LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
A Library Management System (LMS) is a sophisticated software solution designed
to streamline the administration and management of library operations. It serves as a
comprehensive platform for cataloguing books, tracking loans, managing user accounts, and
ensuring the smooth circulation of materials. An LMS simplifies the workflow for librarians,
enhances the user experience for patrons, and provides valuable insights through reporting
and analytics. By integrating features such as book reservations, overdue alerts, and access to
digital resources, an LMS transforms the traditional library setup into a modern, efficient, and
user-friendly environment that caters to the needs of students, faculty, and library staff alike.

Key Features of a Library Management System:

 Book Cataloguing: Organizes books and other materials using metadata like titles,
authors, ISBN, and subject categories.
 Member Management: Manages member information, including registration,
renewals, and fines.
 Circulation Management: Tracks the borrowing and returning of library materials.
 Inventory Management: Maintains a record of available items and generates reports
on missing or damaged items.
 Search and Retrieval: Allows users to search for books and other materials using
keywords, titles, authors, or subject categories.
 Reservation and Holds: Enables users to reserve books that are currently checked out.
 Report Generation: Provides various reports on library usage, overdue items, and
other relevant statistics.
 Online Access: Offers online access to library catalogues, allowing users to search
and request materials remotely

By implementing an LMS, libraries can enhance their services, improve customer

satisfaction, and optimize resource utilization.

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1.2 OBJECTIVE
The primary objective of a Library Management System (LMS) is to streamline and
automate various library operations, enhancing efficiency and improving the overall user
experience. By digitizing manual processes, an LMS aims to:

 Efficient Resource Management: Effectively manage the acquisition, cataloguing,

categorization, and retrieval of library resources, such as books, journals, multimedia
files, and digital information.
 Streamlined Operations: Automate repetitive tasks like cataloguing, circulation, and
inventory management, reducing manual errors and boosting staff productivity.
 Enhanced User Experience: Provide a user-friendly interface and easy access to
resources, improving the overall experience for library users.
 Accurate Record Keeping: Maintain accurate records of all library transactions,
reducing errors and improving accountability.
 Optimized Resource Utilization: Track resource usage and provide detailed analytics,
helping to optimize the use of available resources.
 Facilitated Integration: Integrate with digital resources and other library systems,
ensuring a cohesive and efficient operation.

By achieving these objectives, an LMS empowers libraries to deliver better services, improve
resource utilization, and ultimately enhance the overall library experience for both staff and
patrons.

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1.3 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The scope of this Library Management System (LMS) project encompasses the
development and implementation of a software application that automates various library
operations, including book cataloguing, member registration, circulation, and inventory
management. The system will provide a user-friendly interface for both librarians and library
patrons, enhancing efficiency and improving overall library services.

1.4 EXISTING SYSTEM

Traditionally, libraries relied on manual systems to manage their operations. These

systems involved card catalogues, paper-based records, and manual check-in/checkout
processes. While these methods were functional, they were often time-consuming, prone to
human error, and lacked the efficiency and scalability of modern digital solutions.

1.4.1 EXISTING SYSTEM DISADVANTAGES:

Key limitations of the traditional system include:

 Inefficient Search and Retrieval: Manual card catalogues were slow and cumbersome,
making it difficult for users to find specific books or materials.
 Error-Prone Record Keeping: Human error in manual data entry could lead to
inaccurate records, lost items, and difficulty in tracking usage statistics.
 Limited Accessibility: Traditional libraries had limited opening hours, restricting
access to resources for many users.
 Difficulty in Managing Large Collections: As libraries grew, managing large
collections became increasingly challenging and time-consuming.

1.5 LITERATURE SURVEY

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The evolution of library management systems can be traced back to the early
cataloguing systems of the 19th century, which relied on manual processes and card
catalogues. The advent of computer technology in the mid-20th century revolutionized library
operations, leading to the development of integrated library systems (ILS) that automated
cataloguing, circulation, and acquisition processes. Over time, ILS evolved into more
sophisticated Library Management Systems (LMS), encompassing a wide range of
functionalities such as digital resource management, patron analytics, and mobile access.
Research in this area has highlighted the importance of LMS in improving organizational
efficiency, enhancing user experiences, and adapting to the changing needs of libraries and
their patrons.

Efficient book-issuing processes are essential for ensuring equitable access to library
resources and maximizing their utilization. Research has emphasized the significance of
streamlining book issuing workflows, reducing wait times, and minimizing administrative
burdens on library staff. Studies have also explored the impact of digital lending platforms
and self-service kiosks on book issuing efficiency, highlighting their potential to enhance
user convenience and satisfaction. The literature on emerging trends and technologies in
library services has identified several key developments shaping the future of book-issuing
processes. Furthermore, research has explored the potential of block chain technology for
enhancing the security and transparency of book issuing transactions, as well as the role of
open access initiatives in expanding access to digital resources.

Overall, the literature on library management systems and book-issuing processes

reflects a dynamic and evolving landscape, characterized by ongoing innovation and
adaptation to technological advancements. By synthesizing existing research findings, this
literature review provides valuable insights into current trends, challenges, and opportunities
in library services, while also highlighting potential avenues for future research and
development.

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1.6 PROPOSED SYSTEM

The “LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ” is a software application which avoids
more manual hours in taking the book, that need to spend in record keeping and generating
reports. This web-based application will automate various library operations, such as book
cataloguing, member registration, circulation, and inventory management. The proposed
LMS will provide a user-friendly interface for both librarians and library patrons, enhancing
efficiency and improving overall library services. Maintaining of user details is complex in
manual system in terms of agreements, royalty and activities. This all have to be maintained
in ledgers or books. Co-coordinators needs to verify each record for small information also.
 Easy search of book in the online library.
 Avoid the manual work.
 User need not go to the library for Issue any kind of book, he can renewal the book
online.

1.6.1 PROPOSED SYSTEM ADVANTAGES:

Benefits of the Proposed System:
 Improved Efficiency: Automation of manual tasks reduces time and effort.
 Enhanced User Experience: User-friendly interface and easy access to information.
 Accurate Record Keeping: Accurate and up-to-date records of books and members.
 Better Resource Utilization: Effective tracking and management of library resources.
 Increased Accessibility: Remote access to library services and resources.
 Data Security: Robust security measures to protect sensitive information.
By implementing this proposed system, the library can significantly improve its services,
enhance user satisfaction, and optimize resource utilization.

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CHAPTER 2

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 GENERAL

This project aims to develop a comprehensive Library Management System (LMS) to

automate various library operations, including book cataloguing, member registration,
circulation, and inventory management. The proposed LMS will provide a user-friendly
interface for both librarians and library patrons, enhancing efficiency and improving overall
library services. By digitizing manual processes, the system will streamline workflows,
reduce human error, and provide accurate and up-to-date information.

2.2 METHODOLOGIES

2.2.1 MODULES
 User Management
 Book Management
 Member Management
 Circulation Management
 Report Management
 System Administration

2.2.2 MODULES EXPLANATION

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1. User Module
 User Registration: Creates new user accounts, assigns user types (e.g., student,
faculty, staff), and sets access privileges.
 User Profile Management: Enables users to update personal information, such as
name, address, contact details, and password.
 User Search: Provides a search function to find users based on various criteria,
including name, ID number, or other relevant information.

