Intreduction to Scratch

Learn ing Outco mes

1
The student will be able to:
, explain the concept of programs.
, start Scratch 3.0 and list its variou s components.
, move a sprite and dra w colou rful shapes .
I

•._,, save and open a Scratch project.

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gh a language, is n·t it ? A
How do you expre ss your feelin gs to your family and fr iends? Throu
ages, like Hindi , English,
language is a mediu m to talk or write. You may speak diffe rent langu
a comm on langu age,
or any other regional language, but to intera ct with any person , you need
which both of you can speak and under stand.
learn the language
In the same way, if you want to give instructions to a computer, you need to
age that you speak. It
that a comp uter under stand s. A computer does not understand the langu
is used to write a set of
under stands only progr ammi ng languages. A programming language
you want.
instructions, using which you can make a computer do any activity that

0 S~rat~µ- A Simple Programming Language

IC' t> c {i \U'- 6 c._~ k\\ create games , animated
\i:.cratch is one of the easiest programming languages. You can use it to
ng Kinde rgarten Group
stories, and projects with great eas~ Scratch was developed by the Lifelo
Mitch el Resnick in 2003.
at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Media Lab, led by
stc:-p-by-step, in a r-iro.:~ J.r
Any task that you perform includes many steps. It should be completed,
sequence.
Suppose Kunal's teacher asks him to bring notebooks
of his class from the computer lab. As he is new in the
school, she guides him how to reach the computer
lab. She gives him the fo llowing instructions:

""
EU~ ple ~

~
Move to th e left from the class and go straight .
After crossing·five classes, take a left turn.
Then , go forward and after crossing six classes.
take a righ t turn .

~ After cross ing three classes. you wi ll reach the

computer lab.

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wis'-' Inst ru,:tIons 111\' lrnown 11s II J'ro~rnm. · 01 S ·r·it c:ll 3,0.
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s\·rntrh, Pytl\\H\, lnvn. l'l r . In this clwptL'L you w

C) Starting S"Talrh
' l(l stnrt Srrn h.:h, follmv the steps given below :

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Figure 6.1: Starting Scratch II ' ~
. .. . a ~e... u40\\e.~, ~~
(') _Mam Components ot Scratch ',-I 'NJ"'" c,..~t.. ,,.t. lk ~ ~,.'L.. "'-"ll
Following are the main components of' the Scratch window. ·-, ..__,
Full Scree n
LMenu Bar ) lTitle Berl Control~
1!!111 ., ,. ,.. • - ..... ""'-'. .
•• ~

l Scripts Area ]

[ Sprite List • •

~~
Choose a Choose a
~ Extension - ~ ; ckdrop B,non
It==
~ t- Figure 6.2: Components of Scratch Window

Sprite ~
~rite is a small graphic charact~r that p:rforms _act_ions in a Scratch projefij Scratch provides
a number of inbuilt sprites{Cat 1s the default spnte m ScratcD _~ I I ~
Sta ~ W~ t~ ~ tt~t,.v.U-- ~~k \\\. H ~ ·
(ft isg! e main working area where the sprite moves and performs actions, as per the given
instruction})On it, you can watch stones, play games, and run projects that you have created.
Blocks Palette

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r.-r1The Blocks palette contains a set of blocks that is used to prooram the
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spnte an give ac 0 o

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toJP, Each block performs some specific tasks in a project. It is used to create scripts in Scratch.
The blocks connect with each other, just like a jig-saw puzzle.

