Artificial Intelligence (AI) PYTHON

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

 1. Introduction to Python
Python is an interpreted, high-level, general-purpose programming language. It was
created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991. Python is known for its
simplicity and readability, making it one of the most popular programming languages
today.

Easy to Read & Write: Python's syntax is straightforward and clean, making it easy for beginners.
• Versatile: Python is used in various fields like web development, data analysis, machine
learning, automation, and more.
• Large Community & Libraries: There are many libraries and frameworks available for
almost every need, like Flask for web apps, Pandas for data analysis, TensorFlow for
machine learning, etc.
 Basic Syntax

Variables and Data Types

Python has dynamic typing, meaning you don’t need to declare a variable type explicitly.

x=5 # Integer

y = 3.14 # Float

name = "Alice" # String

is_active = True # Boolean

print(x, y, name, is_active)

Comments

Use # for single-line comments.

# This is a comment

print("Hello, World!") # This is also a comment

ontrol Flow

If-Else Statements

Control the flow of your program with if, elif, and else.

age = 20

if age >= 18:

print("Adult")

else:

print("Minor")
 Functions

Functions allow you to group code into reusable blocks.

def greet(name):

return f"Hello, {name}!"

result = greet("Alice")

print(result)

Lists

Lists are ordered collections that can hold a variety of data types.

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

print(fruits[0]) # Access first item

fruits.append("orange") # Add item

print(fruits)

. Dictionaries

Dictionaries store key-value pairs.

person = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25, "city": "Wonderland"}

print(person["name"]) # Access value by key

person["age"] = 26 # Modify value

print(person)

Classes and Objects (OOP)

Python supports Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) with classes and objects.

class Person:

def init (self, name, age):

self.name = name

self.age = age
 def introduce(self):

return f"Hello, my name is {self.name} and I am {self.age} years old."

person1 = Person("Alice", 25)

print(person1.introduce())

Exception Handling

Handle errors gracefully using try, except, and finally.

try:

x = 1 / 0 # This will cause an error

except ZeroDivisionError as e:

print(f"Error: {e}")

finally:

print("This will always run.")

File Handling

Read and write files with Python.

# Write to a file

with open("example.txt", "w") as file:

file.write("Hello, file!")

# Read from a file

with open("example.txt", "r") as file:

content = file.read()

print(content)
Modules and Libraries

Python has a rich ecosystem of libraries for different tasks, such as math, data manipulation,

web development, etc.

import math

print(math.sqrt(16)) # Square root of 16

List Comprehensions

A concise way to create lists in Python.

squares = [x**2 for x in range(5)]

print(squares)

Lambda Functions

Short anonymous functions

square = lambda x: x**2

print(square(4)) # Outputs: 16

Regular Expressions

Use the re module for pattern matching.

import re

text = "The rain in Spain"

pattern = r"\bS\w+" # Word starting with 'S'

matches = re.findall(pattern, text)

print(matches)

Numpy (For Data Science)

Python has many libraries for scientific computing, like NumPy for working with arrays.
 import numpy as np

arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])

print(arr * 2) # Multiply each element by 2

Pandas (For Data Science)

For data manipulation, pandas is an essential library.

import pandas as pd

# Create a DataFrame

data = {'Name': ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie'], 'Age': [24, 27, 22]}

df = pd.DataFrame(data)

print(df)

Python Virtual Environments

A virtual environment is used to isolate your project’s dependencies.

python -m venv myenv

source myenv/bin/activate # On Unix/macOS

myenv\Scripts\activate # On Windows

Virtual Environment Folder Structure

Once created, the virtual environment folder (myenv) contains the following structure:

myenv/

├── bin/ # Contains the Python interpreter and scripts (Linux/macOS)

├── Include/ # Contains C headers (optional)

├── Lib/ # Contains Python libraries

├── Scripts/ # Contains the Python interpreter and scripts (Windows)

└── pyvenv.cfg # Configuration file for the virtual environment

 Requests - HTTP Requests Library

The Requests library is a simple HTTP library for sending HTTP requests.

It's commonly used to interact with web APIs.

Pandas - Data Analysis and Manipulation

Pandas is a powerful library for data analysis and manipulation,

particularly with tabular data (e.g., CSV files).

import pandas as pd

# Creating a DataFrame from a dictionary

data = {

Name": ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"],

"Age": [24, 27, 22],

"City": ["New York", "Los Angeles", "Chicago"]

}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)

# Print the DataFrame

print(df)

# Perform a simple operation

average_age = df["Age"].mean()

print(f"Average Age: {average_age}")

NumPy - Numerical Computing

NumPy is used for working with arrays and performing complex mathematical operations.

import numpy as np
 # Create a NumPy array

arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

# Perform mathematical operations on the array

arr_squared = arr ** 2

print("Squared Array:", arr_squared)

# Calculate the mean of the array

mean = np.mean(arr)

print("Mean:", mean)

Matplotlib - Data Visualization

Matplotlib is a library for creating static, animated, and interactive visualizations.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Data for plotting