2. Book Module
 Book Cataloguing: Creates detailed book records, including title, author(s), ISBN,
publication date, subject, keywords, and a brief description.
 Book Classification: Assigns books to specific classifications or categories based on
subject matter or other relevant criteria.
 Book Inventory Management: Tracks the availability of books, including the number
of copies, current location, and loan status.

3. Member Module
 Member Registration: Creates new member accounts, assigns membership types (e.g.,
student, faculty, staff), and sets membership privileges.
 Member Profile Management: Enables members to update their personal information,
such as name, address, contact details, and membership status.
 Member Search: Provides a search function to find members based on various criteria,
including name, ID number, or other relevant information.

4. Circulation Module
 Book Issue and Return: Manages the process of issuing books to members and
recording their return.
 Reservation: Allows members to reserve books that are currently checked out.
 Overdue Fine Calculation: Automatically calculates and tracks overdue fines for
books that are returned late.
 Renewal: Enables members to renew borrowed books, subject to library policies.

5. Report Module

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 User Reports: Generates reports on user activity, such as borrowing history, overdue
fines, and reservations.
 Book Reports: Produces reports on book circulation, inventory levels, and popular
books.
 Library Usage Reports: Provides insights into overall library usage patterns, such as
peak hours and popular services.

6. System Administration Module

 User Management: Manages user accounts, roles, and permissions.
 Book Management: Manages book records, classifications, and inventory.
 System Configuration: Configures system settings, such as library hours, fine rates,
and notification preferences.
 Backup and Restore: Performs regular backups of the system's database and restores it
in case of data loss.
 Security Management: Implements security measures to protect the system from
unauthorized access and data breaches.

2.2.3 GIVEN INPUT AND EXPECTED OUTPUT

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Here are some examples of input and expected output scenarios for common
operations in a library management system:

1. Adding a New Book

Input:
 Book ID: A unique identifier for the book (e.g., ISBN)
 Title: The title of the book
 Author(s): The author(s) of the book
 Publisher: The publisher of the book
 Publication Year: The year of publication
 Genre: The genre of the book
 Quantity: The number of copies of the book
Expected Output:
 A confirmation message indicating successful addition of the book to the library's
database.

2. Issuing a Book
Input:
 Member ID: The unique identifier of the member
 Book ID: The unique identifier of the book
 Expected Output: A confirmation message indicating successful issuance of the book
to the member.
 Updated book status in the database (e.g., "Issued")
 Updated member's borrowing history

3. Returning a Book
Input:
 Member ID: The unique identifier of the member
 Book ID: The unique identifier of the book
 Expected Output: A confirmation message indicating successful return of the book.
 Updated book status in the database (e.g., "Available")
 Updated member's borrowing history
4. Searching for a Book
Input:

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 Search Criteria:
 Book title
 Author name
 ISBN
 Subject
 Keyword
 Expected Output: A list of books matching the search criteria, displaying information
such as:
o Book ID
o Title
o Author(s)
o Publication Year
o Availability status

5. Generating Reports
Input:
 Report Type:
 Overdue Books
 Most Borrowed Books
 Member Borrowing History
 Library Inventory
 Expected Output: A report in a specified format (e.g., PDF, CSV, HTML) containing
the requested information.

2.3 TECHNIQUE USED OR ALGORITHM USED

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Library Management Systems (LMS) employ a variety of techniques and algorithms

to efficiently manage book inventory, member information, and circulation processes. Key
techniques include relational database systems to store and organize data, search algorithms
like linear and binary search to locate specific books or members, and sorting algorithms like
bubble sort and quick sort to arrange data in a specific order. Additionally, hashing
techniques are used to quickly access data based on unique identifiers, while string matching
algorithms enable efficient searching for books or members based on partial or fuzzy
matches. These techniques, combined with user-friendly interfaces and robust security
measures, contribute to the overall functionality and effectiveness of LMS.

2.3.1 PROPOSED ALGORITHM

A robust Library Management System (LMS) can be implemented using a
combination of data structures and algorithms. Key data structures include a database to store
information about books, members, and loans. Algorithms like linear search, binary search,
and hashing can be employed to efficiently search for books, members, and transaction
records. Sorting algorithms, such as bubble sort or quick sort, can be used to organize data for
better readability and analysis. Additionally, data validation techniques ensure data integrity,
while error handling mechanisms prevent system crashes. By carefully selecting and
implementing these techniques, an LMS can provide efficient services, accurate information,
and a seamless user experience.

2.3.2 EXISTING SYSTEM

Existing library management systems leverage a variety of technologies and
techniques to streamline operations and enhance user experience. Relational databases are
commonly used to store and manage information about books, members, and transactions.
Barcodes and RFID tags facilitate efficient item identification and checkout processes. Online
catalogs provide web-based access to library resources, allowing users to search, reserve, and
renew items. Self-checkout systems empower users to independently check out and return
items, reducing wait times. By integrating these technologies, libraries can offer efficient
services, improve resource utilization, and enhance patron satisfaction.

CHAPTER 3

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REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING

3.1 GENERAL

Requirements engineering plays a crucial role in the development of a library

management system. It involves identifying, analyzing, and documenting the specific needs
and expectations of the system's users, including librarians, staff, and patrons.

3.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

The hardware requirements may serve as the basis for a contract for the
implementation of the system and should therefore be a complete and consistent specification
of the whole system. They are used by software engineers as the starting point for the system
design. It should what the system do and not how it should be implemented. It can vary
depending on the size of the library, the number of users, and the specific features and
functionality of the system. However, here are some general hardware requirements:

 PROCESSOR : AMD, i5 PROCESSOR SYSTEM OR HIGHER

 RAM : 4 GB, 8 GB OR HIGHER
 HARD DISK : 256 GB ROM OR HIGHER

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3.3 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

The software requirements document is the specification of the system. It should

include both a definition and a specification of requirements. It is a set of what the system
should do rather than how it should do it. The software requirements provide a basis for
creating the software requirements specification. The software requirements for a library
management system (LMS) are crucial to ensure its efficient operation and user-friendliness.
Here are the primary software components and considerations:

 Operating System : Windows 8 , 9, 10 or higher

 Database : MySQL

 Programming Language : JavaScript

 Front End : HTML & CSS

 Web Server : Local storage ( Client Side )

3.3.1 FEATURES OF HTML

HTML, the foundation of web development, offers several key features:
 Structure: Defines the structure of web pages with elements like headings, paragraphs,
and lists.
 Hyperlinks: Creates clickable links to navigate between pages.
 Multimedia: Embeds images, audio, and video.
 Forms: Allows user input and data submission.
 Semantic Markup: Improves accessibility and SEO.
 Offline Capabilities: Supports offline functionality.
 Dynamic Graphics: Enables creation of interactive graphics and animations.

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3.3.2 OBJECTIVES OF HTML

The primary objective of HTML is to structure and present content on the World
Wide Web. It provides the foundation for creating web pages, defining the layout, formatting,
and linking of text, images, and other multimedia elements. By using HTML, developers can
create web pages that are accessible, user-friendly, and compatible across various devices and
browsers.

3.3.3 HTML OVERVIEW

HTML, or Hyper Text Markup Language, is the standard markup language for
creating web pages. It provides the structure and content of a webpage, defining elements like
headings, paragraphs, images, links, and forms.
HTML uses a simple syntax of tags, which are enclosed in angle brackets (<>). These tags
tell the browser how to display the content. For example, the <p> tag defines a paragraph,
while the <h1> tag defines a heading.
Key features of HTML:
o Structure: Defines the hierarchical structure of a webpage.
o Hyperlinks: Creates links to other pages or resources.
o Multimedia: Embeds images, audio, and video.
o Forms: Allows user input and data submission.
o Semantic Markup: Provides meaning to content, improving accessibility and SEO.
o By understanding HTML, you can create the foundation for any website or web
application.

