Question 2.

2 – Database Programming

May not be used!

.filter
.Sort
.Locate

Slide 2
Restore Database

Slide 3
 Database Programming – Loop Through Table

tblModels.First;
while not tblModels.Eof do
begin
if tblModels['GroupID'] = 'A' then
redO.lines.add(IntToStr(tblModels['ModelID']) +
#9 + tblModels['Model name']);
tblModels.Next; //NB!! Outside the if but inside the loop
end;

Slide 4
Read from both tables

Slide 5
 Both Tables – Start with table in which condition sits

tblUsername.First;
while not tblUsername.Eof do
begin
if tblUsername['Grade'] = 11 then
begin

end;//if
tblUsername.Next;
end;//while
Slide 6
tblUsername.First;
while not tblUsername.Eof do
begin
if tblUsername['Grade'] = 11 then
begin
tblTeacher.First;
while not tblTeacher.Eof do
begin
if tblUsername['TeacherID'] = tblTeacher['ID'] then
redOutput.Lines.Add( tblUsername['Names'] +
' ‘ + tblTeacher['Teacher']);
tblTeacher.Next;
end;//while teacher
end;//if
tblUsername.Next;
end;//while

Slide 7
Both Tables Final 2021 – Question 2.2.1
Start with the table that shows the top heading

Slide 8
Slide 9
Database Programming Edit Active Record

tblModels.Edit;
tblModels['Model name']:= 'Elantra';
tblModels['A/C']:= bAC;
tblModels['Tank']:= tblModels['Tank']+10;
tblModels.Post;

Slide 10
 Database Programming Edit Multiple Records

tbl.First;
while not tbl.Eof do
begin
if tbl['Sale'] = true then
begin
tbl.Edit;
tbl[‘Price’]:= tbl[‘Price’]-tbl[‘Price’]*10/100;
tbl.Post;
End; //if
tbl.Next;
End; //while
Slide 11
 Insert

• Always insert the PK unless it is an AutoNumber data type

• PK must be unique
• Always insert the FK in the child field
• FK must have an existing value in the parent table
• All other fields are optional to insert – read the question
• Match data types

Slide 12
Insert - Exemplar 2018 Q2.2.3

Slide 13
Insert

iPrimaryK := tblModels.RecordCount+1;
tblModels.Insert;
tblModels['ModelID'] := iPrimaryK;
tblModels['GroupID'] := tblGroups['GroupID'];
tblModels['Model name'] :='Toyota Etios';
tblModels['A/C'] := True;
tblModels['Doors'] := 5;
tblModels.Post;

Slide 14
Delete the active record

ADOTbl.Delete;

Slide 15
Delete many records

tbl.First;
while not tbl.Eof do
begin
if tbl['Sale'] = true then
tbl.Delete
Else
tbl.Next;
End;
Slide 16
SQL

Slide 17
Provided Code

Slide 18
 Sort

SELECT * FROM tblCar ORDER BY Make

SELECT Make, Model FROM tblCar ORDER BY make DESC

• Sort ascending by default

• * Display all fields

Slide 19
 Brackets on field names

•Not case sensitive

• Square brackets needed when:
1. Field contains a space
2. Reserved word
3. Contains an operator

SELECT [Number], [A/C], [Owner Name]

Slide 20
 Calculations

SELECT CustomerID, Price, Price* 10/100 AS

Discount FROM AccountsTb

SELECT DOB, int((date() – DOB)/365.25) AS AGE

FROM tblStaff

Slide 21
 FORMAT data in the output between Select and From

• Format(10/100* cost,"currency") AS Discount

• 02 October 2008:

Format(DOB,"dd mmmm yyyy") AS [Date]

• 02 Oct 2008: Format(DOB,"dd mmm yyyy") AS

[Date]

• 02 - 10 - 08: Format(DOB,"dd - mm - yy") AS [Date]

• 2 - 9 - 08: Format(DOB,"d - m - yy") AS [Date]

Slide 22
 Data Types and Where
•Double quotes " " around the values of text data type fields in
the database
SELECT … FROM …WHERE Colour <> "red"

•Hashes # # around Date/Time data types.

