Assignment On

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT
Difference among multiprogramming,
multithreading, and time sharing

Course tittle: Computing Fundamentals

Course Code: MGT 107

Submitted to:
Mohammad Abdul Jabber
Associate Professor
Department of management Submitted by:

University of Dhaka Md Shaifuddin

Roll: 012
Session: 2020-21(27th batch)
Department of Management
University Of Dhaka

Date of Submission :8 August, 2022

Windows:
Windows' ancestor is MS-DOS, a text-based OS Microsoft released in 1981.

MS-DOS was developed to be compatible with IBM PCs and it was very
successful. But to make it more accessible to the general public, it needed a
GUI, and that's what Microsoft shipped in 1985 with Windows 1.0.

Since then, Windows has released many versions, like 95, 98, XP, Vista and so
on... And has made itself the most widely used operating system worldwide.

Windows accessibility and the fact that it comes pre-installed in most

personal computers (thanks to commercial agreements) have made this OS
the most popular one to this day.

Mac OS:

Mac OS (previously called OS X) is a line of operating systems created by

Apple. It comes pre-installed on all Macintosh computers, or Macs. The first
version of it was released in 1984 and it was the first OS for personal
computers to come with a built-in GUI.

Mac OS is built on top of a UNIX-like OS, which is why this Mac OS shares
many common characteristics with GNU/Linux-derived ones.

In my opinion, Apple's business model is mainly based on differentiation and

exclusivity. Unlike Microsoft, Apple makes both the hardware and software of
their products, and Apple's software runs only on their own machines.
Apple has positioned itself as a top-tier manufacturer within the technology
market, aiming to offer its customers high quality hardware and software, for
a considerably higher price than most of the competition.

Linux OS:
The GNU project was started in 1983 with the idea of developing a free
UNIX-like OS (UNIX was property of AT&T so it wasn't available for free).
Stallman started developing programs and utilities necessary for the OS, but
one key piece was missing – the kernel.

The kernel is the heart of any OS. It's the piece of software that interacts the
closest with the hardware and the rest of the OS sits on top of it. The Kernel
is responsible for low-level tasks such as disk management, memory
management, task management, and so on.

By 1991, a student from Helsinki university named Linus Torvalds started

developing a Kernel for a UNIX-like OS.
The differences among Windows OS, Mac OS, Linux OS, are
shown here:
Term of Windows OS Mac OS Linux OS
Comparison
Mac and
GNU/Linux have
a similar file
system that
comes from
Windows uses UNIX. In these
"drives". They're OSs there are no
usually a C and drives –
D drive that everything in the
store all the computer is
File systems computer files, considered a file Same as Mac
and separate and all files are OS system.
drives for organized in
external devices directories that
such as CDs, descend from a
USBs, and so single root
on. directory. The
directory
structure is
formed as a tree
that has a unique
root.
Windows has
its own shell
that uses a
different syntax.
Both GNU/Linux
As developers and Mac have Same as Mac
Shells
and avid Bash as their OS system.
terminal users, default shell.
learning Bash is
probably the
best choice as
this knowledge
 can be more
easily translated
to all OSs than
the Windows
shell.
Mac and On Linux, the
All package
GNU/Linux come default
managers
with package package
function in a
managers manager
similar way, but
installed by depends on
there are some
default. A the distro
differences in
package manager and rest
the syntax used
is a piece of same to mac.
for each. It's
software that
also important
allows you to
to mention that
install, update,
you can install
and uninstall
and run a
programs from
different
the terminal, just
package
by entering a few
manager than
Package commands.
the default.
managers
They're super
Windows
helpful,
doesn't come
especially when
with a default
you're installing
package
and uninstalling
manager. If you
things constantly,
want one, you
as it's much more
need to install it
efficient to install
first. One of the
programs
package
through package
managers
managers than
available for
manually.
Windows
is Chocolatey.
Mac's package
manager is
called homebrew.
Windows has a Mac OS runs Linux distros
freemium model only on Mac are
Cost currently. And computers, completely
you can buy which are quite free for
premium pack pricey as you anyone to
also. may know. use.
 Windows is the Even though less Back in the
most widely popular, Mac OS day, Linux
used OS, and is similar to wasn't
thanks to that Windows in this compatible
most software is regard. with many
adapted to it. programs out
there, but
Software this has
compatibility started to
change
recently,
especially
with the
most popular
distros like
Ubuntu.
On the When it comes This is
Windows and to hardware, only particularly
Linux side, Apple has direct cool when
hardware responsibility for thinking
quality is the computers about
completely up that the OS runs installing
to what the user on. And Apple's lightweight
decides or can hardware is some Linux distros
afford to buy. of the best out on older
The good thing there. computers
here is that you that can't
can install the As a company, handle the
Hardware OS wherever Apple is focused requirements
quality and you want. on providing top of bigger and
quality products, more
compatibility
so their newest consuming
computers tend OSs like
to be the ones Windows.
with best
performance all
across the
market.

Given that Apple

designs and
develops both
hardware and
software, it's
 possible that the
compatibility
between the
machine and the
OS is tuned finer
than with
Windows or
Linux.
Windows and Very simple as Regarding
Mac are really windows OS. GNU/Linux,
simple and user- it depends on
friendly OS. the distro
you choose.
As
mentioned,
distros like
Ubuntu are
Ease of use practically as
easy as
Windows or
Mac, and
others like
Arch are
intended for
advanced
computer
users.
It is the most Some
secure GNU/Linux
Windows, on Operating distros are
the other hand, system among considered
is considered the most
these three OS.
the least secure secure and
and stable of stable ones
the three. Given nowadays.
Security and
that it's the The fact that
stability
most popular the code is
OS, most available to
malware is everyone
developed to isn't a
attack Windows security
OS too. threat as you
may think at
first – but
 rather it's an
advantage.
Bugs can be
identified
and worked
on quicker,
and when a
security
breach is
identified
lots of
people can
work on it
and propose
fixes.
Mac has its set of If you're
fans too and is interested in
particularly learning
popular among more about a
creatives particular
(graphical OS, studying
Windows is
designers, video how it works,
commonly used
editors, how to
by the general
animators, and so modify it and
user and in
on. create
corporate
projects
environments.
based on it,
Regarding GNU/Linux is
Community organization definitely the
and culture culture, I think it way to go.
could be It's the only
interesting to one that has
visualize it in its code
the working available to
environment of anyone and
the people who its online
created this community is
Oss. huge.

Even though
GNU/Linux
isn't as
widely used
as the other
two OSs, I
find Linux
users are
usually
people
interested in
software and
technology,
and people
who like to
talk, learn,
and share
knowledge
about it.