WOLLEGA UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
Fundamental of programming Assignment
Submitted by Kume Disea Fagessa.................................WU
Submission date: November, 09/2024
I. Answer the following questions accordingly
Answer:
1. Writing C++ Statements for Incrementing x
1. x = x + 1;
2. x += 1;
3. x++;
4. ++x;
2. Writing C++ Statements
a. Print the message "This is a C++ program" with each word on a separate line:
cout << "This\nis\na\nC++\nprogram" << endl;
b .Declare variables sum and x to be of type int:
int sum, x;
c. Set variable x to 1:
x = 1;
d. Set variable sum to 0:
sum = 0;
e. Add variable x to variable sum and assign the result to variable sum:
sum += x;
f. Print "The sum is: " followed by the value of variable sum:
cout << "The sum is: " << sum << endl;
g. In one statement, assign the sum of the current value of x and y to z and post-increment the
value of x:
z = x++ + y;
h. Determine whether the value of the variable count is greater than 10. If it is, print "Count is
greater than 10":
if (count > 10) {
cout << "Count is greater than 10" << endl;
}
i. Pre-decrement the variable x by 1, and then subtract it from the variable total:
total -= --x;
j. Calculate the remainder after q is divided by divisor and assign the result to q:
q %= divisor;
3. State the values of each variable after the calculation is performed. Assume that, when
each statement begins executing, all variables have the integer value 5.
a. product •= x++i
b. quotient /— -1-lx;
a. product *= x++i
This statement involves the multiplication assignment (*=) operator, which multiplies product
by the right-hand side of the equation and assigns the result back to product. Let's look at the
components:
x++: This is the post-increment operator. It means that the value of x is used first, and
then x is incremented. Since x = 5 at the start, the value used in the calculation is 5, and
then x becomes 6.
i: The value of i is 5 initially.
So the operation is:
product=product×(x++×i)\text{product} = \text{product} \times (x++ \times
i)product=product×(x++×i)
Substituting the values:
product=5×(5×5)\text{product} = 5 \times (5 \times 5)product=5×(5×5) product=5×25=125\
text{product} = 5 \times 25 = 125product=5×25=125
Now, after this operation:
product = 125
x = 6 (since x++ increments it after the multiplication)
i = 5 (remains unchanged)
b. quotient /= -1 - x;
This statement involves the division assignment (/=) operator, which divides quotient by the
right-hand side expression and assigns the result to quotient. Let's break it down:
x is now 6 after the previous operation.
The expression -1 - x becomes:
−1−6=−7-1 - 6 = -7−1−6=−7
So, the operation is:
quotient=quotient/(−7)\text{quotient} = \text{quotient} / (-7)quotient=quotient/(−7)
Since quotient starts at 5, the operation is:
quotient=5/(−7)≈−0.714\text{quotient} = 5 / (-7) \approx -0.714quotient=5/(−7)≈−0.714
Now, after this operation:
quotient ≈ -0.714
x remains 6
Final values after both operations:
product = 125
quotient ≈ -0.714
x=6
i=5
4. Question on Code Fragment
For the code:
if (x < 10)
if (y > 100)
if (!done)
x = z;
else
y = z;
else
cout << "Error";
The last else statement is associated with if (x < 10) due to the way C++ associates else with the
nearest preceding unmatched if.
5. For Loop that Counts from 1000 to 0 by -2
for (int i = 1000;
i >= 0;
i -= 2) {
// Loop body
}
II. Flow Charts
a) Receive a number and determine whether it is positive, negative, or zero.
Input: Number
Decision: If the number > 0, print "Positive". If the number < 0, print "Negative". Else,
print "Zero".
b) Find the area of a circle where the radius is provided by the user.
Input: Radius
Calculation: Area = π * radius * radius
Output: Area
c) Find the average of two numbers given by the user.
Input: Number1, Number2
Calculation: Average = (Number1 + Number2) / 2
Output: Average
d) Add the even numbers between 0 and a positive integer provided by the user.
Input: Integer
Loop: For numbers from 0 up to input integer, add even numbers to a sum.
Output: Sum of even numbers
III. Pedicting the Output of Code Fragments
a)
for (i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
continue;
cout << "i*****\n";
}
Output: Nothing will be printed because continue skips the cout statement.
b)
if (n > 0)
if (n < 10)
cout << "n is small";
else
cout << "n is negative";
Assuming n = 20: The output will be "n is negative".
c)
for (i = 1; ; i++) {
cout << "EE...\n";
break;
}
Output: "EE...\n" (one time, then exits the loop due to break).
d)
int x = 6, y = 2, z;
z = x + y++;
cout << --x << endl;
x += x;
cout << y++ << endl;
z /= 2;
cout << z; Step-by-Step Output Calculation:
Step1: z = 6 + 2 = 8 (post-increment y to 3 after assignment)
Step 2: cout << --x << endl; outputs 5 (x decremented to 5)
Step 3: x += x; doubles x to 10
Step 4: cout << y++ << endl; outputs 3 (y post-increments to 4)
Step 5: z /= 2; makes z = 4
Step 6: cout << z; outputs 4
