Effective Distribution Management
using technology - based solution for
network planning and GIS
Agenda
• Distribution system analysis & Planning – Evolution of software and
examples
• GIS in distribution utilities
• GIS use in network planning
Typical System
Integration in
Distribution
Utility
Distribution system analysis & Planning –
Evolution of software and examples
Load Flow Analysis – Basic building block
Newton-Raphson Algorithm
The Newton-Raphson algorithm is without doubt the most widely used method for solving power flows because of some key favourable
characteristics:
Convergence properties and accuracy: the Newton-Raphson algorithm exhibits quadratic convergence,
leading to highly accurate solutions for most practical systems within 5 iterations.
Speed: the numerical techniques (sparsity, optimal ordering, LU factorisation, etc) have made the Newton-
Raphson algorithm computationally efficient and competitive against other algorithms even for large systems.
Reliability: the algorithm is very reliable and able to solve even heavily loaded systems operating at close to
voltage collapse.
Flexibility: the basic algorithm can be readily extended to cater for tap-changing transformers, FACTS and
other reactive support devices, DC systems, phase shifting transformers, etc
Power Flow Solution by Newton's Method", IEEE Transactions on Power
•Tinney, W. H., and Hart, C. E., "
Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS-86, No. 11, 1967
Network Planning software Tools worked with
• From 2002 -2012
• Tools From CYME
• PSAF – Transmission network Planning Software
• CYMDIST – Distribution Network Planning software
• ETAP / SKM – Transmission and Industrial network analysis / planning
• PowerWorld Simulator – Transmission Network Planning Software
• NEPLAN – Transmission and Distribution Planning software
My understanding on important features being added to the planning software
• Initially software tools were mainly programs in different
languages like fortran, Pascal, C Language etc.. Mainly
developed on command-line interface - UNIX OS – There was
no visual network model
• With the advent of MS Windows, so many simulation
software tools with visual network models came into the
market like – PSS/E (SIEMENS), CYME(EATON), ETAP,
DIGSILENT, EDMS etc..
• PSS/E - 1976, it has evolved from a simple command-line interface,
to an integrated, interactive program for simulating, analyzing, and
optimizing power system performance.
My understanding on important features being added to the planning software…..
From simple load flow analysis software to optimization software
– optimal capacitor placement
- Optimal Switching configurations
Map- overlay Feature
From proprietary / closed Database model to RDBMS connections – Oracle, SQL, ACCESS etc..
From Schematic modeling to Geo – coordinate based modeling of the network
Automatic network creation with integration of GIS system
Due to open data base, possible to integrate with DMS to perform near real time analysis to take
informed decisions
Sample Load Flow – with animation
Network Planning Software
BASE MODULE
Voltage Drop Calculation
– Loading of each impedance
element
– Voltage at each node
(overloads, high / low voltages,
unbalanced loads)
Short Circuit Calculation
– Derive protective device
ratings
Load Flow analysis is OFFLINE and
steady state analysis module
Network Forecast Analysis
Planning Techno-Economic Analysis
Contingency Assessment and
Restoration
Operation Load Flow Contingency (N-p)
Advanced Fault Location
Typical Protective Device Analysis
present-day Protection Arc Flash Hazards Analysis
Distance Protection Analysis
Network
Planning Reliability Assessment
Power Quality
software Harmonic Analysis
modules Volt/VAR Optimization
Optimal Voltage Regulator Placement
Optimization Optimal Recloser Placement
Network Configuration Optimization
Integration Capacity Analysis
Distributed Energy DER Impact Evaluation
Resources (DER) Network Disturbance Assessment
Network Planning
GPS Data processing Data Validation in
GPS Survey and Data
and Route map Asset data preparation consultation with field
collection
Digitization staff
Network planning and
Existing system
Data modeling in the preparation of Master
analysis with and with
Distribution Analysis Plan for providing Cost benefit analysis
out load growth using
software (CYMDIST) power infrastructure to
CYMDIST
cater the load growth
BOQ generation and
initiation of projects
GIS
Implementation of GIS in
Distribution utilities
GIS Basics
VECTOR
• Vector data is best described as graphical
representations of the real world.