Script_ ..bt~'"'-e___--
{i. script i :collection of step-wise instructions that is given to a sprite to do a specific ta~, ,. /I
script consists of at least two blocks.) A. k~r-t- ~~~J ol W ~IJ IMA-0 .b~.9
Scripts Area \J~ ~~ I
@e Scripts Area is the place where you create a script for a sprite to do a particular task.)
The script is created by dragging the instructions from the blocks palette an~ dropping th em •
step-wise one below the other.~ script is also called a Program.) ~ °'- f wivJ- r&J~M.~?
~ .
Let us learn how to drag and drop the blocks in the Scripts Area:

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• .if::11&
Left Click Drop

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\ I /

- - -- - - - - - - -· "'- -------------
Figure 6.3: Drag and Drop Blocks in the Scripts Area

(!) Moving a Sprite

~ the instructions (blocks) related to the movement of a sprite are given under the Motion
categorx) \.J IJ ck c.!-"10~!u 'lb ~ b ~ ~ ~.\. ~ ~""-'";;Hf'
Let us create a Scratch project to move the sprite in a circular motion. ~ .
~ Open the Scratch window.
~ By default, the Motion category is displayed on the left side of the Scratch window.
~ Click on the -.;.;a• block and drag it to the Scripts Area.
~ Change the step number from 10 to 20 by typing in the number box.
~ Click on the block. You will notice that the Sprite moves a specified number of steps.
~ Click on the _._._ block. Now, drag and drop it on the Scripts Area. Place it below the
.........
block.

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~ Keep clicking on any block in the Scripts Area.
~ Observe that the sprite is moving 20 steps --
forwa r <l and turning 15 degrees in a circular
motion on the stage.

Let us u nd erstanq. the _use of the Motion blocks,

-----
which you have used in the project. , Figure 6.4 .• Moving and Turning the Sprite
.

·
This .
block moves the sprite 20 steps m c
the 1orward d'1rection. To move the sprite
in the backward direction, type a negative number, for example, -20 ·

I
This block is used to turn the sprite in the clock-wise direction. To turn th e sprite
in the anti-clockwise direction, use the ._...- - block. \

e} Drawing a Colourful Circle

To draw shapes, you need the Pen blocks, which are not available in the Blocks panel, by default.
To add Pen blocks, click on the Add Extension button (located at the bottom-left comer) and
select the Pen thumbnail.
~e blocks of the Pen blocks palette allow the sprite to draw lines on the stag) change the
colour, and the thickness of lines) \..l\..J-
~~ ~ vl,~ ~,e_~ hl,,.t1__ ~ o-i--
Let us add some more blocks to the previous project. Observe the movement of the sprite on
the stage.

~ Click on the Pen [l\category (colour code green).

~ Select the Y· HM block from the Pen blocks palette.
~ Drag out the block and place it underneath the
block.

~ Now, click and pull the

I sel pen sae lo 0
Area. Place it below the
from 1 to 10.
u++e block onto the Scripts
block. Change the value

~ Drag out the block from the Pen blocks

palette and drop it at the end. Change the value from 10 to 20.

~ Keep clicking on any of the blocks in the Scripts Area till the
sprite completes its colourful circle. L______ ____

Let us understan d the use of the Pen blocks that you have used in Figure 6.5: Drawing a
Colourful Circle
the project.

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.........
V

- .
1111 s block puts the

.
h s rite moves on the stage.
pen down and draws a line as t · c P

s ecific nu mber. You can

TI 11 s block is used to set the thickness of the pen to a P
change the thickness of the pen by typing in the number box. I
- --+ -= -~ == ~~:_ _- -- -- 11 i
by •
block. You czn
/ changO per1 <:olol •
To change the colour of the pen, use the
. b . 1·n the number box.
change the colours of the pen by entering a num er

(9 Maki..ng a D\iplicate Copr. of a Sprite

\.J~e.\...._ h~J_ ~A "'1..e.1. ~ ~ e _ (>...
J -
~
A~J-~ Uf 't ~
u
~ create a duplicate copy of the .
sprite, the " ,.__ · blo~k is use~
~ Drag out the blocks from the / pen-

Motion and Pen blocks palette / chalge pen OOlof • by •

as shown in Figure 6.6. / . change pen !IIZfl by •

~ Snap the blocks together onto ii an edge, ~ i

the Scripts Area. Figure 6.6: Making Duplicate Copies of Sprite

~ Change the values of the blocks as given.

