Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF TAGUIG CITY AND PATEROS
Gen. Santos Ave. Upper Bicutan, Taguig City

FINAL EXAMINATION IN EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

NAME_________________________________________ GRADE AND SECTION ______________

DATE: ________________________________________ SCORE: __________________________

Direction: Choose the letter of the BEST answer. Write the letter in the space provided before each number.
_____1. Shark Bay became Western Australia’s first World Heritage-listed area in 1991. One of the reasons
for this status is because stromatolites were discovered there. Which of the following statements is true about
STROMATOLITES?
A. Stromatolites are the oldest known macrofossils
B. Stromatolites are trace fossils of cyanobacteria
C. Stromatolites are also known as blue-green algae
D. Stromatolites are the first photosynthetic organisms

_____2. The following timeline shows the approximate timing of several important events in Earth’s history.
Based on the timeline above, which of the following describes when life most likely originated on Earth?

A. Over 4.5 billion years ago

B. Less than 3.5 billion years ago
C. Between 4.5 and 3.9 billion years ago
D. Between 3.9 and 3.5 billion years ago

_____3. One model of the origin of life on Earth hypothesizes that organic molecules arose abiotically from
inorganic precursors under certain conditions on early Earth. Some scientists speculate that this could have
occurred near the openings of volcanoes. Others think it likely occurred near deep-sea alkaline vents, which
release warm, alkaline water. Which of the following questions related to the information above is most
scientifically testable?

A. Did life originate as a way to make Earth a superior planet?

B. Were the first organic molecules formed near the openings of volcanoes, or near deep-sea vents?
C. Can organic molecules be generated abiotically in a warm, high-pH environment, similar to that near
an alkaline vent?
D. Why are atmospheric conditions near the openings of volcanoes different from those further away
from volcanoes?

_____4. In 1668, Francesco Redi performed an experiment as illustrated by the figure above. Which of
the following statements best describe the outcome of Redi’s experiment?

A. Maggots came from hatched eggs of flies.

B. Maggots came from the bacteria of the rotten meat
C. Maggots spontaneously arise from the rotten meat
D. Maggots do not spontaneously arise from rotten meat.

_____5. Why do prokaryotic organisms live earlier compared to eukaryotic organisms?

A. Eukaryotic because of evolution process
 B. Prokaryotic because organisms has a greater adaptability
C. Prokaryotic because it is smaller than the eukaryotic organism
D. Eukaryotic because organism have a complex cellular structure
_____6. All organisms alive today have descended from simple cellular creatures billions of years ago.
Biologists were able to identify and preserve some of the characteristics of that earliest organism. This is
associated with what theme?
A. Function and structure are interdependent
B. cell theory as a description of living systems
C. Emergent properties arise from the organization of life
D. Unity of living systems is explained by evolutionary conservation

