C.S.

I COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE FOR

WOMEN
KARPAGA NAGAR, K.PUDUR, MADURAI-625007.

CERTIFICATE

RECORD OF PRACTICAL WORK IN: BRANCH:

THIS TO CERTIFY THAT THIS IS THE BONAFIDE RECORD OF PRACTICAL

WORK DONE BY………………………………………….REG.NO. ……………..…………………………….

IN THE YEAR………………….

STAFF IN-CHARGE

SUBMITTED FOR

PRACTICAL EXAMINATION

EXTERNAL EXAMINER

1.

2.
 INDEX

S.NO DATE CONTENT PAGE NO SIGNATURE

SQL QUERIES
1 DDL COMMANDS 1
2 DML COMMANDS 4
3 AGGREGATE FUNCTION 8
4 SUB-QUERY 13
PL/SQL PROGRAMS
5 ROWTYPE 17
6 FACTORIAL NUMBER 19
7 FIBONACCI SERIES 21
8 ARMSTRONG NUMBER 23
9 IMPLICIT CURSOR 25
10 EXPLICIT CURSOR 27
11 STRING MANIPULATION 29
12 EMPLOYEE DETAILS 31
13 GREATER NUMBER 33
14 EB BILL PREPARATION 35
15 EXCEPTION HANDLING 37
EX.NO:1 DDL COMMANDS

1. Create a Student Marklist with the following fields:

name,reg_no,mark_1,mark_2,mark_3.

Query 1:

SQL> create table student_Marklist(name varchar(20),reg_no number(5),mark_1

number(3),mark_2 number(3),mark_3 number(3));

Table created.

2. Show the structure of the Student Marklist table.

Query 2:.

SQL> desc student_Marklist;

Name Null? Type

--------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

NAME VARCHAR2(20)

REG_NO NUMBER(5)

MARK_1 NUMBER(3)

MARK_2 NUMBER(3)

MARK_3 NUMBER(3)

3. Add the new field Total to the Student Marklist table.

Query 3:

SQL> Alter table student_Marklist add(Total number(3));

Table altered.

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 SQL> desc student_Marklist;

Name Null? Type

---------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

NAME VARCHAR2(20)

REG_NO NUMBER(5)

MARK_1 NUMBER(3)

MARK_2 NUMBER(3)

MARK_3 NUMBER(3)

TOTAL NUMBER(3)

4. Modify the Not null value to field of reg_no in the student marklist table.

Query 4:

SQL> alter table student_Marklist modify(reg_no number(5)not null);

Table altered.

SQL> desc student_Marklist;

Name Null? Type

---------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

NAME VARCHAR2(20)

REG_NO NOT NULL NUMBER(5)

MARK_1 NUMBER(3)

MARK_2 NUMBER(3)

MARK_3 NUMBER(3)

TOTAL NUMBER(3)

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 5. Clear the screen.

Query 5:

SQL>cl scr;

Output:

SQL>

6. Delete the student marklist table.

Query 6:

SQL>drop table student_Marklist;

Table dropped.

7. Check the existence of the table.

Query 7:

SQL>desc Student_Marklist;

ERROR:

ORA-04043:object student does not exist.

RESULT:

Thus the above program is executed and the output is verified.

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EX.NO:2 DML COMMANDS

8. Insert 5 rows into the Student marklist table.

Query 8:

SQL> insert into student_Marklist values('&name','&reg_no',&mark_1,&mark_2,&mark_3);

5 rows inserted.

9. Display all the records from the Student Marklist table.

Query 9:

SQL> select*from student_Marklist;

NAME REG_NO MARK_1 MARK_2 MARK_3 TOTAL

-------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

Abi 1 98 99 100 297

Poojakumari 2 60 79 80 219

janani 3 45 55 80 180

Dharshini 4 35 12 55 102

Ayesha 5 75 46 50 171

10. Display only the name and reg_no for all the students.

Query 10:

SQL> select name,reg_no from student_Marklist;

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OUTPUT:

NAME REG_NO

-------------------- ----------

Abi 1

Poojakumari 2

janani 3

Dharshini 4

Ayesha 5

11. Display the name,mark_1,mark_2,mark_3,total of all the students which reg_no

is 1.

Query 11:

SQL> select name,mark_1,mark_2,mark_3,total from student_Marklist where reg_no=1;

OUTPUT:

NAME MARK_1 MARK_2 MARK_3 TOTAL

-------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

Abi 98 99 100 297

12. Display the name, mark_2 which mark_2 is less than 35.

Query 12:

SQL> select name,mark_2 from student_Marklist where mark_2<=35;

OUTPUT:

NAME MARK_2

-------------------- ----------

Dharshini 12

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 13. Change the mark_2 of the student to 86 whose mark_2 is 12.

