~ 23 He 18 ao—T4 040044. 24 —+4— 44SO} ny Ao another Sb numbers trom one system Ag onsther | Binary cay pecimol ——| Octal Ca) L. Wexa decimal (ib) PP ecirnat aynary — + > octal | Ls Aeradecionol 7 Decirno} octol 7 SiNowy, i Mera decimal p— becimol jrexadeumal i > Binary ‘ L_, ockol LS - Feast eagnigacant aa MSR — Mos & " pecimod to emnory Cot octal cord HexaPecirnal Divide tne given decirnal number. Succe sively by 2. and read the fermndes Lpwods to gt the equivalent binary numbers’. > UBIw —CVIL as ale=1 4 (ato tye ala-o ali -4 o-4 Ca dot ja — M10 > UNF) 4CA Rt cont) 4C 4x2) => Bt44+ets = USIo.Qo), Decionay ¥o_ HexA_vectmal | |. Vea ; Ae | ones “ Crt Dye Pecimal ta__etal.” » 3\22 sla_-4 o> 3s Cat), bin 2) Decimal +o_binany e\ar —! > C2340 ase aPa—h |, O45 x2 = 4:50 Be ae? Conn), 0-50 x2 = 4.00 4 Ca3-4e)io = (AOL AA. AADS > Caobdtyage 9, > =x 24d CORLEY Cam aEd HF CUADIACI RZD HUT + CH + = VO FOF 444 OS HOTS pee o4as- F315) ree ee e Yi — 5 = BIO NNO Lk Caner e By ook ek cate tor1rvoas or2 e— (CS BSI Ss ‘Ai a Hexodkectonot BwRETY tO Decimal (ory oe-tal Lor? Heroes fo Convetk A binawy number to Pectmol tre murrier multiply by the position Values 0} eoch WE with Be value and add- Binary ko octal To Convert ai binary nvrnber to octal Ssrarting from Binary point mae group op each © ois each om either side of the (radie point’) and replace each = PIE PINON grovp &’Yy whe equivalent ockal arigit pinay PORE (AOA AAO CAL OA OO SDL Da + So 3S pa za D> (2 45-522), Birory to Hesadecimal a vinory po: +9 sero) Herudeci mal moke group of * bits To convert -eterting From binory point each either Side oy the binary print tradit) A bit winoyy IMP by whe and gepiace — eouivalent ood aah qoross rset ott 94.00 4dr 6 ek \D é ee (OS Coeo-eAieMew SUMS 4(uscesee C7 Dro a(434) p= C10 WO: (Bexe?” | | } Convert the gwen bak 4 numgettericrodedimot Gard, = ge Sie C2*8D ea xd> + c0xn Td ) Br BO =A io = codos A049 => CISD 1 s US Ay, = CAAT D160 CooO4 ADA Hs ADSA a al F 1ea the Value ave Coan) for me Fo owing umber systems. CB6S95 = 49,5 CBR? F Cox a) C5040) =A) 10 Berets =14y BIr~*XOTNZGU=O wre IW-GB=0 BPAY 44-63 =O (F+A) Ce-AD=O Sums i faa. 299 = CD. bee HOD & CORD CARE Satie urea TAGs 2 Tap Ate +24+240-78 (282.25) > (484 %i0=C 2 deo CAAFIiC (utd. = C4AFI V6PROBL M SETA © Exepress the numbers (uaa.a) ¢ and (44-.04-04)._ ty base 40. = XQ +3 xg! axeey axe = 946 yo FL +O =@8aw5) ‘6 | CuSarade = Casa-as dio Casos0ide =C1),, PAO ge a a o 4 = axBeaxe FORXRDRRAXD+AOKI+ 4xXD = S$+44+07r4+047028 = 03.25). a C4AL04-04). = (13-250 ® +0 convert (544). to octal Numbet (1), =i | Fi (548) = (404499 @® (B20 FC VDE 6\ S45 _ o\St+ - 3 . 