_____7. Which of the following DOES NOT describe how an organism maintains homeostasis?
A. Cats may shed fur to regulate internal temperature
B. Humans sneeze to expel mucus and clear the airways
C. Lizards may shed tails to distract predators long enough for them to escape
D. Dogs cool down through panting by evaporating water in their mouths and across their tongues
_____8. When your hypothalamus senses that you are too hot, it sends signals to your sweat glands to make
you sweat and cool you off. On the contrary, when your hypothalamus senses that you are too cold, it sends
signals to your muscles that make you shiver and create warmth. What characteristics of living things are
demonstrated by this?
A. adaptability
B. development
C. homeostasis
D. metabolism
_____9. The orchard sprayed with the chemical yields an average of 50 kilos of mangoes per tree, the other
orchard yields an average of 30 kilos of mangoes per tree. Based on the data in order to have a better yield
trees must _________.
I. receives the same amount of sunlight
II. receives the same amount of water
III. increase the orchard spray
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II
D. I ,II and III
_____10. Why do humans sweat when they get hot?
A. humans use energy
B. humans ability to grow
C. humans ability to reproduce
D. human maintain the internal environment
_____11. In a species of yeast, a new individual develops as an outgrowth on a parent, which then separates
from the parent once it has matured. What type of reproduction is this?
A. The yeast is undergoing the process of binary fission
B. The yeast is undergoing the process of budding.
C. The yeast is undergoing the process of fragmentation.
D. The yeast is undergoing the process of parthenogenesis.
_____ 12. This is when an organism possesses two representative systems and are referred to as
monoecious?
A. budding
B. hermaphroditism
C. transverse fusion
D. transverse fission
_____13. All living organisms reproduce for the survival of their species. They may reproduce sexually or
asexually. Which of the following describes SEXUAL reproduction in animals?
A. Starfish grows an entire new body from a fragmented arm
B. Parent sponge breaks into many pieces and each piece grows into new sponge
C. Amoeba divides itself into two daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other
D. Earthworms align themselves in opposite directions at their gonadal openings to exchange packets of
sperm prior fertilization
_____14. A population of banana plants is growing in an orchard. The banana plants were propagated
vegetatively, so they are all genetic clones of each other. Nearby, a population of wild banana plants is
growing in a jungle habitat. Plants in this population reproduce primarily through sexual reproduction. Both
banana plant populations have similar population densities. A fungal pathogen is introduced to the area and
infects both populations at roughly the same time. Which of the following is the best prediction for how the
fungal pathogen will affect the two banana plant populations?
A. The jungle population will be more severely affected because it is growing near other species of
plants in the jungle habitat
B. The orchard population will be less severely affected because it is more likely to have individuals with
some level of resistance to the pathogen
C. The orchard population will be more severely affected because it has less allelic diversity than the
jungle population.
D. The two populations will be equally affected because they were infected nearly simultaneously
_____15. Why do they consider dolphins as an example of a viviparous animal?
A. It is classified as a mammal.
B. It hatches an egg inside the mother’s body.
C. It lays eggs that hatch in external environments.
D. gives birth to live young and feed them with mother’s milk.
_____16. A scientist finds a gene in the DNA of a wild-growing plant that could increase the amount of
lycopene, a cancer-fighting agent, in tomatoes. The scientist inserts this gene into the DNA of a tomato plant.
This is an example of which of the following processes?
A. Gel electrophoresis
B. Genetic engineering
C. Natural selection
D. Selective breeding

_____17. Farming is one of the largest agricultural sectors in the Philippines. Studies were conducted on how
to improve this sector and one of which is genetic engineering. Which of the following is a benefit brought
about by genetic engineering in farming?
A. Creation of infectious bacteria
B. Lessening of crop yield
C. Production of fast-growing and pest-resistant crops
D. Production of more weeds and crops in farms
_____18. Artificial selection is the identification by humans of desirable traits in plants and animals, and the
steps taken to enhance and perpetuate those traits in future generations. Which of the following describes a
result of artificial selection?
A. Ear length in a population of dogs has increased due to selective breeding by humans
B. The amount of toxins produced by cassava plants has decreased due to the insertion of a certain
transgene by humans.
C. The frequency of Philippine Eagle decreased due to the effects of climate change.
D. The number of cats in Bonifacio High Street has increased because the cats have learned to obtain
food efficiently.
_____19. DNA samples from four different organisms were analyzed using a procedure that separates the
DNA in each sample by size. What procedure was used to obtain these results?

A. DNA cloning
B. Gene therapy
C. Chromatography
D. Gel electrophoresis

_____20. The techniques used in genetic engineering have led to the production of human insulin that helps
manage the blood sugar levels of diabetic patients. Listed below are the steps involved in this process (I, II, III,
IV, V). Which of the following answer choices shows the CORRECT sequence how it is done?
I. Isolation of genetic material (DNA)
II. Cutting of DNA at specific locations.
III. Joining of DNA fragments.
IV. Insertion of the DNA into the host cell.
V. Selection and screening of transformed cells.

