Automation Testing
1. What is Automation Testing?
Definition:
Automation Testing is a software testing technique where test cases are executed automatically
using specialized tools and scripts instead of manual human intervention.
Purpose:
Increase test coverage
Improve accuracy and repeatability
Reduce human error
Save time and cost in regression testing
When to use Automation Testing:
Regression testing
Repetitive test cases
Performance/load testing
Cross-browser testing
Data-driven scenarios
Example scenario:
Imagine you have an e-commerce website. Every time you update the payment module, you need
to:
1. Log in
2. Add product to cart
3. Proceed to checkout
4. Make payment
Doing this manually every release is time-consuming. Automation allows running these
steps automatically.
2. Different Tools for Automation Testing
Category Tool Name Purpose
Web Automation Selenium, Cypress, Playwright Test browser-based applications
Mobile Automation Appium, Espresso, XCUITest Test mobile apps (Android, iOS)
API Testing Postman (Newman), RestAssured Test REST/SOAP APIs
Performance JMeter, LoadRunner Load, stress, performance testing
BDD Tools Cucumber, SpecFlow Behavior Driven Development testing
Unit Testing JUnit, TestNG, NUnit, PyTest Test individual code units
3. Types of Applications and Tools Categorization
Application Type Automation Tools
Web Applications Selenium, Cypress, Playwright
Mobile Applications Appium, Espresso, XCUITest
API Services Postman, RestAssured, Karate
Desktop Applications WinAppDriver, Winium, AutoIt
Performance Testing JMeter, Gatling, LoadRunner
Security Testing OWASP ZAP, Burp Suite
4. What is Selenium? / Why Selenium?
Definition:
Selenium is an open-source framework for automating web browsers. It supports multiple
browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Edge) and programming languages (Java, Python, C#, JavaScript).
Why Selenium?
Free and open source
Supports multiple browsers
Works with multiple programming languages
Large community support
Integrates with CI/CD pipelines
5. Difference Between Selenium and Other Automation Tools
Feature Selenium Cypress Playwright
License Open-source Open-source Open-source
Supported
Web browsers Web browsers Web browsers & APIs
Apps
Java, Python, C#, JavaScript/TypeScript JavaScript/TypeScript, C#,
Languages
JS, etc. only Python, Java
Cross-
Yes Yes Yes
browser
Speed Moderate Fast Fast
Mobile
Via Appium No No
Testing
6. Introduction to Automation Frameworks
Definition:
An automation framework is a set of guidelines, coding standards, and best practices to create
and manage test scripts efficiently.
Benefits:
Reusability of code
Easy maintenance
Better reporting
Scalability
7. Setting up the Environment
Example (Java + Selenium + TestNG):
1. Install Java JDK
2. Install IDE (Eclipse/IntelliJ)
3. Add Selenium WebDriver JARs
4. Install TestNG plugin in IDE
5. Create a Maven Project and add dependencies in pom.xml
8. Unit Testing (JUnit, TestNG)
JUnit: Popular Java unit testing framework
TestNG: More advanced than JUnit, supports parallel execution, data-driven tests, and
better reporting
Example – TestNG:
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class LoginTest {
@Test
public void testLogin() {
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://example.com/login");
// login steps
driver.quit();
}
}
9. Selenium with TestNG – Data Driven Test Framework
Data-driven testing: Test data is stored in external files (Excel, CSV, DB) and passed into the
test scripts.
Example:
@DataProvider(name="loginData")
public Object[][] getData() {
return new Object[][] {
{"user1", "pass1"},
{"user2", "pass2"}
};
}
@Test(dataProvider="loginData")
public void loginTest(String username, String password) {
// Selenium code to perform login
}
10. Page Object Model (POM)
Each page of the application is represented as a Java class
Improves code readability and maintenance
Example:
public class LoginPage {
WebDriver driver;
By usernameField = By.id("username");
By passwordField = By.id("password");
By loginButton = By.id("login");
public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {
this.driver = driver;
}
public void login(String user, String pass) {
driver.findElement(usernameField).sendKeys(user);
driver.findElement(passwordField).sendKeys(pass);
driver.findElement(loginButton).click();
}
}
11. Keyword Driven Framework
Uses keywords (login, click, type) stored in Excel/CSV to drive execution
Testers without coding skills can write test cases
Example:
Keyword Locator Value
open url https://site.com
type id=username user1
click id=login
12. Hybrid Framework
Combination of POM + Data Driven + Keyword Driven
Most real projects use Hybrid frameworks
Example Live Scenario:
POM for page classes
Excel for test data
Keywords to define steps
TestNG for execution control