6\a4 -d : s_-s | See YS)p =CA SBEDEF yo Convest CoOsl25d,0 tO WaASe Q, @ 0.3125 xQ=7 OS XS = 4.9 94 CODIMo= LO-ad)g Soa QO WBS to wary 0-15 %¥2 = 9.015 —»O OTE RE = 4p aw Vi O-BX2 = 4.0 4 €0-319) 1p =Co.440)o © 623-422 +0 binary (010044400),_ (23-402 =(o1400144.2 0092" @ (4044040.0404), to ocxol QosoArgso-qsoivo 4 2 6 . 9 & C404 4040.0404), = (426-048 -@ convert to base Ao. CO C14319s a AXSS44xSTE KS 44 HHS SIZES FAOONIST CVasids = 24s iw C6? CA004040.404 92. e LXCU+OFO FA RAHOELADTO HOS +O FO 12 = (44625910 (4£002040-404)2 = C4U629) 0 -OAOA). 5) CA00L4 04-0. en AXGU+FO+FOFIG F@HOFA OHO: 2-S FO FO -0GDN = CAF 3228) 10 CAOOALOL.O4 0452 = C4AS4 8S) 0 ay Craze Dio +o ase @. (340052© Citgo base & GUM 6[24 2 ol4 5 o —& CNG Iiy =(452.96 (53-1045 0 40 wifiorg 53 -Asoso4 01815 x2. =0.316 —>30 0-3 X2 = 0-63 —_ 0 O.65x2 = 4.26 — 54 O-26x2 =.0-52 —s0 OSa&RD =~ A-OK 0-04 x2 = 00% —»O €93.18155.0 = (440404 004010 9 3144 5)10 to base BA—-s O14a5X%8 54.4399 54 0.432 %%8 = 1-056 —» 4A ©0560. %% =0.442 — 0 ©-.448 xg = 3-524 > 3 (31445) (6-24-03)9 Bax ALA i OVA\ SRD = O28 SO O-28B%2 = OSS6 =O O-B6OK%2 = 4-43BA>4 0- Agaxa. = 0-264 ->0 O.2e4K2 2O-S2B 70 O-S28 yo = AOS 4 % and a. Co14s5)e > C44- 004.004) 2whales: Aittinmetic OPeration ¢ SRO -feithmetic Poritnmeti ¢ Operations Sveh as Addition Solbraction | Mulliplicedion, Division Can be carried ovt “iD ang Nwenbey System the Method followed 5 Simmer to -the method fatlowed 4n the cectmnol womoer system. ry should be noted thot ok ONG Hime we cory out the axtthmelic operodions between only tooo nombers. @ Bwary Addtion QE?" 40049-0048 (4 rs 6 (24 6)¢ CA2BDe_© Bray sybraction Mle. In Binary subroction with top number 18 smaller phon the bottom nomber -1.¢(O-4 ) then add & +o the top number and carry 4. to the dedenal neab column.if) UGV py =WOOIp, Find base b COO BH = ARK FORK AO C292d10 = Liadd4re rind b LAA = A Rb LAAb HOA’ AF HAIR b=6 AAW *DARBE+O +4 22 (eee | 102 Binary operations A= 4040.4 b= A04.04 ct =4004-4 az=40:10-10 wy < b=6A04-04 C= 4004.40 co arc A0A0-40 a4004.40 [Eo 00 OS: a+C= 4000.00 n> A-b aosaog-40 @sA04-04 ee OA@1:04 nae Se ae oa—b = 0104.04CBX) 4-ConsdaCs ave) = (a4 Dw SV+evy s+ lq, SIF +67 -18q =O i d | pind the Value gy © (sess <4 UD; } | 4 \ | Wroaw-6B=0 y>4+QT-Z4 -63=0 C¥+a) (1-4) =0 fea) [ee] @ Cran =04 dy Sood A040 4444 £ A Ee G54), = CAE Dye ®@ (C240)3 = C Die CAxd*D +04%3'04COK2°D AZ+S+4+D0 5 (U0 2124 po-4 2fz-42 9|4-0 O-4 a Cov0s 0404) = USD 4A 5PAQAY Subiaction TO Subract yo trom A404 o- 44 04 = 14 TO mouifiply Losi xiod a Oo 4 a xo £ Gr ee ee DO ie 9 e000 406: @ ae SS 44 ama a [ee eg BiNary drwision 4 e The -ginary division ie earfed oot ww the Sam manner ag the decimar Awisiod - To dwide 1444 by 44 aC 4o4 a L opuokient Ags se aa °NOTE: EI ‘ Jementary boary operalivns Bits Ease ab a 6b gum carea DEE borrow oO Oo of oe ¢ Oe se Oo A zig | Ae Se bal | ae | ° a | 0 a | | con Pe. fee Product a-b“Bits oa es fae 1 ore Som corey Oleg bor o |e 3 ° Oe} | aa eo: anes | | 4 o |a ° a ‘a je | oa 8 Be aA | a come zaloabe Compiments __ af nos COMPViments are ued in digital computers For Simplifying Subraction opratioN and for logical manvpulation. “there are two +types 04 Acompliments for the eade Tadix oO} gysrem. 