• Three main types of vector data: points,
lines, and polygons.
• Vector data and the file format known as
shapefiles (.shp)
RASTER
Data that is presented in a grid of pixels.
Rasters typically refer to imagery - photos taken from satellites
or other aerial devices.
Raster data quality varies depending on resolution and your
task at hand.
GIS Basics
Attributes
• Any additional information, or non-spatial data, that describes a feature is referred to as an
attribute.
Geographic Coordinate System
• To identify exact locations on the surface of the Earth, a geographic coordinate system is
used.
• Normally, an x and y-axis are used in mathematical systems, but in geography, the axes are
referred to as lines of latitude (horizontal lines that run east-west) and longitude (vertical lines
that run north-south).
• Each axis represents the angle at which that line is oriented with respect to the center of the
Earth, and so the units are measured in degrees (°)
Georeferencing
• Georeferencing is the process of assigning coordinates to vectors or rasters so they can be
oriented accurately on a model of the Earth’s surface.
4-step Digitization Process
• Door-to-door study, determining all customers and their
GPS study of electric service connections
customers and
program assets • Preparation of GIS platform map overlaid on the satellite
imagery
Digitization of electric • Use of differential GPS to establish geo-coordinates with
program resources acceptable precision
(33 KV Substation, 11 • Establishing their electric experience of regards to the Post, DT,
KV Birdfeeders, Bird birdfeeder, Substation
DTs and electric • Matching the study information with the utility’s ledgerized
poles) commercial records
GIS applying, listing • Collecting and upgrading information for every client with
and codification of regard to DT, including information viz. condition of the meter,
electric customers load kind, approved load, connection status, phase
and program information, etc.
resources with
described electric • Identifying fake relationships, i.e. those that exist in the ledger
relationships but physically non-existent
Interoperability and • Customer Information System
information mobility • Asset Management/ Facility Management
among GIS and other • Trouble Contact Management System
application programs • Utility Payments and Power Accounting System
(Fig. 2) • Load Circulation and Fill Growth studies
Vectorization/Features Extraction
IMAGE OF A TRANSFORMER IS VISUALIZED FROM THE MAP
GIS INTEGRATION WITH
OTHER SYSTEMS
Use of GIS in Tata Power – DDL
• Geographical Information System (GIS) is a foundational technology and
single source to have repository of network, asset and consumer indexing
for Tata Power-DDL. The data of this system gets integrated with ADMS,
FFA, ERP, AMI, etc. for successful functioning of respective systems. This
system enables delivering of results in terms of reliable & quality power
along with advanced services and timely information to the consumers.
• Customer service through mobile workforce is the key to exceed the
expectations of the consumer. Field Force Automation (FFA) is a system
which optimizes the various tasks in hand and schedules & dispatches the
nearest Crew to provide faster service to the consumers. This system not
only enhances the service level but also completely tracks the allocation of
workforce.
Key features of GIS program in Power Utility
• Asset Management
• Spatial Network Data Management
• View/Query/Analysis
• Network Mapping / Analysis / Planning
• Operations Management
• Outage Management System
• Resource Management - Mobile Workforce Management
• Customer Information Management
Summary
• GIS provides a variety of solutions encompassing the whole
company value chain in the ability distribution
• However, the connections between GIS and other application
programs should be well-defined.
• The GIS program must be designed to include easily with
other application company programs.
• Continuous updation of data and monitoring of information
is critical in any GIS program.
• Therefore, for any GIS program, you should have in-built
procedure control checks, audit trail and exception reporting
plan ensure reliability and precision of information.
GIS use in Network
Planning
Single Line Diagram of an Electrical Division
Irregularities in the conductor size over the feeder
Existing Network Assessment
Network with recommendations (substations etc..)
THANK YOU
