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Module1 Algebra Fundamentals

Module 1 covers the fundamentals of algebra, including basic operations, laws of exponents, factoring techniques, and methods for solving linear and quadratic equations. It emphasizes the importance of correctly applying rules and avoiding common pitfalls, with practice problems and solutions provided for reinforcement. Key takeaways include mastering combining like terms, factoring, and verifying solutions.

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8 views3 pages

Module1 Algebra Fundamentals

Module 1 covers the fundamentals of algebra, including basic operations, laws of exponents, factoring techniques, and methods for solving linear and quadratic equations. It emphasizes the importance of correctly applying rules and avoiding common pitfalls, with practice problems and solutions provided for reinforcement. Key takeaways include mastering combining like terms, factoring, and verifying solutions.

Uploaded by

johnkunnil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 1: Algebra Fundamentals

1.1 Introduction to Algebra


Algebra is the branch of mathematics dealing with symbols and the rules for
manipulating them. In algebra, letters represent numbers in equations and formulas.

1.2 Basic Operations


- Addition and subtraction of like terms
- Multiplication and division of algebraic expressions
- Laws of exponents
- Working with radicals

Example:
Simplify: 3x + 5x - 2y + 7y
Solution: Combine like terms: (3x + 5x) + (-2y + 7y) = 8x + 5y

1.3 Laws of Exponents


- a^m * a^n = a^(m+n)
- a^m / a^n = a^(m-n)
- (a^m)^n = a^(m*n)
- a^0 = 1 (a ≠ 0)

Example:
Simplify: (x^2 * x^5) / x^3
Solution: x^(2+5) / x^3 = x^7 / x^3 = x^(7-3) = x^4

1.4 Factoring Techniques


- Common factor
- Difference of squares: a^2 - b^2 = (a - b)(a + b)
- Trinomial factoring: ax^2 + bx + c
- Grouping
Example:
Factor: x^2 - 9
Solution: This is a difference of squares: (x - 3)(x + 3)

1.5 Solving Linear Equations


Steps:
1. Simplify both sides
2. Move variables to one side, constants to the other
3. Divide by the coefficient of the variable

Example:
Solve: 3x - 7 = 11
Solution: 3x = 18 → x = 6

1.6 Solving Quadratic Equations


Methods:
- Factoring
- Completing the square
- Quadratic formula: x = [-b ± √(b^2 - 4ac)] / 2a

Example:
Solve: x^2 - 5x + 6 = 0
Solution: Factors as (x - 2)(x - 3) = 0 → x = 2 or x = 3

1.7 Inequalities
Rules:
- When multiplying or dividing by a negative number, reverse the inequality sign.

Example:
Solve: -2x > 6
Solution: Divide by -2 (reverse > to <): x < -3

1.8 Common Pitfalls


- Forgetting to reverse inequality sign when multiplying/dividing by negatives.
- Combining unlike terms incorrectly.
- Misapplying exponent rules.

1.9 Practice Problems


Q1: Simplify: (2x^3 * 4x^2) / (8x)
Q2: Factor: 4y^2 - 25
Q3: Solve: 5x + 3 = 18
Q4: Solve: x^2 + 7x + 10 = 0

1.10 Solutions
A1: (8x^5) / (8x) = x^(5-1) = x^4
A2: Difference of squares: (2y - 5)(2y + 5)
A3: 5x = 15 → x = 3
A4: (x + 5)(x + 2) = 0 → x = -5 or x = -2

1.11 Summary
- Master combining like terms and factoring
- Apply exponent and radical rules correctly
- Choose the right method for solving equations
- Check solutions by substitution

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