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Conjunctions Usage Notes UPSC CDS

The document provides an overview of conjunctions, defining them as words that join clauses, sentences, or words. It categorizes conjunctions into coordinating, subordinating, and correlative types, detailing their uses with examples. Additionally, it highlights important notes on usage to enhance sentence clarity and improve grammar skills.

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2 views2 pages

Conjunctions Usage Notes UPSC CDS

The document provides an overview of conjunctions, defining them as words that join clauses, sentences, or words. It categorizes conjunctions into coordinating, subordinating, and correlative types, detailing their uses with examples. Additionally, it highlights important notes on usage to enhance sentence clarity and improve grammar skills.

Uploaded by

bittukumar444395
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© © All Rights Reserved
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✳■ Conjunctions – Use, Types & Short Notes (UPSC/CDS

Level)

■ Definition: Conjunctions are words used to join two or more clauses, sentences, or words to maintain logical
flow.

■ Types of Conjunctions and Their Use:


Type Examples When & How to Use

Coordinating and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet Join two independent sentences or ideas
Subordinating because, if, when, although, since,Join
while
dependent clause to main clause (shows time, reason, con
Correlative either...or, neither...nor, not only...but
Usedalso
in pairs to join balanced parts of a sentence

■ Correlative Conjunctions – Common Pairs with Use:


• Either – or: Use when offering choices. Example: Either you study or you fail.
• Neither – nor: Use to reject two things. Example: Neither he nor she was present.
• Not only – but also: Add extra emphasis. Example: Not only he but also I am tired.
• Both – and: Use for combined subjects. Example: Both Ram and Shyam are absent.
• So – that: Shows result. Example: He was so tired that he slept early.
• Such – that: Used for intensity. Example: It was such a loud noise that we woke up.
• No sooner – than: Show immediate sequence. Example: No sooner had I left than he called.
• Hardly/Scarcely – when: Similar to above. Use past perfect + simple past.
• Rather – than: For preference. Example: I would rather walk than wait.

■ Contrast & Condition Conjunctions – With Use:


• Although / Though / Even though: Contrast. Example: Although he is rich, he is rude.
• Despite / In spite of: Followed by noun/V-ing. Example: In spite of rain, we played.
• Nevertheless / However / Yet / But: Strong contrast. Example: He tried, yet he failed.
• If / Unless: For condition. Example: You won't pass unless you study.
• Lest – should: Negative purpose. Example: Study hard lest you should fail.

■ Comparison Conjunctions:
• As – as: Positive comparison. Example: He is as tall as his brother.
• So – as: Used in negative sentences. Example: He is not so fast as me.
• Than: Used with comparatives. Example: She is better than him.

✴■ Final Important Notes:


• 'No sooner', 'Hardly', 'Scarcely' always take past perfect tense with inversion.
• 'Despite', 'In spite of' are never followed by full clauses.
• Use 'so that' to show purpose/result.
• 'Lest' always takes 'should'.
• 'Not only – but also': Verb agrees with nearest subject.

■ NOTE: Mastering conjunctions improves sentence clarity, fluency, and boosts your marks in grammar,
comprehension, and writing sections.

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