3.3.4 FEATURES OF CSS

 Styling: Defines the visual appearance of HTML elements, controlling colors, fonts,
and spacing.
 Layout: Controls the layout and positioning of elements on a web page.
 Responsiveness: Enables creating websites that adapt to different screen sizes and
devices.
 Selectors: Targets specific HTML elements to apply styles.
 Box Model: Manages the layout of elements using margins, borders, padding, and
content.

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 Transitions and Animations: Creates smooth visual effects and transitions between
states.
 Media Queries: Applies different styles based on screen size and device
characteristics.
 Preprocessors: Extends CSS with features like variables, mixins, and nesting (e.g.,
Sass, Less).

3.3.5 OBJECTIVES OF CSS

The primary objective of CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is to separate the presentation
and content of a web page. It allows developers to style and layout HTML elements,
controlling their appearance, positioning, and visual effects. This separation of concerns
enhances code readability, maintainability, and reusability, leading to more efficient and
visually appealing web pages.

3.3.6 CSS OVERVIEW

Cascading Style Sheet is a fundamental language used to style and layout web pages.
It separates the presentation of a webpage from its content, making it easier to maintain and
update. By using CSS, developers can control the colours, fonts, and spacing of elements, as
well as their layout and positioning.

Key Features of CSS:

Selectors
CSS selectors target specific HTML elements to which styles will be applied. Common
types of selectors include:
o Element selectors: Target elements based on their tag name (e.g., p, h1).
o Class selectors: Target elements with a specific class attribute (e.g., .red).
o ID selectors: Target a unique element with a specific ID attribute (e.g., #header).
o Attribute selectors: Target elements based on their attributes (e.g., [ href^="http"]).
o Pseudo-classes: Target elements based on their state (e.g. : hover, :active, :focus).
o Pseudo-elements: Target specific parts of an element (e.g. :: first-letter, ::before).
o

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Properties and Values

CSS properties define the visual characteristics of elements, while values specify the
desired appearance. Some common properties include:
o Font properties: font-family, font-size, font-weight, font-style, line-height, letter-
spacing, word-spacing.
o Colour properties: colour, background-colour, text-shadow, box-shadow.
o Text properties: text-align, text-decoration, text-transform, text-indent.
o Box model properties: margin, border, padding.
o Layout properties: position, float, display, flex, grid.

3.3.7 FEATURES OF JAVASCRIPTS

JavaScript is a powerful programming language used to create dynamic and
interactive web pages. Here are its key features:
 Dynamic Typing: Variables can hold different data types without explicit
declaration.
 First-class Functions: Functions can be treated as values, assigned to variables, and
passed as arguments to other functions.
 Event Handling: JavaScript can respond to user interactions, such as clicks, mouse
movements, and key presses.
 DOM Manipulation: It allows you to manipulate the Document Object Model
(DOM), changing the structure and style of HTML elements.
 Asynchronous Programming: JavaScript can handle asynchronous operations, such
as making network requests, without blocking the main thread.
 Client-Side Validation: It can validate user input before submitting forms to the
server.
 Creating Dynamic Content: JavaScript can generate HTML content dynamically,
allowing for rich and interactive web experiences.
By leveraging these features, JavaScript enables developers to build complex web
applications and enhance the user experience.

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3.3.8 OBJECTIVES OF JAVASCRIPTS

The primary objective of JavaScript is to add interactivity and dynamic behaviour to
web pages. It enables developers to create engaging user experiences by manipulating HTML
and CSS, responding to user input, and performing complex calculations. JavaScript can be
used to create everything from simple animations to full-fledged web applications, making it
an essential tool for modern web development.

3.3.9 JAVASCRIPT OVERVIEW

JavaScript is a versatile programming language that adds interactivity and dynamic
behaviour to web pages. It empowers developers to create engaging user experiences, from
simple animations to complex web applications.
Core Features of JavaScript:
 Dynamic Typing: JavaScript is dynamically typed, meaning you don't need to
declare variable types explicitly. This flexibility allows for rapid development and
experimentation.
 First-Class Functions: Functions can be treated as values, assigned to variables, and
passed as arguments to other functions. This enables functional programming
paradigms and higher-order functions.
 Event Handling: JavaScript can respond to user interactions, such as clicks, mouse
movements, and key presses. This allows for creating interactive elements like
buttons, forms, and menus.
 DOM Manipulation: JavaScript can manipulate the Document Object Model
(DOM), the tree-like structure representing the HTML document. This enables
dynamic updates to the page's content and structure.
 Asynchronous Programming: JavaScript supports asynchronous programming
techniques like callbacks, promises, and async/await, allowing for non-blocking
operations and efficient handling of tasks like network requests.

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 Client-Side Validation: JavaScript can validate user input before submitting forms to
the server, reducing server load and improving user experience.
 Creating Dynamic Content: JavaScript can generate HTML content dynamically,
enabling the creation of complex web interfaces and single-page applications.
Key Concepts in JavaScript:
 Variables and Data Types: JavaScript supports various data types, including
numbers, strings, Booleans, objects, and arrays.
 Operators: JavaScript provides arithmetic, comparison, logical, and assignment
operators for performing calculations and making decisions.
 Control Flow: JavaScript uses if...else statements, switch statements, and loops (e.g.,
for, while, do-while) to control the flow of execution.
 Functions: Functions are reusable blocks of code that perform specific tasks. They
can take arguments and return values.
 Objects: Objects are collections of key-value pairs used to represent real-world
entities.

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3.4 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Functional requirements for a library management system define the specific tasks
and behaviours the system must perform. These requirements include user management, book
management, member management, and circulation operations. User management involves
creating, modifying, and deleting user accounts, assigning roles and permissions, and
managing user login and authentication. Book management encompasses adding, editing, and
deleting book records, classifying books, tracking availability, and managing circulation
processes like issuing, returning, and renewing books. Member management involves
registering new members, updating member information, tracking borrowing history, and
managing membership fees and renewals. Additionally, the system should generate various
reports, such as overdue books, popular items, and library usage statistics.

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3.5 NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Performance:

 Fast response times for search and retrieval operations

 Efficient handling of large databases
 Scalability to accommodate increasing numbers of users and books
 Reliability and availability of the system

Security:

 Protection of sensitive data (e.g., member information, financial records)

 Access control to prevent unauthorized access
 Data backup and recovery procedures

Usability:

 User-friendly interface for librarians and patrons

 Clear and intuitive navigation
 Consistent and logical design

Compatibility:

 Compatibility with different operating systems and browsers

 Integration with other library system

(e.g., bibliographic databases, e- resource providers)

By carefully defining and documenting these requirements, developers can ensure that
the library management system meets the needs of the library and its users, resulting
in a more efficient and effective system. on-functional Requirements of the system
are as follows

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3.6 DOMAIN REQUIREMENTS

Domain requirements for a Library Management System (LMS) are specific to the
library domain and influence the system's design and functionality. Here are some key
domain requirements.

 Book Management: Cataloging, classification, inventory tracking, and circulation.

 Member Management: Registration, borrowing, returning, and renewals.
 Search and Retrieval: Efficient searching and retrieval of books based on various
criteria.
 Reporting: Generating reports on overdue books, popular items, and usage statistics.
 Security: Protecting sensitive information and ensuring system security.
 Integration: Compatibility with external systems and databases.