A. I – II- III- IV- V

B. II - III- IV – V - I
C. III – IV – V - I - II
D. IV – V – I – II - III
_____21. A genetically modified organism or GMO is any organism that has had its genetic material
intentionally changed. Which GMO produced will help organisms with high sugar levels?
A. A bacterium with a gene that produces human insulin.
B. A dog with deleted cancer genes.
C. A fish with a gene that makes it glow in the dark.
D. A tomato plant with pert-resistant genes.
_____22. The vectors have extensive uses in the screening of diseases, like CMV and HIV. What is the role of
a vector in genetic engineering?
A. To carry foreign DNA into a host organism
B. To cut DNA at specific sites
C. To amplify DNA sequences
D. To replicate DNA in the laboratory
_____23. Which of the following describes a criterion used to assess the safety of genetically modified
organisms (GMO) foods before they are allowed to be sold in the marketplace?
A. increase in crop yields
B. longer shelf-life of foods
C. toxicity or direct health effects
D. less cost in producing GMO foods
_____24. There is a lot of mistrust surrounding the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) especially
among farmers. Research is currently ongoing to test what are the effects of long-term use of GMOs. Which of
the following are the advantages of using GM crops?

A. They can produce larger yields.

B. They can create more pests among plants.
C. They make animals that eat them GMOs as well
D. They are immortal and will never need to be replaced

_____25. Farming is one of the largest agricultural sectors in the Philippines. Studies were conducted on how
to improve this sector and one of which is through genetic engineering. Which of the following is a benefit
brought about by genetic engineering in farming?

A. Lessening of weeds and crop yields

B. Creation of infectious bacteria
C. Production of more weeds and crops in farms
D. Production of fast-growing and pest-resistant crops

_____26. The digestive system breaks down food into simple nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats and
proteins. Which of the following states the complete description of the digestive system?
A. It uses the alimentary canal as entrance of food and exit of waste.
B. It can also be performed by invertebrates (like sponges) through the skin.
C. It has four stages for the food to breakdown and eliminate this includes ingestion, digestion,
absorption, and elimination.
D. It can also be performed by cnidarians (such as coral, jellyfish, anemone) through the gastrovascular
cavity.
_____27. Positive feedback loops amplify the starting signal. Which of the following is an example of positive
feedback?

A. The body shivers to generate heat.

B. Blood vessels dilate to lower body temperature.
C. Increasing muscle contraction during childbirth.
D. Insulin is released to stop blood sugar from rising.

_____28. If an individual were to sustain a significant injury to their right cerebral hemisphere, where might
somatosensory loss of functioning occur?
A. Left side of the body.
B. Right side of the body.
C. Both sides of the body.
D. There is no evidence that loss of functioning would occur.
_____29. Autonomic nervous system is a component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates
involuntary physiologic processes including heart rate, respiration, and digestion. It contains three
anatomically distinct divisions: sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric. Which of the following statements
correctly describes the activation of autonomic nervous system function within the circulatory system?
A. Parasympathetic nervous system activation increases heart rate.
B. Sympathetic nervous system activation decreases cardiac output.
C. Parasympathetic nervous system activation constricts arteries found within erectile tissue.
D. Sympathetic nervous system activation constricts arteries found within the salivary glands.

_____30. Which of the following processes describes how the feedback mechanism
maintains your body temperature when your surroundings are very hot?
A. The brain sends a message to the skin. The muscles in the skin contract, or shiver, to cool the body.
B. The skin starts sweating. Sweat sends a message to the brain, which sends a response to stop sweating.
C. Heat receptors in the skin send a message to the brain. The brain sends a response to start sweating, which
cools the body.
D. The muscles in the skin contract, which sends a message to the brain that you feel hot. The brain sends a
message to the skin’s heat receptors.

_____31. Hormones are chemical substances that act like messenger molecules in the body. After
consuming a banana split, which hormones would be expected to increase?
A. Glucagon
B. Insulin
C. Prolactin
D. Parathyroid hormone
_____32. The respiratory system and circulatory system work independently of each other, yet their
functions overlap to ensure the survival of organisms. Which of the following statements best
describes how they work together?
A. Both systems help in regulating the acidity of the blood.
B. Both systems are involved in removing Carbon Dioxide out of the body.
C. Both systems are concerned with the transportation of oxygen in the body.
D. Both systems work together to circulate blood and oxygen throughout the body.
_____33. Heart is the organ of the circulatory system but why is it also considered a trivial part of the
respiratory system?

