Physics 2 Lab Worksheet Spring 2019-2020
Capacitors
Name : John Rey A. Manantan , Marielle J. Olaya
ID#:
Construct the following electrical circuit (Capacitor), using PhET simulation, or
using the following link.
https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/legacy/capacitor-lab
Today we will be exploring the energy stored in a capacitor, behavior of capacitors with and without
dielectrics, and the capacitor connection (series and parallel). You will complete the virtual lab using the
Capacitor Lab from Phet, data analysis software (Excel) and this document. Each member of the lab
group must complete this important assignment.
Department of applied Physics and Astronomy Capacitors Bassam Rashed
Physics 2 Lab Worksheet Spring 2019-2020
First part
Energy stored in the capacitor versus Voltage
1- Open the (https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/capacitor-lab)
2- Set the plates to the minimum area (400.0 mm2), maximum separation (5.0 mm) and maximum
3- Using the provided meters ( charge, energy, Electric field E, and voltmeter) in the simulation
complete the following data table
A
C
4- Calculate the capacitance using d , this the real value.
5- Increase the voltage from the battery and record the values of the voltage across the
capacitor(V), Charge on the plate(Q), and energy stored (U)
A
C
Separation d ( 0.005m) Plate Area A ( 0.0004 m2) Capacitance d ( 7.8e013 F)
Trial Potential Charge Q Stored Electric Field V2 ( volt)2 Q2 (C2) E2(V/m)2 Stored Energy
difference V (C) Energy U (J) between plates E Density
(V) (V/m) u(J/m3)
U
u
Ad
.119 0.84×10^ 5×10^-15 .024 .014 7.06×10^ 5.76×10^-4 2.55×10^-15
1
-13 -27
.179 1.26×10^ 1.10×10^- .036 .032 1.59×10^ 12.9×10^-4 5.59×10^-15
2
-13 14 -26
.268 1.90×10^ 2.50×10^- .054 .072 3.61×10^ 29.1×10^-4 1.27×10^-14
3
-13 14 -26
.387 2.74×10^ 5.30×10^- .077 .150 7.51×10^ 59.2×10^-4 2.62×10^-14
4
-13 14 -26
.506 3.58×10^ 9.10×10^- 101 .256 1.28×10^ 10.2×10^-3 4.54×10^-14
5
-13 14 -25
.684 4.85×10^ 1.66×10^- 137 .468 2.35×10^ 18.7×10^-3 8.31×10^-14
6
-13 13 -25
.714 5.06×10^ 1.81×10^- 143 .510 2.56×10^ 20.4×10^-3 9.06×10^-14
7
-13 13 -25
.863 6.11×10^ 2.64×10^- 173 .745 3.73×10^ 29.9×10^-3 1.33×10^-14
8
-13 13 -25
9 1.071 7.59×10^ 4.06×10^- 214 1.147 5.76×10^ 45.8×10^-3 2.02×10^-14
Department of applied Physics and Astronomy Capacitors Bassam Rashed
Physics 2 Lab Worksheet Spring 2019-2020
-13 13 -25
1.5 10.62×10 7.97×10^- 300 2.250 1.13×10^ 90×10^-3 3.98×10^-14
10
^-13 13 -24
6- Use Excel to plot the relationship between (V2, U), using V2 in the most left column in Excel.
1
U CV 2
7- Use the equation 2 , to determine C0 using the slope of the graph.
8- Compare this value of C0 with C0 in the table. Calculate the percentage error.
9- Attach the graph to your data report.
10- Use Excel to plot the relationship between (Q2, U), using Q2 in the most left column in Excel.
Q2
U
11- Use the equation 2C , to determine C0 using the slope of the graph.
12- Compare this value of C0 with C0 in the table. Calculate the percentage error.
13- Attach the graph to your data report.
14- Use Excel to plot the relationship between (E2, u), using E2 in the most left column in Excel.
1
u E 2
15- Use the equation 2
, to determine using the slope of the graph.
16- Compare this value of with =8.85x10-12 F/m. Calculate the percentage error.
Second part
Dielectrics and Capacitance
1- Open the (https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/capacitor-lab)
2- Click on the “Dielectrics” tab.
3- Set the plates to the area A between (195- 205 mm 2), separation d between (7.5- 8.5 mm),
maximum positive battery voltage (1.5 V) and minimum dielectric constant (1) with zero offset
to begin. See fig. below.
Department of applied Physics and Astronomy Capacitors Bassam Rashed
Physics 2 Lab Worksheet Spring 2019-2020
4-
A
C
Determine the value of d and compare it to the value from the par chart.
5- Insert the dielectric material in the capacitor, and determine the value of the capacitance C (in
F)
6- Change the value of the dielectric constant K then complete the following data table (keep the
plate separation and area constant through all trials)
C0 = F
Dielectric Constant Capacitance (F)
Trial
K C
1 1 .24×10^-12
2 1.5 .35×10^-12
3 2 .47×10^-12
4 2.5 .59×10^-12
5 3 .71×10^-12
6 3.5 .83×10^-12
7 4 .95×10^-12
Department of applied Physics and Astronomy Capacitors Bassam Rashed
Physics 2 Lab Worksheet Spring 2019-2020
8 4.5 1.06×10^-12
9 5 1.18×10^-12
7- Draw the best fit using Excel between (K, C), and find the slope of the line.
8- Attach the graph to your lab report.
9- Use the equation
C KC , determine C and compare it to the value.
0
10- Calculate the percentage error in C0.
Third part
Dielectrics and Capacitance (Battery Connected)
1- Open the (https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/capacitor-lab)
2- Click on the “Dielectrics” tab.
3- Set the plates to the area A between (195- 205 mm2), separation d between (7.5- 8.5 mm),
maximum positive battery voltage (1.5 V) and minimum dielectric constant (1) with zero offset
to begin.