By addressing these domain requirements, a library management system can streamline

processes, improve efficiency, and enhance the overall library experience.

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CHAPTER 4
DESIGN ENGINEERING
4.1 GENERAL
Design Engineering deals with the various UML [Unified Modelling language] diagrams
for the implementation of project. Design is a meaningful engineering representation of a
thing that is to be built. Software design is a process through which the requirements are
translated into representation of the software. Design is the place where quality is rendered in
software engineering. Design is the means to accurately translate customer requirements into
finished product.

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4.2 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

Fig 4.2 System Architecture

EXPLANATION

In this project there are four modules. Each module is doing separate job.

Login: This is the entry point where users authenticate themselves. Based on the user's role,
they gain access to different functionalities within the system.

Issue / Return: This functionality allows the management of issuing and returning books. It
is linked to:
 Members: Only registered members can borrow or return books. This ensures that the
system keeps track of who has borrowed which book.
Add / Delete: This functionality enables the addition or removal of entities within the library
system. It has three sub-components:
 Members: Adding or removing library members.
 Books: Adding new books to the library catalog or removing old/outdated books.
 Staff: Managing library staff records by adding new staff members or removing
former staff members.
Search: This feature allows users to search the library database. It includes:

 Members: Searching for member information.

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4.3 UML

4.3.1 USE CASE DIAGRAM

Fig 4.3.1 Use Case Diagram

EXPLANATION

The main purpose of a use case diagram is to show the interactions between the use
case and actor. Different types of actions perform. Librarian is an actor to perform some
actions on Issue books, Return book, Renew books, Maintain records. Members like student
and faculty is an actor. It will have an action on Borrowing Book, Returning Book, Renewing
they Books

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4.3.2 CLASS DIAGRAM

Fig 4.3.2 Class Diagram

EXPLANATION

In this class diagram represents how the classes with attributes and methods are linked
together to perform the verification with security. From the above diagram shown the various
classes involved in our project Librarian has a class it has a attributes and operations.
Librarian has a login, Get Details, Update Details, Issue Book, Check Dues are the attributes
in the class. Faculty is a class. Faculty has a Login, Set Details, Search Book, Borrow Book,
Pay fine, Return Book are the operations can perform by faculty. Student is a class. Student
has a Login, Set Details, Search Book, Borrow Book, Pay fine, Return Book are the
operations can perform by Student. A server that links together and stores all information.

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4.3.3 OBJECT DIAGRAM

Fig 4.3.3 Object Diagram

EXPLANATION

In the above digram tells about the flow of objects between the classes. It is
a diagram that shows a complete or partial view of the structure of a modeled system. In this
object diagram represents how the classes with attributes and methods are linked together to
perform the verification with security. Member is link with LMS server. Member and LMS
server is with a Book, Transactions, Search. All information gathers at a Server.

4.3.4 COMPONENT DIAGRAM

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Fig 4.3.4 Component Diagram

EXPLANATION

In the Unified Modeling Language, a component diagram depicts how components

are wired together to form larger components and or software systems. User gives main query
and it converted into sub queries and sends through data dissemination to data aggregators.
Librarian can connect with a Student information as well as Faculty information. Student and
Faculty can also depend on database all store at a data Server. Results are to be user by
database aggregators. All boxes are components and arrow indicates dependencies.

4.3.5 DEPLOYMENT DIAGRAM

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Fig 4.3.5 Develpoment Diagram

EXPLANATION

Deployment Diagram is a type of diagram that specifies the physical hardware on

which the software system will execute. It also determines how the software is deployed on
the underlying hardware. Librarian, Student and Faculty can first login. Afterwords it will
connect with a database.

4.3.6 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM

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Fig 4.3.6 Sequence Diagram

EXPLANATION

Sequence diagrams are graphical representations of workflows of stepwise activities

and actions with support for choice, iteration and concurrency. In the Unified Modeling
Language, sequence diagrams can be sequential sequence Librarian, Student, Faculty is
connected with a database server. It is used to describe the business and operational step-by-
step workflows of components in a system. In the UML has clearly in sequence order.

4.3.7 COLLABORATION DIAGRAM

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Fig 4.3.7 Collaboration Diagram

EXPLANATION

A collaboration diagram, also called a communication diagram or interaction diagram,

it is also a communicate with all database. Cloud server has communicated with a database.
It is an illustration of the relationships and interactions among software objects in the Unified
Modeling Language (UML).

4.3.8 STATE DIAGRAM

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Fig 4.3.8 State Diagram

EXPLANATION

State diagram are a loosely defined diagram to show workflows of stepwise activities
and actions, with support for choice, iteration and concurrency. State diagrams require that
the system described a Librarian, Student and Faculty has a login. After it has a performs an
action. The database server can have an updated data and view updated data operations.

4.3.9 ACTIVITY DIAGRAM

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Fig 4.3.9 Activity Diagram

EXPLANATION

Activity diagrams are graphical representations of workflows of stepwise activities of

a Librarian, Student and Faculty actions with support for choice, iteration and concurrency. In
the Unified Modeling Language, activity diagrams can be used to describe the business and
operational step-by-step workflows of components in a system. Student and Faculty can also
a search Books and magazines it will search with a keyword. Librarian can also an upload a
E-book and then view updated books the information was a gather at a database. An activity
diagram shows the overall flow of control.

4.4 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

Level 0

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Fig 4.4.1 Data Flow Diagram Level 0

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Level 1

Fig 4.4.2 Data Flow Diagram Level 1

EXPLANATION

A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the "flow" of data through
an information system, modeling its process aspects. Often they are a preliminary step used to
create an overview of the system which can later be elaborated. DFDs can also be used for
the visualization of data processing (structured design).
A DFD shows what kinds of data will be input to and output from the system, where
the data will come from and go to, and where the data will be stored. Librarian has a login,
Get Details, Update Details, Issue Book, Check Dues are the attributes in the class. Faculty is
a class. Faculty has a Login, Set Details, Search Book, Borrow Book, Pay fine, Return Book
are the operations can perform by faculty. Student is a class. Student has a Login, Set Details,
Search Book, Borrow Book, Pay fine, Return Book are the operations can perform by
Student. All information is gathered and store at a database server.

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4.5 E-R DIAGRAM

Fig 4.5 E-R Diagram

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EXPLANATION:
This ER (Entity-Relationship) diagram illustrates a Library Management System. It
includes entities, attributes, and relationships to represent how data is managed within the
system.
Entities and Their Attributes:
1. Reports
o Attributes: User_id, Reg_no, Book_No
o Connected with Issue/Return activity.
2. Staff
o Attributes: Staff_id, name
o Relationships:
 Manages Reports.
 Keeps track of Readers.
3. Authentication System
o Attributes: Login_Id, Password
o Relationships:
 Related to the Login process.
4. Readers
o Attributes:
 User_ID, Firstname, lastName, name, Email, Phone no, Address
o Relationships:
 Keeps track of Readers' interaction with Books (via Staff).
 Linked to Reserve Date with details like:
 reserve/return date, return date, Due date.
5. Books
o Attributes:
 ISBN, AuthNo, Title, Edition, Category, Price
o Relationships:
 Publishes by the Publisher.
 Maintains information via relationships with Readers and Reserve
Date.
6. Publisher

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o Attributes:
 Publisher_id, name, Year Of Publication
Relationships:
1. Manages:
 One-to-One (1:1) relationship: Staff manages Reports.
2. Keeps track of:
 One-to-One (1:1) relationship: Staff keeps track of Readers' activities.
3. Maintains:
 One-to-One (1:1) relationship: Books are maintained with relationships like
Reserve Date, return date, and Due date.
4. Publishes:
 One-to-One (1:1) relationship: Books are published by the Publisher.
5. Authentication system:
 One-to-One (1:1) relationship: Readers or Staff authenticate via Login
(Login_Id, Password).
6. Issue/Return:
 One-to-One (1:1) relationship: Reports maintain issued or returned books with
attributes Reg. no and Book_No.