A. The right side of the heart receives blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs.
B. The left side of the heart receives blood from the lungs and pumps it out of the body.
C. The heart acts as a pump, delivering food to the rest of the body through a network of
arteries and veins.
D. The heart and lungs work together to make sure the body has the oxygen-rich blood it needs
to function properly.

_____34. Which of the following statements describes the relationship between the respiratory system
and circulatory system?
A. The respiratory system, together with the circulatory system, delivers carbon dioxide to every cell in the body.
B. The respiratory system, together with the circulatory system, delivers oxygen to every cell in the body.
C. The respiratory system sends out its waste products through the circulatory system.
D. The respiratory system provides the nutrients distributed by the circulatory system.

_____35. How do circulatory and excretory systems work together to excrete waste materials?

A. Blood from the circulatory system collects waste materials from other body parts and
delivers them to the excretory system for excretion.
B. The excretory system provides the waste materials to the circulatory system which
transports them to different parts of the body.
 C. Waste is filtered by the heart which pumps it into the excretory system for excretion.
D. The excretory system helps the circulatory system by excreting blood through the urethra.

_____36. Evolution is the change in heritable traits of biological populations over successive
generations. Which of the following drives it?
A. Mutation drives evolution because changes in genetic makeup result in genetic malfunction..
B. Gene flow drives evolution because it happens when migrating organisms breed in their new location.
C. Natural selection drives evolution because it ensures that only the fittest organisms survive to pass their genes
onto the next generation.
D. Mutation, Gene flow and Natural Selection because they result in greater diversity of organisms that are more
adaptable to their environment.
_____37. As a person walks through a forest, he notices many kinds of flowers of different colors and species,
and there are trees that house a variety of birds and insects. As he looks down on the trunk of the tree, many
mushrooms sprout, and all kinds of ants live together. Which of the following is best observed in this
description?
A. Gradualism, because species experience changes in characteristics slowly and incrementally.
B. Convergent evolution, because phylogenetically independent organisms evolve anatomically different structure,
trait, or morphological feature that has the same function.
C. Theory of Natural Selection, because resources are limited in nature, organisms with heritable traits that favor
survival and reproduction.
D. Biodiversity, because the variability of organisms that came into existence, came along with evolution.
_____38. Charles Darwin defined evolution as “descent with modification” or the idea that species
change over time to give rise to new species. Which of the following explains how it works?
A. Organisms lose characteristics they do not require or use, and develop characteristics that are useful.
B. Natural selection produces individuals most able to survive and reproduce under the current local conditions.
C. The change in population is caused by inherited characteristics, hence, traits are better represented in the next
generation.
D. The Galapagos Islands finches with different beaks are evidence that competition for food has led to the
evolution of the finches.
_____39. Fossils are preserved evidence of organisms that lived in the distant past. They can be made
up of many different things like bones, shells, plants, or even markings like footprints that tell us about
an organism's behaviors. How do fossils support evolution?
A. Organisms in the fossil record are identical to living organisms.
B. Individual species disappear and reappear in the fossil record over time.
C. The fossil record provides evidence that organisms have changed over time.
D. The fossil record provides evidence that all organisms developed at the same time.

_____40. Species change over time due to different factors. Which of the following answer choices
BEST explains the picture?

A. Ancestors of giraffes acquired the urge of having longer necks, so they kept on stretching their necks so that
they could reach their food.
B. Due to frequent use, giraffes' necks became longer and this trait was passed on to their offspring.
C. Short-neck giraffes acquired longer necks and passed on this trait to their offspring.
D. Longer-neck giraffes survived while shorter-neck giraffes became extinct.
_____41. Refer to the image. In the cladogram, which organism is closely related to rodents and
rabbits?

A. Amphibians
B. Birds
C. Primates
D. Sharks
_____42. Evolutionary relationships are the relationships between two species that have a common
ancestor. Which of the following statements support the hypothesis that dolphins are more closely
related to humans than to fish?