Query 13:

SQL> update student_Marklist set mark_2=86 where mark_2=12;

1 row updated.

SQL> select*from student_Marklist;

NAME REG_NO MARK_1 MARK_2 MARK_3 TOTAL

-------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

Abi 1 98 99 100 297

Poojakumari 2 60 79 80 219

janani 3 45 55 80 180

Dharshini 4 35 86 55 102

Ayesha 5 75 46 50 171

14. Delect the student whose reg_no is 5.

Query 14:

SQL> delete from student_Marklist where reg_no=5;

1 row deleted.

SQL> select*From student_Marklist;

NAME REG_NO MARK_1 MARK_2 MARK_3 TOTAL

-------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

Abi 1 98 99 100 297

Poojakumari 2 60 79 80 219

janani 3 45 55 80 180

Dharshini 4 35 86 55 176

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 15. Delete all the records using Truncate in student marklist table.

Query 15:

SQL> truncate table Student_marklist;

Table truncated.

SQL> select*from student_Marklist;

no rows selected.

RESULT:

Thus the above program is executed and the output is verified.

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EX.NO:3 AGGREGATE FUNCTION

1. Create a Student with the following fields:

name,reg_no,mark_1,mark_2,mark_3.

Query 1:

SQL> create table student(name varchar(20),reg_no number(5),mark_1 number(3),mark_2

number(3),mark_3 number(3));

Table created.

2. Insert 5 rows into the Student table.

Query 2:

SQL> insert into student values('&name','&reg_no',&mark_1,&mark_2,&mark_3);

Enter the value for name:Abi

Enter the value for reg_no:1

Enter the value for mark_1:98

Enter the value for mark_2:99

Enter the value for mark_3:80

1 rows inserted.

…………………

………………….

SQL> select*from student;

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NAME REG_NO MARK_1 MARK_2 MARK_3

-------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

Abi 1 98 99 100

Poojakumari 2 60 79 80

janani 3 45 55 80

Dharshini 4 35 12 55

Ayesha 5 75 46 50

3. Add the new field Total to the Student Marklist table.

Query 3:

SQL> Alter table student add(Total number(3),average number(3));

Table altered.

SQL> desc student;

Name Null? Type

---------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

NAME VARCHAR2(20)

REG_NO NUMBER(5)

MARK_1 NUMBER(3)

MARK_2 NUMBER(3)

MARK_3 NUMBER(3)

TOTAL NUMBER(3)

AVERAGE NUMBER(3)

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4. To find the total and average of the student table.

SQL>update table student set total=mark_1+ mark_2+ mark_3;

SQL>update table student set average=total/3;

OUTPUT:

NAME REG_NO MARK_1 MARK_2 MARK_3 TOTAL AVERAGE

-------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------------

Abi 1 98 99 100 297 99

Poojakumari 2 60 79 80 219 73

Janani 3 45 55 80 180 60

Dharshini 4 35 12 55 176 59

Ayesha 5 75 46 50 102 34

5. To find the number of student in the student table.

SQL>select count(reg_no)from student;

OUTPUT:

COUNT(REG_NO)
-----------------------
5

6. Find the highest total among all in the student table.

SQL>select reg_no,name,max(total)from student;

OUTPUT:

NAME REG_NO TOTAL

---------- ------------- -----------

Abi 1 297

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7. Find the minimum average among all the student.

SQL>select name,reg_no,total,avg(average)from student;

OUTPUT:

NAME REG_NO TOTAL AVERAGE

--------- ------------- ---------- ----------------
Ayesha 1 102 34

8. Find the total of mark_3 column in the student table.

SQL>select sum(mark_3)from student;

OUTPUT

SUM(MARK_3)
-----------------------
365

9. Display the student name the letter starts from P.

SQL>select*from student where name=’P%’;

OUTPUT:

NAME REG_NO MARK_1 MARK_2 MARK_3 TOTAL AVERAGE

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------------

Poojakuma 2 60 79 80 219 73

10. Display the records who’s got the average above 90 percent.

SQL>select*from student where average>90;

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 OUTPUT:

NAME REG_NO MARK_1 MARK_2 MARK_3 TOTAL AVERAGE

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------------

Abi 1 98 99 100 297 99

RESULT:

Thus the above program is executed and the output is verified.

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EX.NO:4 SUB-QUERY

1. Create a Customer table with the following fields:

(id,name,age,address,salary)

Query 1:

SQL> create table customer(id int not null,,name varchar(20),age number(3),address

varchar(20),salary number(7),primary key(id));

Table created.