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4.6 GUI DESIGN

A system of interactive visual components for a computer or system software is called
a GUI (graphical user interface). GUI is the interface that uses graphical elements to let
people interact as per requirement with electronic devices including computers, laptops,
tablets, and smartphones. In terms of human-computer interaction systems or technology, it's
a very important component of software application programming since it substitutes actions
for the text-based commands in the system. Whether it's a text file, object, image, or video as
per requirement, it displays all types of required content a user could envision in the system.
Additionally, it can be featured in the gaming platform where the resolution is visible or
optimal.

4.6.1 Components of GUI

 Pointers: The pointer appears on the user's screen as a marking symbol. The pointer
moves on to choose instructions and objects as per requirement.
 Icons: Icons allude to tiny visual representations of windows, documents, actions, and
other things on the display screen to simplify. A pointer and pointing device can be
used by the user to carry out the initial tasks for the overall processes.
 Pointing tool: At the initial stages, the pointing tool enables the user to select and
move the required pointer items on the screen, including a trackball or mouse. It is the
most beneficial tool in GUI.
 Desktop: The desktop is the screen that is contained within the icons and user
beneficial.

4.6.2 Features of GUI

 The graphical user interface (GUI) is very easy to use and the user can modify and
simplify the requirements.
 The required software, documents, or a few relevant programs are reflected in the
icons on the user interface to control the overall processes properly.
 A graphical user interface (GUI) has several features as per requirement, such as tabs,
a menu, pointers, and various other types of things to simplify and process smoothly.

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CHAPTER 5
IMPLEMENTATION
5.1 GENERAL

Good software development organizations want their programmers to maintain to

some well-defined and standard style of coding called coding standards. They usually make
their own coding standards and guidelines depending on what suits their organization best
and based on the types of software they develop. It is very important for the programmers to
maintain the coding standards otherwise the code will be rejected during code review.

Purpose of Having Coding Standards

The following are the purpose of having Coding Standards:

 A coding standard gives a uniform appearance to the codes written by different

engineers.
 It improves readability, and maintainability of the code and it reduces complexity
also.
 It helps in code reuse and helps to detect errors easily.
 It promotes sound programming practices and increases the efficiency of the
programmers.

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CODING:
5.1.1 Home Page (HTML)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Library Management System</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles/main.css">
<link rel="stylesheet"
href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.5.1/css/all.min.css">
</head>
<body>
<!-- Navigation Bar -->
<nav class="navbar">
<div class="logo">
<a href="index.html">
<i class="fas fa-book-reader"></i>
<span>Library Management System</span>
</a>
</div>
<div class="nav-links">
<a href="index.html" class="active">Home</a>
<div class="dropdown">
<button class="dropbtn">Login <i class="fas fa-caret-down"></i></button>
<div class="dropdown-content">
<a href="pages/login/admin-login.html" id="adminLoginBtn">Admin
Login</a>
<a href="pages/login/faculty-login.html" id="facultyLoginBtn">Faculty
Login</a>

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<a href="pages/login/student-login.html" id="studentLoginBtn">Student

Login</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<!-- Main Content -->
<main>
<div class="hero-section">
<h1>Welcome to Library Management System</h1>
<p>Choose your registration type below</p>
</div>
<div class="registration-cards">
<div class="reg-card">
<i class="fas fa-user-shield"></i>
<h2>Admin Registration</h2>
<p>Register as an administrator to manage the library system</p>
<a href="pages/register/admin-register.html" class="reg-btn"
id="adminRegBtn">Register as Admin</a>
</div>
<div class="reg-card">
<i class="fas fa-chalkboard-teacher"></i>
<h2>Faculty Registration</h2>
<p>Register as a faculty member to access library resources</p>
<a href="pages/register/faculty-register.html" class="reg-btn"
id="facultyRegBtn">Register as Faculty</a>
</div>
<div class="reg-card">
<i class="fas fa-user-graduate"></i>
<h2>Student Registration</h2>
<p>Register as a student to borrow books and access resources</p>
<a href="pages/register/student-register.html" class="reg-btn"
id="studentRegBtn">Register as Student</a>

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</div>
</div>
<!-- Features Section -->
<section class="features">
<h2>Library Features</h2>
<div class="features-grid">
<div class="feature-card">
<i class="fas fa-book"></i>
<h3>Extensive Book Collection</h3>
<p>Access thousands of books across various categories</p>
</div>
<div class="feature-card">
<i class="fas fa-search"></i>
<h3>Easy Search</h3>
<p>Find books quickly with our advanced search system</p>
</div>
<div class="feature-card">
<i class="fas fa-clock"></i>
<h3>24/7 Access</h3>
<p>Access library resources anytime, anywhere</p>
</div>
<div class="feature-card">
<i class="fas fa-mobile-alt"></i>
<h3>Mobile Friendly</h3>
<p>Access on any device with our responsive design</p>
</div>
</div>
</section>

<!-- About Section -->

<section class="about">
<h2>About Our Library</h2>

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LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

<div class="about-content">
<div class="about-text">
<p>Our library management system provides a modern and efficient way to
manage library resources. With features designed for administrators, faculty members, and
students, we ensure a seamless library experience for everyone.</p>
<ul class="about-features">
<li><i class="fas fa-check"></i> Easy book management</li>
<li><i class="fas fa-check"></i> Automated borrowing system</li>
<li><i class="fas fa-check"></i> Real-time availability updates</li>
<li><i class="fas fa-check"></i> Secure user authentication</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</main>
<!-- Footer -->
<footer>
<div class="footer-content">
<div class="footer-section">
<h3>Quick Links</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="index.html">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="pages/about.html">About Us</a></li>
<li><a href="pages/contact.html">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="footer-section">
<h3>Contact Info</h3>
<p><i class="fas fa-envelope"></i> [email protected]</p>
<p><i class="fas fa-phone"></i> +1 234 567 8900</p>
</div>
<div class="footer-section">
<h3>Follow Us</h3>

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<div class="social-links">
<a href="#"><i class="fab fa-facebook"></i></a>
<a href="#"><i class="fab fa-twitter"></i></a>
<a href="#"><i class="fab fa-instagram"></i></a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="footer-bottom">
<p>&copy; 2024 Library Management System. All rights reserved.</p>
</div>
</footer>
<!-- Notification Container -->
<div id="notificationContainer" class="notification-container"></div>
<!-- Scripts -->
<script src="js/main.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

5.1.2 Home Page (CSS)

/* Reset and Base Styles */
:root {
--primary-color: #4a90e2;
--secondary-color: #357abd;
--accent-color: #f39c12;
--background-color: #f5f6fa;
--text-color: #2c3e50;
--border-color: #dcdde1;
--shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);

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--hover-shadow: 0 4px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);