~ Click on any of the blocks to create the duplicate copy of the sprite.
~ Notice, as the sprite reaches the edge of the stage, it will bounce back and change its
direction.

Th" Q;j-·1 ··'; ·-• block is in the Motion blocks palette. It is used to turn the
sprite in the opposite direction as it reaches the edge of the stage.

e Adding Sound 1-\t,l,J t- (!_I).... ~O"- ~.u_ M IA...J._ i" ti('r ,.nirl ?\
Q!_le Sound blocks palette has different blocks that you can use to add sounds in r_our scrip...s)
Let's simply add the Meow sound in a script. For this, follow the given steps:

~ Make the script by dragging out the blocks as shown in Figure 6.7 and stack th~m
on top
of each other.
~ Click on the script to play the project.

~ You will hear the sound of a cat, i.e., 'Meow'.

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 Lers draw a drdel

l)lily SOUlld Meo.. • Urml oon,,

------ ---- --
Figure 6 .7 : Adding Sound in a Project

play sound Meow • ta1til done This block plays a specified sound. The script will pause until the sound has
finished playing.

This block is used to display a mess~ge on the screen.

Importing Sound from Library

When you open a Sound blocks palette, by default the Meow sound is selected. You can also
add, record, or upload a new sound in your project by following the given steps:
~ Click on the Sounds tab on the top of the Scripts Area.
~ A Sounds pane will appear. Select the Choose a Sound button on the left-bottom corner
of the window as shown in Figure 6.8.
~ The Choose a Sound dialog box appears as shown in Figure 6.9.

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Figure 6 .8 : Selecting Choose a Sound Button

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Fi g ure 6 .9 : Selecting a Sound
_,_
--- ·-
~ Choose any folder from the given options, for example, select the Notes folder and click
on OK.
~ Select a sound from the displayed options and click on OK.
~ Tue selected option will be added under the sound list of the play SCU'1d Meow • unbl done
block.

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 .,.
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Record a New Sound
To record a new sound , follow 1.11c given
. steps: _s~,trh JO ) tlY at~~t J
0 Click on the Record
nd
a IH:iili
option give n under the Choose a
Sou button, present on th e left-bott om corner of the window.
vtr~,on of W dtch •
,orM ~ with .i lot of
e11ting new f~.itu r"~, J
0 A Record Sound pane appears.
~uch ~s cloz~ns e,( r ,,w
~pr 1tP1, bac~gr,;ur,d~
D
and sound I• "'~~

0 Click_ on the Record a f;\ I#■ button to start your recording.

111e tune period of the recording starts increasing, whi ch indicates
releasl!d en 2 Januar/
20~ I
that the recording has begun.

Rotord Sound •

•Record

Figure 6.10: Record Sound Dialog Box

(
- Know the Fact
Scratch is used in more
0 Click on the Stop Recording button to stop your recording. than 150 countries and

0 To listen to the recording, click on the Play button O. availab1e 'n 40 cifu:rent
la,gLages.

0 The recorded sound will be added to the sound list and in the play
sound block with the name recording 1, automatically.
ploy sound Meow • unbl done

Ell
I U!RM
To record your own sound in the project, you need a microphone attached
to your computer system.

8 Saving a Scratch Project

Once you finish a project, always save it before closing the Scratch ,vindow.

To save the project, follow the given steps:

~ Click on the File tab. Select the Save to your computer option from The official w ebsite of
Scratch is:
the drop-down list.
lwww ~LratLh m1t .edu

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0 The Save As dialog box appears.

~ Choose the desired location where you want to save your Scratch project.
0
Assign a name to your project in the File name text box.
~ Click on the Save button.