A. Dolphins and humans have forelimbs with a similar bone structure, while fish do not.
B. Dolphins and humans have gill slits during embryonic stages of development, and so do fish.
C. Dolphins and fish have fins for swimming in aquatic environments, while humans have legs for
walking on land.
D. Dolphins and fish have less nucleotide differences in their ribosomal RNA gene sequences
than dolphins and humans do.

_____43. Refer to the image. The phylogenetic tree shows how three hypothetical species are related
to each other through common ancestors. Why are species 1 and 2 more closely related to each other
than either is to species 3?

A. Species 1 and 2 are more closely related because they have a common ancestor than species 3.
B. Species 1 and 2 are more closely related because they do not have a common ancestor than species 3.
C. Species 1, 2 and 3 are more closely related because they have a common ancestor before comparing it to
more detailed traits.
D. Species 1, 2 and 3 are related because they have a common ancestor but species 3 has a separate class and
this masks their evolutionary relationship.
_____44. Refer to the image. The cladogram represents the mammal and reptile clades. Explain why reptiles
and birds are placed in the same clade?

A. Reptiles and birds are placed in the same clades because the cladogram shows that the birds evolved from
reptiles.
B. Reptiles and birds are placed in the same clades because the cladogram shows that they have a common
ancestor.
C. The cladogram classifies mammals, reptiles, and birds in clades based on their evolutionary relationships.
D. Reptiles and birds are placed in the same clades because the cladogram shows that they have a common
ancestor with mammals.

_____45. A phylogenetic tree is a diagram used to reflect evolutionary relationships among organisms
or groups of organisms. How does a phylogenetic tree relate to the passing of time?
A. Some organisms that appear very closely related on a phylogenetic tree may not actually be closely related but
change only in time.
B. Organisms that appear closely related actually are; however, there are cases where organisms evolved through
convergence and appear closely related but are not.
C. The phylogenetic tree shows the order in which evolutionary events took place and in what order certain
characteristics and organisms evolved in relation to others.
D. The phylogenetic tree shows the order in which evolutionary events took place and in what order certain
characteristics and organisms evolved in relation to others but it does not relate to time.
_____46. What is the relationship between biotic potential and environmental resistance?
A. Biotic potential decreases the population of a species while environmental resistance decreases its growth.
B. Biotic potential increases the population of a species while environmental resistance limits its growth.
C. Biotic potential and environmental resistance are both factors that limit the population growth of species.
D. Biotic potential and environmental resistance are both factors that increase the population of species.
_____47. The factors that limit the biotic potential of an organism are called environmental resistance.
Which of the following examples refers to an abiotic factor for environmental resistance?

A. A certain prey has numerous predators to keep the population in check.

B. A tadpole is in competition with numerous fishes for eating microalgae in ponds.
C. Plants are dependent on the availability of sunlight and water in an ecosystem.
D. Bubonic plague, which is caused by a certain bacterium in mice, slowed the growth of
humans.
_____48. Refer to the image below. The image is a population graph from the predator-prey game.
Green indicates grass, blue indicates rabbits, and red indicates wolves. The rapid growth in grass
shown at the right of the graph is probably due to:

A. Rabbits becoming extinct

B. Rabbits going on diet
C. Wolves becoming extinct
D. Wolves controlling the rabbit population.

_____49. Refer to the image. Which of the following best interprets the shown diagram?

A. The relationship between different organisms is based on their feeding habits

such as being herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores.
B. All living things obtain food by eating other living things which provide the
nutrients converted to energy needed to perform biochemical processes.
C. The flow of energy is essential for the survival of species because the absence
of an element of the food chain can result in the extinction of an entire species.
D. Producers are the most important biotic factor in an ecosystem because they
utilize the primary source of energy to produce food that can be used by
consumers and decomposers.

_____50. The biotic potential among organisms varies from species to species. Similar to humans,
many large mammals produce one offspring per year or breeding season. How can you impact the
natural ecosystem in a POSITIVE way?

A. Start a garden in promotion of green and open spaces with the use of recycled plastic
bottles.
B. In cleaning the backyard, the trash that has accumulated should be burned.
C. Unplug unnecessary appliances that are not in use.
D. Strict implementation of Environmental Protection Laws

___________________________________E N D____________________________________

ANSWER KEY