}
*{
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
box-sizing: border-box;
font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;
}
body {
background-color: var(--background-color);
color: var(--text-color);
line-height: 1.6;
min-height: 100vh;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
}
/* Navigation Bar */
.navbar {
background-color: white;
padding: 1rem 2rem;
box-shadow: var(--shadow);
position: fixed;
width: 100%;
top: 0;
z-index: 1000;
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between;
align-items: center;
}
.logo {
display: flex;
align-items: center;

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gap: 0.5rem;
text-decoration: none;
color: var(--primary-color);
}
.logo i {
font-size: 1.5rem;
}
.logo span {
font-size: 1.25rem;
font-weight: bold;
}
.nav-links {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
gap: 2rem;
}
.nav-links a {
text-decoration: none;
color: var(--text-color);
font-weight: 500;
transition: color 0.3s ease;
}
.nav-links a:hover,
.nav-links a.active {
color: var(--primary-color);
}
/* Dropdown Menu */
.dropdown {
position: relative;
display: inline-block;
}
.dropbtn {

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background-color: var(--primary-color);
color: white;
padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
border: none;
border-radius: 4px;
cursor: pointer;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
gap: 0.5rem;
font-size: 1rem;
}
.dropdown-content {
display: none;
position: absolute;
right: 0;
background-color: white;
min-width: 160px;
box-shadow: var(--shadow);
border-radius: 4px;
z-index: 1;
}
.dropdown-content a {
color: var(--text-color);
padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
text-decoration: none;
display: block;
transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
}
.dropdown-content a:hover {
background-color: var(--background-color);
color: var(--primary-color);
}

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.dropdown:hover .dropdown-content {
display: block;
}
/* Main Content */
main {
margin-top: 60px;
flex: 1;
padding: 2rem;
}
/* Hero Section */
.hero-section {
text-align: center;
padding: 4rem 2rem;
background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-color), var(--secondary-color));
color: white;
margin: -2rem -2rem 2rem -2rem;
}
.hero-section h1 {
font-size: 2.5rem;
margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.hero-section p {
font-size: 1.2rem;
opacity: 0.9;
}
/* Registration Cards */
.registration-cards {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));
gap: 2rem;
padding: 2rem 0;
}

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.reg-card {
background-color: white;
border-radius: 8px;
padding: 2rem;
text-align: center;
box-shadow: var(--shadow);
transition: all 0.3s ease;
}
.reg-card:hover {
transform: translateY(-5px);
box-shadow: var(--hover-shadow);
}
.reg-card i {
font-size: 3rem;
color: var(--primary-color);
margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.reg-card h2 {
color: var(--text-color);
margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.reg-card p {
color: var(--text-color);
opacity: 0.8;
margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.reg-btn {
display: inline-block;
padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
background-color: var(--primary-color);
color: white;
text-decoration: none;

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border-radius: 4px;
transition: all 0.3s ease;
font-weight: 500;
}
.reg-btn:hover {
background-color: var(--secondary-color);
transform: translateY(-2px);
}
/* Features Section */
.features {
padding: 4rem 0;
}
.features h2 {
text-align: center;
margin-bottom: 3rem;
font-size: 2rem;
color: var(--text-color);
}
.features-grid {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
gap: 2rem;
}
.feature-card {
background-color: white;
padding: 2rem;
border-radius: 8px;
box-shadow: var(--shadow);
text-align: center;
transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}
.feature-card:hover {

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transform: translateY(-5px);
}
.feature-card i {
font-size: 2.5rem;
color: var(--primary-color);
margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.feature-card h3 {
margin-bottom: 1rem;
color: var(--text-color);
}
.feature-card p {
color: var(--text-color);
opacity: 0.8;
}
/* About Section */
.about {
padding: 4rem 0;
background-color: white;
margin: 2rem -2rem;
padding: 4rem 2rem;
}
.about h2 {
text-align: center;
margin-bottom: 3rem;
font-size: 2rem;
color: var(--text-color);
}
.about-content {
max-width: 800px;
margin: 0 auto;
}

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.about-text {
text-align: center;
}
.about-features {
list-style: none;
margin-top: 2rem;
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
gap: 1rem;
}
.about-features li {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
gap: 0.5rem;
}
.about-features i {
color: var(--primary-color);
}
/* Footer */
footer {
background-color: white;
padding: 3rem 2rem 1rem;
margin-top: auto;
box-shadow: 0 -2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}
.footer-content {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
gap: 2rem;
max-width: 1200px;
margin: 0 auto;
}

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.footer-section h3 {
color: var(--text-color);
margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
.footer-section ul {
list-style: none;
}
.footer-section ul li {
margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
.footer-section a {
color: var(--text-color);
text-decoration: none;
opacity: 0.8;
transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}
.footer-section a:hover {
opacity: 1;
color: var(--primary-color);
}
.social-links {
display: flex;
gap: 1rem;
}
.social-links a {
color: var(--text-color);
font-size: 1.5rem;
transition: color 0.3s ease;
}
.social-links a:hover {
color: var(--primary-color);
}

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.footer-bottom {
text-align: center;
margin-top: 2rem;
padding-top: 1rem;
border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color);
}
/* Responsive Design */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.navbar {
padding: 1rem;
}
.logo span {
display: none;
}
main {
padding: 1rem;
}
.hero-section {
padding: 3rem 1rem;
margin: -1rem -1rem 1rem -1rem;
}
.hero-section h1 {
font-size: 2rem;
}
.registration-cards {
grid-template-columns: 1fr;
padding: 1rem 0;
}
.features-grid {
grid-template-columns: 1fr;
}
.about {

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margin: 1rem -1rem;

padding: 3rem 1rem;
}
.footer-content {
grid-template-columns: 1fr;
text-align: center;
}
.social-links {
justify-content: center;
}
}
@media (max-width: 480px) {
.hero-section h1 {
font-size: 1.75rem;
}
.reg-card {
padding: 1.5rem;
}
.feature-card {
padding: 1.5rem;
}
}

/* Utility Classes */
.hidden {
display: none !important;
}

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5.1.3 Home Page (JAVA SCRIPT)

// Main Application Handler Class

class MainApp {
constructor() {
console.log('Main App Initialized');
this.checkSession();
this.setupEventListeners();
}
checkSession() {
// Check if user is already logged in
const currentUser = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('currentUser'));
if (currentUser) {
console.log('User already logged in:', currentUser.role);
// Redirect to appropriate dashboard if not already there
const currentPath = window.location.pathname;
const dashboardPath = `pages/dashboard/${currentUser.role}-dashboard.html`;
// Only redirect if we're not already on a dashboard page
if (!currentPath.includes('/dashboard/')) {
window.location.href = dashboardPath;
}
} else {
console.log('No active session found');
// If on a dashboard page without being logged in, redirect to home
const currentPath = window.location.pathname;
if (currentPath.includes('/dashboard/')) {
window.location.href = '../../index.html';
}
}
}

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setupEventListeners() {
// Registration buttons
const adminRegBtn = document.getElementById('adminRegBtn');
const facultyRegBtn = document.getElementById('facultyRegBtn');
const studentRegBtn = document.getElementById('studentRegBtn');
// Add click event listeners with navigation validation
if (adminRegBtn) {
adminRegBtn.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
e.preventDefault();
this.validateAndNavigate('pages/register/admin-register.html');
});
}
if (facultyRegBtn) {
facultyRegBtn.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
e.preventDefault();
this.validateAndNavigate('pages/register/faculty-register.html');
});
}
if (studentRegBtn) {
studentRegBtn.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
e.preventDefault();
this.validateAndNavigate('pages/register/student-register.html');
});
}
// Login dropdown buttons
const adminLoginBtn = document.getElementById('adminLoginBtn');
const facultyLoginBtn = document.getElementById('facultyLoginBtn');
const studentLoginBtn = document.getElementById('studentLoginBtn');
if (adminLoginBtn) {
adminLoginBtn.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
e.preventDefault();
this.validateAndNavigate('pages/login/admin-login.html');