1) stad2x compliment C'S Compliment) YAingnstant suadec compliment (or -1)'s Compliments } F Ip v=2 then a's compliment § 4'S Compliment’ Notes if a=0 o'=a~-1=0 alsaOrmynshed radix corelement Cr=aytg complement = [Cary] tf retotegats, ne YD aS, compement OY CASI (04-1) “Bats = AW14- BAAS = 6424 was Complement of (O42398 ho o—(Hot-0ta294-) =(io°1) -912 392% = gaaaaa O48 Sae4eos totes he a's compliment) of decimal number ts obtained bY subracting each Xai from 4+ Mors? aH4=al = 400000 vs cormpernent rs Commplenatan (3.7 4 -A0000$ = booo-A)~ -s000$ ~> ALAA -A.00009 sp ohash he 415 A'S complement 0} a binasy normber obtained by Sdora.cking each Aagt Fem + Ve ks Complement form oy changing ars to 0S ond os te HS-\ % . ae Compliment bostooo =k 00444 o4014 04 =4040040 Noke: The C1 9'S complement of octal Cortera bedmol hombe; 6 obtained by svbtacting each dqit frre + OF YDectmey 407] respectively. : Radia _compiment : SNS Toma yen | +! eww Crs +h vs compiment = a'S Complirnent oy LOL L000 => Aad Voor A Srodco0L000 a's compliment of o404404 = Ca-Avier& = 4040044 pete y thoy WA 2's compliment =4O 4400100007! Oo ®@ALovAAA COO the advantage 0} pertaming — Subyaction by the Conpinoe othod (6 suduction dy the ‘hardwore. Instead of g hoving Separote pigitad «Aureus for Adadttion 5 Substatt foo onty addtHon circuits % Svppiaeny a0 perform oot operations:eubraction usm compiments an this method we bermw aq 4 Frome, hiahy . Ls et signifi cant poston when minote cleqtt AG " smattes thon Subtack Bagi. When Subraction ts derplemented asith Refrral Rondware .“hES nethod | the method 1s found to be less efficient than Ahat Uses the Compliments - yVsoq to's Compliment ‘gubvact! 42632 -3as0 NM = AN 7 m as Cormpument oy 08 aso Bact 44 tds Compliment oy 03 780 = a 4645 0 Ha oe tol AGH SO ‘ Vife OH§ eal Qqast 1) Man ; a's compiment oa ATS 82 = st UG Fy, to's compliment — O 4285 82 at UGR : yord ob25 0 244 6 g Borst? -6 4232"1 wm) — Cr0's Compliment of 3oate) a's complement of 30418 log comprement o Sorte = 642 8% she subtraction of 2 Wh AIK Unagned numbers m-n is base “' can'be done as follows. Od Add He Minued Mito the +s compliment OF Subrahend cuy Us -pesforMs , Maan = mana CH MEN the sum Ul produ an end Carny which ‘Se discarded | what is the lett 18 We Yespik M-N- Gm 1f MZN the om does not produce ann cay and is equal 2 y9-(KN) Ubich ts the 49 