2. Insert 5 rows into the Customer table.

Query 2:

SQL> insert into customer values(&id,'&name',&age,’&address’,&salary);

5 rows inserted.

3. Display all the records from the Customer table.

Query 3:

SQL> select*from customer;

ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY

---------- --------- -------- ---------------- ----------

1 Abi 21 Madurai 25000

2 Poojakumari 22 Mathur 50000

3 Janani 20 Madurai 35000

4 Dharshini 23 Pudur 27000

5 Ayesha 24 Madurai 37000

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Query 4:

Select*from customer where id in(select id from customer where salary > 25000);

OUTPUT:

ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY

---------- --------- -------- ---------------- ----------

2 Poojakumari 22 Mathur 50000

3 Janani 20 Madurai 35000

4 Dharshini 23 Pudur 27000

5 Ayesha 24 Madurai 37000

Query 5:

SQL> create table customer_new(id int not null,,name varchar(20),age

number(3),address varchar(20),salary number(7),primary key(id));

Table created.

Query 6:

SQL> insert into customer_new select*from customer where id in (select id from customer);

Select*From customer_new;

ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY

---------- --------- -------- ---------------- ----------

1 Abi 21 Madurai 25000

2 Poojakumari 22 Mathur 50000

3 Janani 20 Madurai 35000

4 Dharshini 23 Pudur 27000

5 Ayesha 24 Madurai 37000

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Query 7:

SQL>update customer set salary=salary*0.25 where age in(select age from customer_new where
age >=20);

OUTPUT:

5 rows updated.

Query 8:

select*from customer;

OUTPUT:

ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY

---------- --------- -------- ---------------- ----------

1 Abi 21 Madurai 6250

2 Poojakumari 22 Mathur 12500

3 Janani 20 Madurai 8750

4 Dharshini 23 Pudur 6750

5 Ayesha 24 Madurai 9250

Query 9:

SQL>delete from customers where age in(select age from customer_new where age >= 23);

OUTPUT:

2 rows deleted.

Query 10:

select*from customer;

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OUTPUT:

ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY

---------- --------- -------- ---------------- ----------

1 Abi 21 Madurai 6250

2 Poojakumari 22 Mathur 12500

3 Janani 20 Madurai 8750

RESULT:

Thus the above program is executed and the output is verified.

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EX.NO:5 ROWTYPE

AIM:

To write a PL/SQL Program for Rowtype using employee table.

CODING:

declare

employee customer_Abi%rowtype;

begin

employee.id:=&id;

employee.name:='&name';

employee.age:=&age;

employee.address:='&address';

employee.salary:=&salary;

insert into customer_Abi(id,name,age,address,salary)values(employee.id,employee.name,

employee.age,employee.address,employee.salary);

dbms_output.put_line('ROW INSERTED');

end;

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OUTPUT:

RESULT:

The given program is run successfully.

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EX.NO:6 FACTORIAL NUMBER

AIM:

To write a PL/SQL Program for Factorial number using While loop.

CODING:

declare

n number:=&n;

f number:=1;

i number:=1;

begin

while(i<=n)

loop

f:=f*i;

i:=i+1;

end loop;

dbms_output.put_line('The factorial of '||n||' is '||f);

end;

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OUTPUT:

RESULT:

The given program is run successfully.

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EX.NO: 7 FIBONACCI SERIES

AIM:

To write a PL/SQL Program for Fibonacci series using For loop.

CODING:

declare

n number:=&n;

a number;

b number;

c number;

i number;

begin

dbms_output.put_line('FIBONACCI SERIES ARE');

a:=0;

b:=1;

dbms_output.put_line(a);

dbms_output.put_line(b);

for i in 2..n

loop

c:=a+b;

dbms_output.put_line(c);

a:=b;

b:=c;

end loop;

end;/

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OUTPUT:

RESULT:

The given program is run successfully.

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EX.NO:8 ARMSTRONG NUMBER

AIM:

To write a PL/SQL Program for Armstrong number using while.

CODING:

declare

n number(3);

s number(3):=0;

r number(3);

t number(3);

begin

n:=&n;

t:=n;

while(n>0)

loop

r:=n mod 10;

s:=s+(r*r*r);

n:=trunc(n/10);

end loop;

if(s=t)then

dbms_output.put_line('Given number is artmstrong');

else

dbms_output.put_line('given number is not a armstrong');

end if;

end;/

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OUTPUT:

RESULT:

The given program is run successfully.