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});
}
if (facultyLoginBtn) {
facultyLoginBtn.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
e.preventDefault();
this.validateAndNavigate('pages/login/faculty-login.html');
});
}
if (studentLoginBtn) {
studentLoginBtn.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
e.preventDefault();
this.validateAndNavigate('pages/login/student-login.html');
});
}
// Add error handling for script loading
window.onerror = (msg, url, lineNo, columnNo, error) => {
console.error('Global error:', {
message: msg,
url: url,
lineNo: lineNo,
columnNo: columnNo,
error: error
});
this.showNotification('An error occurred. Please try again.', 'error');
return false;
};
}
validateAndNavigate(path) {
// Check if user is already logged in
const currentUser = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('currentUser'));
if (currentUser) {
// If logged in, redirect to appropriate dashboard

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const dashboardPath = `pages/dashboard/${currentUser.role}-dashboard.html`;

this.showNotification('You are already logged in. Redirecting to dashboard...', 'info');
setTimeout(() => {
window.location.href = dashboardPath;
}, 1500);
} else {
// If not logged in, proceed with navigation
window.location.href = path;
}
}
showNotification(message, type = 'info') {
let container = document.querySelector('.notification-container');
if (!container) {
container = document.createElement('div');
container.className = 'notification-container';
document.body.appendChild(container);
}
const notification = document.createElement('div');
notification.className = `notification ${type}`;
notification.textContent = message;
container.appendChild(notification);
setTimeout(() => {
notification.remove();
if (!container.hasChildNodes()) {
container.remove();
}
}, 3000);
}
// Debug information
logEnvironmentInfo() {
console.log('Environment information:', {
userAgent: navigator.userAgent,

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viewport: {
width: window.innerWidth,
height: window.innerHeight
},
localStorage: {
available: !!window.localStorage,
size: Object.keys(localStorage).length
},
currentPath: window.location.pathname,
currentUser: JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('currentUser'))
});
}
}
// Initialize main application
console.log('Initializing Main App');
const mainApp = new MainApp();
// Make app globally available
window.mainApp = mainApp;
// Log environment information
mainApp.logEnvironmentInfo();
// Add debugging information
console.log('Main App ready');

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CHAPTER 6
SNAPSHOTS
6.1 GENERAL:
These screenshots demonstrate the main features and functionalities of the Library
Management System project, including login, dashboard, add book, delete book. student
details, faculty details, fine page

6.2 OUTPUT SNAPSHOTS

Fig 6.2.1 Home Page

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Fig 6.2.2 Admin Login

Fig 6.2.3 Admin Registration

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Fig 6.2.4 Admin Dashboard

Fig 6.2.5 Manage Books

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Fig 6.2.6 Manage Faculty

Fig 6.2.7 Profile Settings

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Fig 6.2.8 Student Data Manage

Fig 6.2.9 Faculty Login

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Fig 6.2.10 Faculty Registration

Fig 6.2.11 Faculty Dashboard

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Fig 6.2.12 Faculty Browse Books

Fig 6.2.13 Faculty Profile Management

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Fig 6.2.14 Student Login

Fig 6.2.15 Student Registration

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Fig 6.2.16 Student Dashboard

Fig 6.2.17 Student Browse Books

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Fig 6.2.18 Student Fine & Dues

Fig 6.2.19 Student Profile Management

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CHAPTER 7
SOFTWARE TESTING
7.1 GENERAL
The purpose of testing is to discover errors. Testing is the process of trying to
discover every conceivable fault or weakness in a work product. It provides a way to check
the functionality of components, sub-assemblies, assemblies and/or a finished product It is
the process of exercising software with the intent of ensuring that the Software system meets
its requirements and user expectations and does not fail in an unacceptable manner. There are
various types of tests. Each test type addresses a specific testing requirement.

7.2 DEVELOPING METHODOLOGIES

The test process is initiated by developing a comprehensive plan to test the general
functionality and special features on a variety of platform combinations. Strict quality control
procedures are used. The process verifies that the application meets the requirements
specified in the system requirements document and is bug free. The following are the
considerations used to develop the framework from developing the testing methodologies.

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7.3 TEST STRATEGY

7.3.1 LEVELS OF TESTING
Software Testing is an activity performed to identify errors so that errors can be removed
to obtain a product with greater quality. To assure and maintain the quality of software and to
represent the ultimate review of specification, design, and coding, Software testing is
required. There are different levels of testing:
1. Unit Testing: In this type of testing, errors are detected individually from every
component or unit by individually testing the components or units of software to
ensure that they are fit for use by the developers. It is the smallest testable part of the
software.
2. Integration Testing: In this testing, two or more modules which are unit tested are
integrated to test i.e., technique interacting components, and are then verified if these
integrated modules work as per the expectation or not, and interface errors are also
detected.
3. System Testing: In system testing, complete and integrated Softwares are tested i.e.,
all the system elements forming the system are tested as a whole to meet the
requirements of the system.
4. Acceptance Testing: This is a kind of testing conducted to ensure that the
requirements of the users are fulfilled before its delivery and that the software works
correctly in the user’s working environment.
These tests can be conducted at various stages of software development. The levels of testing
along with the corresponding software development phase are shown in the following
diagram:

Fig. 7.3.1 Levels of Testing

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7.3.2 TYPES OF TESTING

1. UNIT TESTING:
Unit testing involves the design of test cases that validate that
the internal program logic is functioning properly, and that program input produce valid
outputs. All decision branches and internal code flow should be validated. It is the testing of
individual software units of the application it is done after the completion of an individual
unit before integration. This is a structural testing, that relies on knowledge of its construction
and is invasive. Unit tests perform basic tests at component level and test a specific business
process, application, and/or system configuration. Unit tests ensure that each unique path of a
business process performs accurately to the documented specifications and contains clearly
defined inputs and expected results.

2. FUNCTIONAL TEST:
Functional tests provide systematic demonstrations that
functions tested are available as specified by the business and technical requirements, system
documentation, and user manuals.
Functional testing is cantered on the following items:
Valid Input : identified classes of valid input must be accepted.
Invalid Input : identified classes of invalid input must be rejected.
Functions : identified functions must be exercised.
Output : identified classes of application outputs must be exercised.
Systems/Procedures : interfacing systems or procedures must be invoked.

3. SYSTEM TEST:
System testing ensures that the entire integrated software system
meets requirements. It tests a configuration to ensure known and predictable results. An
example of system testing is the configuration oriented system integration test. System testing
is based on process descriptions and flows, emphasizing pre-driven process links and
integration points.

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4. PERFORMANCE TEST:
The Performance test ensures that the output be produced within
the time limits, and the time taken by the system for compiling, giving response to the users
and request being send to the system for to retrieve the results.

5. INTEGRATION TESTING:
Software integration testing is the incremental integration testing
of two or more integrated software components on a single platform to produce failures
caused by interface defects.
The task of the integration test is to check that components or
software applications, e.g. components in a software system or – one step up – software
applications at the company level – interact without error.

