1. Define research. Explain the objectives of engineering research.
Research – Definition
Research is the process of studying a topic deeply to discover new
knowledge, solve problems, or improve existing ideas. It involves
collecting information, testing, and analyzing results to find better
solutions.
Objectives of Engineering Research
Engineering research helps in developing new technologies and
solving problems. Its main objectives are:
1. Innovation – Creating new machines, tools, and systems.
2. Problem-Solving – Finding solutions to real-world challenges.
3. Improvement – Making existing technologies better and more
efficient.
4. Safety – Ensuring machines and systems work safely.
5. Eco-Friendly Solutions – Reducing pollution and saving resources.
6. Advancing Other Fields – Helping medicine, agriculture, and other
industries with new technology.
7. Economic Growth – Supporting industries and creating jobs.
2. Explain the process of copyright registration with a flow chart.
Copyright registration protects creative works like books, music, and
software. The process is simple:
Steps for Copyright Registration
1. Prepare the Work – Make sure your work is original and complete.
2. Register Online – Create an account on the official copyright
website.
3. Fill the Application – Provide details like work title and author’s
name.
4. Upload Documents – Submit a copy of your work and required
papers.
5. Pay Fees – Complete the payment for registration.
6. Examination – The copyright office checks your application.
7. Publication – If no objections, the work is published in the
Copyright Journal.
8. Copyright Certificate Issued – If approved, you receive the
copyright certificate.
3. With a help of flow chart describe the process of research.
Steps in Research
1. Define Research Problem – Choose a topic or problem to study.
2. Review Literature – Study past research and theories.
3. Formulate Hypothesis – Make a guess (prediction) about what
you expect.
4. Design Research – Plan how to collect data (like surveys or
experiments).
5. Collect Data – Gather information based on your plan.
6. Analyze Data – Study the data and check if your hypothesis is
correct.
7. Interpret & Report – Write and share your findings.
4. Define ethics. State and explain practises of ethics in
engineering research.
Definition of Ethics
Ethics means doing what is right and fair. It is a set of rules that guide
people to be honest and responsible.
Ethics in Engineering Research
Ethics in engineering research helps researchers work honestly,
safely, and responsibly.
Practices of Ethics in Engineering Research
1. Honesty – Always tell the truth and do not fake results.
2. Fairness – Avoid personal bias and treat everyone equally.
3. Confidentiality – Keep important research data private.
4. Respect for Others – Do not harm people, animals, or the
environment.
5. No Plagiarism – Give credit to others for their work.
6. Safety First – Make sure research does not cause danger.
7. Responsibility – Take ownership of your work and correct
mistakes.
5. State the motivation in engineering research.
Motivation in Engineering Research
Motivation in engineering research means the reasons why engineers
do research. It helps to create new things and solve problems.
Main Reasons for Engineering Research
1. Innovation – To invent new machines and technologies.
2. Problem-Solving – To fix real-world and technical issues.
3. Efficiency – To make things work better and faster.
4. Safety – To ensure machines and systems are safe to use.
5. Sustainability – To protect nature and save resources.
6. Economic Growth – To help industries and create jobs.
7. Knowledge – To learn new things and improve technology.
6. Explain the following: 1. Descriptive research. 2. Analytical
research. 3. Fundamental research. 4. Applied research. 5.
Qualitative research.
Types of Research
1. Descriptive Research
o Describes a topic or situation without changing it.
o Focuses on "what is happening."
o Example: A survey on students' favorite subjects.
2. Analytical Research
o Studies information to find reasons and relationships.
o Focuses on "why it happens."
o Example: Studying how pollution affects human health.
3. Fundamental Research (Basic Research)
o Expands knowledge without immediate use.
o Focuses on theories and principles.
o Example: Research on space and black holes.
4. Applied Research
o Solves real-world problems.
o Helps industries and people directly.
o Example: Developing a new vaccine for a disease.
5. Qualitative Research
o Studies opinions, feelings, and behaviors.
o Uses interviews and observations.
o Example: Studying how people feel about online shopping.