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

# Create a simple line plot

plt.plot(x, y)

plt.title("Square Numbers Plot")

plt.xlabel("X values")

plt.ylabel("Y values")

plt.show()
 BeautifulSoup - Web Scraping

BeautifulSoup is a library for scraping web pages and extracting data from HTML and XML files.

import requests

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

# Get the webpage content

url = "https://www.example.com"

response = requests.get(url)

soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')

# Find and print all the hyperlinks (anchor tags)

for link in soup.find_all('a'):

print(link.get('href'))

Flask - Web Development Framework

Flask is a micro web framework for building web applications.

from flask import Flask

app = Flask( name )

@app.route('/')

def home():

return "Hello, Flask!"

if name == ' main ':

app.run(debug=True)
 Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the field of computer science that focuses on creating machines that can
perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.

These tasks include:

 Learning from experience (like a student)

 Understanding language (like Siri or ChatGPT)

 Recognizing images (like facial recognition)

 Making decisions (like a self-driving car)

Types of AI

 Narrow AI (Weak AI)

 Designed for one specific task

 Examples: Google Translate, facial recognition, recommendation systems

 General AI (Strong AI)

 Can perform any intellectual task a human can do (still theoretical)

 Superintelligent AI

 Hypothetical future AI that surpasses human intelligence

 Examples of AI in Daily Life

 Voice assistants (Alexa, Siri)

 Social media algorithms
 Self-driving cars
 Email spam filters
 Chatbots and virtual customer service

Why AI Matters

 Improves efficiency and productivity

 Enables automation of repetitive tasks
 Powers innovation in medicine, finance, transportation, and more

tep-by-step AI Code Example

1. Install required library

If you don’t already have it installed:

bash
Copy code
pip install scikit-learn

AI with Python Course Weekly schedule

Week 1: Basics of Python

● Python Installation
● What is Python
● Features of Python
● Variables
● Variable naming convention
● Data Types
● Variable Type Casting
 ● Input and Output
● Operators
● Keywords
● Conditional Statements(Types of operators, keywords, if, if-else, if-elif-else,
● Ternary expressions and match case)
● Loops in Python (for loop, while loop, nested loops, break, continue, pass)
● Functions in Python (def keyword, return statement, global & local variables,
recursion, lambda function, map function)

Week 2: Data Handling & Visualization

● Data Structures in Python (Lists, Tuples, Sets, Dictionaries)

● File Handling (File I/O: CSV and Error Handling in File I/O)

Introduction to Numpy (Numpy Arrays, Indexing, Slicing, Basic Numpy

operations, DataTypes in Numpy)

● Introduction to Pandas (DataFrames, Filtering, and Aggregations)

● Data Cleaning (Handling Missing values by deletion and imputation, Handling

● exact duplicates and fuzzy duplicate values)

● Data Visualisation Techniques (Introduction to Matplotlib library, seaborn library
and scikit-learn library)

Week 3: Data Analysis and Statistics for AI

● Covariance and Correlation

● Descriptive Statistics and Data Distribution (Measures of Central Tendency,

Measures of Dispersion, Measures of Shape, Data Distributions)

● Probability in AI (Basic Concepts of Probability, Types, Key Rules of Probability

and Applications of Probability in AI)
Week 4: Introduction to Machine Learning
● Introduction to Machine Learning

● Machine Learning Models (Supervised, Unsupervised and reinforcement learning,

Linear Regression, Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, Support Vector Machines,
K-Nearest Neighbors, Neural Networks, K-Means Clustering, Hierarchical
Clustering, Principal Component Analysis, Apriori Algorithm)

Week 5: ML Concepts
● Machine Learning Pipeline, Train and Test Data Split

● Evaluation Metrics for classification models and regression models

● Overfitting and Underfitting (Bias, Variance, Causes of Overfitting and

● Underfitting and strategies to prevent Overfitting and Underfitting)

● 2 Hands-On Mini Projects (House Sales price prediction and Loan Eligibility
prediction)

Week 6: Basics of Deep Learning

● Introduction to Deep Learning
● Neural Networks, Neurons
● Network Architecture, Forward and backward propagation
● Activation Functions, Types of Neural Networks
● Epochs, Splitting Datasets and Workflow
Week 7: Deep Learning Hands-On
● Normalisation, One-Hot Encoding
● Understanding Image Classification, Working with image datasets like MNIST,
Model Training and evaluation, Hands-on project to classify hand written digits
using Mnist Dataset.

Week 8: Real Time Project

● Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (What is AI, Core Concepts of AI, Branches
● of AI, AI Capabilities, Challenges and Ethical Considerations in AI, Real-Life
Examples of AI)

● Relationship between AI, ML, DL

● Final Hands-on project - Movie Recommendation System (Introduction on

use-case and Dataset, Data Preprocessing, NLP Techniques- TfidfVectorizer

● , Cosine Similarity, Developing a recommendation Model, Build a UI dropdown

for User Interaction)

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