6. ACCEPTANCE TESTING:
User Acceptance Testing is a critical phase of any project and
requires significant participation by the end user. It also ensures that the system meets the
functional requirements.
ACCEPTANCE TESTING FOR DATA SYNCHRONIZATION:
 The Acknowledgements will be received by the Sender Node after the Packets are
received by the Destination Node
 The Route add operation is done only when there is a Route request in need
 The Status of Nodes information is done automatically in the Cache Updation process

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7.3.3 TEST CASE TYPE – GUI

Test Test scenario User action Expected Actual Result Result

case result
Id
1. Admin Users Register into Successfully Pass
Registration registering the system. alert registered
into the message.
system.
2. Admin Login 1. Entered 1. Log into 1. Successfully Pass
correct the system. logged in.
password. 2. Alert 2. Successfully
generated. generated the
alert.
3. Add Books Entered Title, 1. Book Successfully Pass
ISSN no., added to alert book added
Author, library message.
Publish year. 2. Alert
generated.

4. Delete Books Entered Title, 1. Book Successfully Pass

ISSN no., deleted from alert delete book
Author, library message.
Publish year. 2. Alert
generated.

5. Faculty Faculty Register into Successfully Pass

Registration registering the system. alert registered
into the message.
system.

6. Faculty Login 1. Entered 1. Log into 1. Successfully Pass

correct the system. logged in.
password. 2. Alert 2. Successfully
generated. generated the
alert.

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7. Borrow Book Entered Title, 1. Book Successfully Pass

Author. added cart alert book
2. Alert borrowed
generated. message.

8. Return Book Entered Title, 1. Book Successfully Pass

Author. return from alert book
cart returned
2. Alert message.
generated.

9. Pay Fine Entered Title 1. Paying fine Successfully Pass

alert payment
2. Alert done
generated. message.

10. Student Student Register into Successfully Pass

Registration registering the system. alert registered
into the message.
system.

11. Student 1. Entered 1. Log into 1. Successfully Pass

Login correct the system. logged in.
password. 2. Alert 2. Successfully
generated. generated the
alert.

12. Borrow Book Entered Title, 1. Book Successfully Pass

Author. added cart alert book
2. Alert borrowed
generated. message.

13. Return Book Entered Title, 1. Book Successfully Pass

Author. return from alert book
cart returned
2. Alert message.
generated.

14. Pay Fine Entered Title 1. Paying fine Successfully Pass

alert payment
2. Alert done
generated. message.

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7.3.4 TEST DESIGN TECHNIQUES

The test case design techniques describe various ways to generate the test cases. They
help to ensure that every functionality of the software is working correctly without any
bottlenecks. Let us take an example of an e-commerce application, where only valid users
should be able to login.
Test Case Title − This test verifies that only valid users should be able to login to the e-
commerce site.
Test Case Design − Verify that only users with valid phone number and email address can
register and later login to the e-commerce site.
Test Case Prerequisites − The user possesses an accurate email address, and phone number.
Test Case Assumptions − The user is using a mobile device or desktop to login.

7.3.5 TEST ENVIRONMENT

A testing environment is a setup of software and hardware for the testing teams to
execute test cases. In other words, it supports test execution with hardware, software and
network configured.
Test bed or test environment is configured as per the need of the Application Under Test. On
a few occasions, test bed could be the combination of the test environment and the test data it
operates.
Setting up a right test environment ensures software testing success. Any flaws in this process
may lead to extra cost and time to the client.
Test Environment Setup: Key Areas
For the test environment, a key area to set up includes
 System and applications
 Test data
 Database server
 Front-end running environment
 Client operating system
 Browser
 Hardware includes Server Operating system
 Network
 Documentation required like reference documents/configuration guides/installation
guides/ user manuals

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7.4 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

Acceptance criteria in Agile refer to a set of predetermined requirements that have to
be fulfilled for a user story to be considered finished. These are also sometimes called
the “definition of done” because they define the parameters and requirements that developers
must meet in order for the user story to be regarded as complete. It act as a pass/fail checklist
that defines the success of the product or a feature from an end-user perspective.
It is the responsibility of the product manager and product owner to write acceptance criteria
for the stories in your product backlog.
Acceptance criteria are typically a collaborative effort between the product owner and the
development team. The product owner is responsible for providing business context and
requirements, while the development team contributes technical insights. Together, they
define it that meet both business and technical needs.
Importance of Acceptance Criteria
Here are the following acceptance criteria mentioned below:
Importance of Acceptance Criteria
1. Define Expectations: Clearly outline what needs to be accomplished for a user story
or feature to be considered done.
2. Communication: Facilitate effective communication between development teams,
product owners, and stakeholders, ensuring everyone is on the same page.
3. Quality Assurance: Act as a quality control measure, helping to prevent
misunderstandings and minimize defects.
4. Scope Control: Prevent scope creep by setting clear boundaries on what is and isn't
part of the user story or feature.
5. Testing Guidelines: Provide guidance for writing test cases and conducting
acceptance testing.

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Types and Structure of Acceptance Criteria

Fig. 7.4.1 Types and Structure of Acceptance Criteria

 Given: The initial context or situation.

 When: The action or event that triggers the criteria.
 Then: The expected outcome or result.
 And: For continuation of any previous statement
This structure helps to create a clear cause-and-effect relationship, making it easier to
understand and test the criteria.

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CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION

8.1 CONCLUSION
This website provides a computerized version of library management system which
will benefit the students as well as the staff of the library. It makes entire process online
where student can search books, staff can generate reports and do book transactions. It also
has a facility for student login where student can login and can see status of books issued as
well request for book or give some suggestions. It has a facility of teacher’s login where
teachers can add lectures notes and also give necessary suggestion to library and also add info
about workshops or events happening in our college or nearby college in the online notice
board.

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8.2 FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

There is a future enhancement of this facility that many more features such as online
lectures video tutorials can be added by teachers as well as online assignments submission
facility, a feature Of group chat where students can discuss various issues of engineering can
be added to this project thus making it more interactive more user friendly and project which
fulfils each users need in the best way possible.

1. Online Lectures and Tutorials:

 Video Library: Create a repository of recorded video lectures and tutorials, allowing
students to watch and learn at their own pace.

 Live Streaming: Enable teachers to conduct live classes that students can join from
anywhere.

2. Assignments and Submissions:

 Assignment Portal: Develop an online portal where students can receive and submit
assignments electronically.

 Grading System: Incorporate an automatic grading system that provides instant

feedback.

3. Group Chat and Discussion Forums:

 Real-time Chat: Introduce a feature for real-time group chats where students can
discuss topics, share ideas, and collaborate on projects.

 Discussion Boards: Set up forums for various subjects and topics, allowing for
threaded discussions and peer support.

4. User Experience Enhancements:

 Personalized Dashboard: Create a customizable dashboard for students and teachers

to track their courses, assignments, and progress.

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 Notifications: Implement a notification system to alert users about upcoming

deadlines, new materials, and other important updates.

5. Interactive Features:

 Quizzes and Polls: Add interactive quizzes and polls to engage students and reinforce
learning.

 Virtual Labs: Develop virtual lab environments for practical subjects, enabling
hands-on learning experiences.

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8.3 REFERENCES

 W3 Schools:- https://www.w3schools.com
 Google:- www.google.com
 YouTube:- www.youtube.com
 Erdplus:- https//erdplus.com/ (for making ER diagram)

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