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Figure 6.11 : Saving a Project Figure 6.12: Save As Dialog Box

0 Your Scratch project will be saved. You can open it whenever required.

E) Openi ng a Saved Project

To open a saved project, follow the given steps:
0 Click on the File tab.
0 Choose the Load from your computer option from
the drop-do wn list.
0 The Open dialog box appears. Figure 6.13: Opening a Scratch Project

0 Select the project that you want to open.

0 Click on the Open button.
0 The selected project opens in the Scratch window.

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Figure 6.14: Open Dialog Box

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0 Scratch is one of the .
, easiest programming languages.
0 )ou can use Scrat h .. .
c to create games, animated stories, and proJects wi th great ease.
0 Sprite is a small g h· .
rap IC character that performs actions in a Scratch proJect.
. d •fi task.
0 °
Script is a collect"10n f step-wise instruction s that are given to a sprite to o a speci c
0 Scripts Area is the P1ace where you create a script for a sprite to do a part1cu · Jar tas k·
0 All th e inS t ructions related to the movement of the sprite are given under the Motion blocks
category.
th
0 The blocks of the Pen blocks palette allow the sprite to draw lines on the stage, change e
colour, and the thickness of lines.
0 The blocks of the Sound blocks palette are used to add sounds in scripts.

~• BRAIN DEVELOPER)))

A. Fill in the blanks.

l. •· •·· .~ ..~.~ ·········· is one of the easiest programming languages.

b. b. . .... is a collection of step-wise instructions that is given to a sprite to do a

2. A ........ t..'.tifl..
specific task.

~ f.~. k..~. . . . . . .is a graphic character that moves on the stage.

3. ....... ..

4. The blocks of the ...........~...e..\1 ...... ............... ..blocks palette allow the sprite to draw lines on the stage,
change the colour, and thickness of lines.

5. In Scratch, the sprite moves on the .......... $.±~.i ~ . . .. . . when you run a program.
4P 0 Stage 0 Pen 0 Scratch 0 Script 0 Sprite

B. Write T for True and F for False.

1. Scripts Area is the place where you create a script.

(T ..i
·...........

2. Blocks palette is the area where the sprite performs a specific task. C¢'l
3. A script consists of at least two blocks.
=-,=',
•........... :
..... ·-.
4. You can turn the sprite only in the clock-wise direction. F ·'
'·............

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 .
•l
C. Select the corre ct option.
l . Scrntch provides a m11nb cr or inh11ih
~p rltrs
h. Icon~ c. Scri pts
2.
· .......... · ... · .......... ·· conta ins a ~c l of hl ncb. whi ch i.~ uM:d

I
to rrogram th e sprite.
✓ Block s Pakt k c. Scripts Area
h. Stage
~- . ............. ....... l)loL·k' pu Is IIle pen I
v ....-..
.• .~ ........... ..... town an(I c.Iraws a 1inc
· a.,, 1he ·spr·1te move s on the stage
·
C.
4
· Blocks related 10 move ment of sprite arc give n in th e .
..... catego ry.
/Mo tion
b. Pl'.ll c. Both a and b
5. Whk h of the following palett e has the sound blocks?
a. Motion
b. Music Ao und
D. Application-based ques tions.
l. Aarav ,vants to make a Scratch project wherein he wants
to move the sprite in forwa rd direction by
20 steps. Suggest him an appropriate block to perform this action
.
························· ················•····························· ····················•···························· ···························

2. Shreya wants to change the thickness of the pen while drawi

ng a trail behind the sprite. Suggest the
right block for her to use.

E. Answ er the following questions.

1. What is the use of Scratch?

2. What is a sprite?

··•····•·"·'•"··"·········· .. ............. . .... ... ... • • • • • . .. . . . . . . • .. • .... • .... ... ... • . . .. .. . .. .... . ... . .. . . . . . . .... ..... .. . .
. . . . . . . . .. . .. .. .. ...
....... . . . ...... . ... .
.. .. . .... ..... . u ..... .

3. Explain any two main parts of the Scratch window.

·····•······· ········ ........................................................................... .................. .... ···························

, , ··························· ·············· .................... ·······••···· ·······•"''•"•·"

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