Compliment 6 N-M- TO obtain tne angwer fn a Familkay form take the ye compliment AU the sum and Place the Negative Sign intont oF the TeSolt- P) cdsact 4400 fom do 40 veing BS Comprar. SAR =10 \Voo 5, O1fgo 7 pee died t lOOLO zeo4aod =o 1 10 ——— o1190wm = tors = Ao Ma 11S > aig hve” =~ YS qo wn = oort as my N = 01 08 MON = rvs XS of WO > —feo10) a %& The ats a ooo IS SGEO> ony. * whe ws Sp coreplement o ads Complement cf a afven ember is he Same none” Avsele- Notre. she at Complimnt of A Wen biresy nemo ¥ can be formed by AINg au Least signiftcant zerolg and nonyiret no-zero Aigit Unchanged and then suplacing 3°S by o's and o's by SS tn alk biher higher Stgrigicant Atgtt -N Mo yt © Y Sobract Noo fom Voie" by using 41S comnplinens, | 1o10 N= ool! oo\l —__. Vor _ —-COO1d)e8e M rll o N Given .two numbers X= 4040400 . O1 = 4000044 putes { tury 2 the sobMckion | @ x-y ana ' © yx using a's Compliment. USING 4'S Compliment .a) ia M 1010100 a VOooors E te complement CI-INS Complement = Ce=-N] MS comple ent Cri o0 ‘oroioo Toot ose G Yo v10 006 VO\O\0O0 — 100011 esus Coa) MeN VS compiemence 20004 4 2's Complement 4090044. o'’4 4A 10 4 tot oaotovo oo\rvoo'. ho % 000011 = OL\IIOO =ool1ooo) ua) Ovo. °9 =. + oss4s5o04 ee cH) Sia.CO i] by N=» “ N (oooolt — joroio9 Ve Complemen Deniac = 04040 VS complement. ©) 50104007) F ote e* % yoooot I! A tm OF S10 ~€00100019 Using B'S Complement ore ' 1 Wero1o3-- peeott ; 2000044 ~410401909 o = or. 910%1 & ‘domprement of oO 1o1e : fr) oa wy a OVOV100peels es Signed Binary plumbers In Ordinary _Adihme He QA negative nomber 46 Wdtcated by Crsign ‘and o postive by Cr) Sign becovse © hardware Umitokions Competers rust Teprecented everyting ust binary digit cornmonly Yettered to ag bits. The byt most postion of the nornber ta Used for Sign. the bit o for positive ythe wit A fox negqarive FRt TA = 0004004 3 =-A =A00A 0OL then — artthmelic. operations are Arnplemented a0 Q Computer. Te iS more ,Convient to Vs a dttperent A ative numloers- the Systems for sxepresenting Neg eQakive numbers can be yopecented wudOy S. an one OF the nxree posible magnitude “ yepresentalion a A's compliment sapresentakion! z> Signed a's compliment © sepresentaion Ex rAd eoootoot z00R 00% —> signed - magrit) 3& een = Aprionent 40 NS eomp XN a VovovolNta a's compliment:ca EE Note Svbrackion vsing nite a's compliment uae the negative numbers in signed oS Cornplirnent- form. Ada Ane two numbers including thet Sign Hit and discord any carryout Of the ee Signigicant — bit - ' j ® [#6 =o 0000449 +13 = C00 O44 O1 +4Ag, P001400 44 fo Gop = a a 2 OURO “3 =o 00041304 td Tiny OF Ay a aoe dlococotss © ated, f ; +6 =ooooo AA 8, f eeloea as: = Aras AA O OAA i Saree rid —*2- = @LhAaM4A40 4oO 4 4 O84 A Lsean wy discord -