SELECT … FROM … WHERE DOB >= #1999/1/1#

•No quotes around Yes/No, Number and Currency fields

SELECT … FROM … WHERE price >= 5000 OR

Discount = true

Slide 23
SELECT....WHERE...BETWEEN

where DOB between #1 Jan 1999# and #31 Dec 1999#

where price between 5000 and 10000
where (price >= 5000) and (price <= 10000)
where surname between "A" and "M"

SELECT....WHERE...IN
WHERE make IN ("SKODA", "SMART")
WHERE make = "SKODA" or make="SMART"

Slide 24
 SQL Functions

• DATE() current date

• YEAR(#16/05/2002#) = 2002
• MONTH(DOB) = 5
• DAY(Date()) = 11
• ROUND(Price*15/100,2)
• ROUND(Price*15/100)
String Manipulation
• LEFT(lastname, 1) = “S"
• RIGHT(lastname, 3) = “ith“
• MID(lastname, 2,3) = “mit"
• LEN(lastname) = 5
• Surname & “ “& Left(FirstName,1) Slide 25
Distinct and Null
SELECT DISTINCT colour FROM tblCar;
SELECT … WHERE OWNER is NULL
SELECT …..WHERE OWNER is NOT NULL

SELECT…WHERE...LIKE
Name LIKE "% S%" – Johnathan Smith, Pete southey
Name LIKE "Bob %" – Bob Smith, bob Sponge
Name LIKE "%Smith" – Bob Smith, Peter Smith, Smith

Name LIKE "_im Smith" – Jim Smith, tim smith

Name LIKE "_ _ _ Smith" – Bob Smith, Tim smith
Slide 26
SELECT… Multiple tables
SELECT Groups.GroupID, [Model Name]
FROM Groups, Models
WHERE Groups.GroupID = Models. GroupID
and Rate_Per_Day < 500

Slide 27
Aggregate Functions:
• SELECT avg(price) FROM car;
• SELECT sum(price) FROM car;
• SELECT max(price) FROM car;
• SELECT min(price) FROM car;
• SELECT count(price) FROM car; //not null
• SELECT count(*) FROM car;
//irrespective if null
Slide 28
Group By
SELECT animal, avg(num) as AvgNum
FROM tblSightings GROUP BY animal;

Slide 29
Having

SELECT animal, avg(num) as AvgNum

FROM tblSightings GROUP BY animal
Having avg(num) >= 15;

Slide 30
ORDER

‘SELECT <fields> FROM <table>

WHERE <field condition>
GROUP BY <fields>
HAVING <aggregate function condition>
ORDER BY <fields>’;

Similar Friends Will Go Hang Out

Slide 31
 Insert same rules as ADO tables

• Always insert the PK unless it is an AutoNumber data type

• PK must be unique
• Always insert the FK in the child field
• FK must have an existing value in the parent table
• All other fields are optional to insert – read the question
• Match data types with " " and # or nothing

Slide 32
 SQL Insert – Match in NOD
‘INSERT INTO tblCars
(ModelID, [model name], [A/C], Range, RegDate,
GroupID) VALUES
('+IntToStr(iID)+', "Toyota Etios", true, 640,
#2018/06/05#,' + QuotedStr(sID)+')';
Qry.execSql;

Slide 33
 Update and Delete
'UPDATE tblCar SET colour = "GREEN"
WHERE colour = "BLUE"';

'UPDATE StudentsTB set birth_date= #1986/01/04#,

registered=true WHERE ID = 3 ';

'UPDATE tblCar SET price = price + price * 10/100';

'DELETE FROM tblCar WHERE owner is null';

Qry.execSql;

Run Select to see changes in DB Grid for PAT

Slide 34
Sub queries

Select Name, Surname, Grade from tblLearner

Where Grade = 8 and

LearnerMark <= (Select AVG(LearnerMark)

from tblLearner where Grade = 8)
// 34 <= 60

Slide 35
MessageDlg

Slide 36
Homework

Complete eForm SQL and Database Programming before

Thursday night under Lesson 6

https://tinyurl.com/UJDelphi

Slide 37
Homework

www.education.gov.za

• Download past papers November 2014 – 2020

• Final 2020 Q2
• Final 2019 Q 2
• Final 2018 Q 2
• Exemplar 2018 Q2

Slide 38