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EX.NO:9 IMPLICIT CURSOR

AIM:

To write a PL/SQL Program for Implicit cursor using customer table.

CODING:

declare

total_rows number(2);

begin

update customer set salary=salary+5000;

if sql% notfound then

dbms_output.put_line('no customer update');

elsif sql% found then

total_rows:=sql% rowcount;

dbms_output.put_line(total_rows||' number of customer update');

end if;

end;

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OUTPUT:

RESULT:

The given program is run successfully.

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EX.NO: 10 EXPLICIT CURSOR

AIM:

To write a PL/SQL Program for Explicit cursor using customer table.

CODING:

declare

c_id customer.id%type;

c_name customer.name%type;

c_address customer.address%type;

cursor c_customer is select id,name,address from customer;

begin

open c_customer;

loop

fetch c_customer into c_id,c_name,c_address;

exit when c_customer% notfound;

dbms_output.put_line(c_id||' '||c_name||' '||c_Address);

end loop;

close c_customer;

end;

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OUTPUT:

RESULT:

The given program is run successfully.

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EX.NO:11 STRING MANIPULATION

AIM:

To write a PL/SQL Program for String manipulation.

CODING:

declare

s1 varchar2(15);

s2 varchar2(15);

s3 varchar2(30);

s4 varchar2(30);

s5 varchar2(30);

s6 varchar2(30);

s7 varchar2(30);

s8 varchar2(40);

begin

dbms_output.put_line('Enter the string 1 and 2');

s1:='&s1';

s2:='&s2';

dbms_output.put_line('Given string'||s1||' '||s2);

s3:=upper(s1||''||s2);

dbms_output.put_line('Upper string'||s3);

s4:=lower(s1||' '||s2);

dbms_output.put_line('Lower string'||s4);

s5:=ltrim(s1||s2);

dbms_output.put_line('Ltrim string'||s5);

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s6:=rtrim(s1||s2);

dbms_output.put_line('Rtrim string'||s6);

s7:=initcap(s1||s2);

dbms_output.put_line('Initcap string'||s7);

s8:=concat(s1,s2);

dbms_output.put_line('Concat string'||s8);

end;

OUTPUT:

RESULT:

The given program is run successfully.

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EX.NO:12 EMPLOYEE DETAILS

AIM:

To write a PL/SQL Program for showing the how many records in employee detail table
using Function creation.

CODING:

create or replace function totalemp return number is

total number(2):=0;

begin

select count(*)into total from emp_Abi;

return total;

end;

declare

total number(2);

begin

total:=totalemp();

dbms_output.put_line('Total number of records '||total);

end;

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OUTPUT:

RESULT:

The given program is run successfully.

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EX.NO:13 GREATER NUMBER

AIM:

To write a PL/SQL Program for Greater number using Procedure creation.

CODING:

create or replace procedure findmax(a in number,b in number)is

begin

dbms_output.put_line('Greater number is: ');

if a>b then

dbms_output.put_line(a);

else

dbms_output.put_line(b);

end if;

end;

declare

x number;

y number;

begin

x:=&x;

y:=&y;

findmax(x,y);

end;

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OUTPUT:

RESULT:

The given program is run successfully.

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EX.NO:14 EB BILL PREPARATION

AIM:

To write a PL/SQL Program for EB Bill.

CODING:

declare

eno number(10):=&eno;

ename varchar(10):='&ename';

cr number(10):=&cr;

pr number(10):=&pr;

r number(10);

a number(10);

begin

r:=cr-pr;

dbms_output.put_line('OUTPUT: ');

dbms_output.put_line('Total readings = '||r);

if(r>=700)then

a:=r*5;

dbms_output.put_line('Electric bill amount = '||a);

elsif(r>=500)then

a:=r*3;

dbms_output.put_line('Electric bill amount = '||a);

elsif(r>=300)then

a:=r*2;

dbms_output.put_line('Electric bill amount ='||a);

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else

dbms_output.put_line('FREE CURRENT');

end if;

end;

OUTPUT:

RESULT:

The given program is run successfully.

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EX.NO:15 EXCEPTION HANDLING

AIM:

To write a PL/SQL Program for Exception handling using student table.

CODING:

declare

c_id customer_Abi.Id%type;

c_name customer_Abi.Name%type;

c_add customer_Abi.Address%type;

begin

c_id:='&id';

select Name,Address into c_name,c_add from customer_Abi where id=c_id;

dbms_output.put_line('name :'||c_name||' address: '||c_add);

exception

when no_data_found then

dbms_output.put_line('no such customer');

when others then

dbms_output.put_line('error');

end;

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OUTPUT:

RESULT:

The given program is run successfully.

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