4- Using the provided meters (charge, energy, Electric field E, and voltmeter) in the simulation
complete the following data table
Department of applied Physics and Astronomy Capacitors Bassam Rashed
Physics 2 Lab Worksheet Spring 2019-2020
5- In the table below record the values of Capacitance C0, Electric field E0, stored energy U0, and
charge on p late Q0 and potential difference V0.
6- Slide the dielectric inside the capacitor and record the values shown in the table below.
C0 = F, E0 = V/m , Q0 = C , U0 = J, V0 = V
Trial Dielectric Capacitance Stored Plate Electric Field Electric Field Sum Electric V ( Volt)
Constant C (F) Energy Charge Q between the in Dielectric Ei Field
(C) plates E0 (V/m) between
K U (J) (V/m) E (V/m)
1 1
Department of applied Physics and Astronomy Capacitors Bassam Rashed
Physics 2 Lab Worksheet Spring 2019-2020
2 1.5
3 2
4 2.5
5 3
6 3.5
7 4
8 4.5
9 5
7- Analyze the data above and answer the following questions. You may want to create graphs to
better explain relationships between variables. Attach any graphs or figures you create with the
data to explain your responses.
8- How does the dielectric constant affect capacitance?
9- As the dielectric constant increases, how does the total stored energy change?
10- Does the dielectric constant affect the amount of charge stored on the plate? If so, what is the
relationship?
Fourth part
Dielectrics and Capacitance (Battery Connected)
1- Open the (https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/capacitor-lab)
2- Click on the “Dielectrics” tab.
3- Set the plates to the area A between (195- 205 mm2), separation d between (7.5- 8.5 mm),
maximum positive battery voltage (1.5 V)
Department of applied Physics and Astronomy Capacitors Bassam Rashed
Physics 2 Lab Worksheet Spring 2019-2020
4- Using the provided meters (charge, energy, Electric field E, and voltmeter) in the simulation
complete the following data table
11- In the table below record the values of Capacitance C0, Electric field E0, stored energy U0, and
charge on p late Q0 and potential difference V0.
Department of applied Physics and Astronomy Capacitors Bassam Rashed
Physics 2 Lab Worksheet Spring 2019-2020
5- Disconnect the battery from the capacitor.
6- Select the material of dielectric constant to be paper (K= 3.5), slide it inside the capacitor, then
record the values of the quantities in the table below
K= 3.5 (paper) Q(pC) C (pF) V(V) E(V/m) U(J)
Connected Battery
without Dielectric
Disconnected Battery
with dielectric
7- Use the formulas to check and comment on your results. Where Q, C, V, E, and U with dielectric
and C0, E0, U0, Q0 and V0 without dielectric.
V U E
Q ? Q , C KC , V ,U , E
K K K
8- Comment on your results.
Department of applied Physics and Astronomy Capacitors Bassam Rashed
Physics 2 Lab Worksheet Spring 2019-2020
Fifth part
Series Connection
1- Open the (https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/capacitor-lab)
2- Click on the “Multiple Capacitors” tab.
3- Click on three capacitor in series button.
4- Move the voltage slide to maximum and measure the voltage across the battery with the
voltmeter Vmax=………………………..V,click on three capacitors in series
5- Change the settings on the 3 capacitors to : C1= 1pF, C2= 2pF, C3= 2.5pF , as shown below
6- Now measure the voltage across each capacitor.
V1= 0.789 V2= 0.395 V3= 0.316
7- What is the relationship of voltages?
V1 + V2 + V3
8- Using the stated capacitance (1.0x10-13 F, 2.0x10-13 F, 2.5x10-13 F) find the charge on each
capacitor. q1=____ q2=____ q3=____
Department of applied Physics and Astronomy Capacitors Bassam Rashed
Physics 2 Lab Worksheet Spring 2019-2020
1/ Ct = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/С3 = 1/1e-13 + 1/2e-13 + 1/2.5e-13
1/Ct = (1 + ½ + 2/5)e-13
→ Ct = 0.0526e-12 (F)
→ Q123 = Ct * V = 0.0526e-12* 1.5=0.79e-13 (C)
→ Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = 0.79e-13 (C)
9- Comment on your results of the stored charge with q1, q2, and q3.
They are equal values
10- What is the total capacitance in Farads? Read meter.
0.05e-12
11- Use formula to find the total capacitance.
0.26e-12
Sixth part
Parallel Connection
1- Open the (https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/capacitor-lab)
2- Click on the “Multiple Capacitors” tab.
3- Click on three capacitor in series button.
4- Move the voltage slide to maximum and measure the voltage across the battery with the
voltmeter Vmax=………………………..V . click on three capacitors in parallel.
5- Change the settings on the 3 capacitors to : C1= 1pF, C2= 2pF, C3= 2.5pF , as shown below
Department of applied Physics and Astronomy Capacitors Bassam Rashed
Physics 2 Lab Worksheet Spring 2019-2020
6- Now measure the voltage across each capacitor.
V1= 1.5 V2= 1.5 V3=1.5
7- What is the relationship of voltages?
V1,V2,V3 are the same
8- Using the stated capacitance (1.0x10-13 F, 2.0x10-13 F, 2.5x10-13 F) find the charge on each
capacitor. q1=____ q2=____ q3=____
q1= c1*v1= 1e-13 * 1.5 = 1.5e-13 (C)
q2=c2*v2 = 2e-13 * 1.5 = 3e-13 (C)
q3= c3*v3= 2.5e-13 * 1.5 = 3.75e-13 (C)
9- Comment on your results of the stored charge with q1, q2, and q3.
When the value of the voltage across all capacitors is the same, the stored charge reaches
its maximum value, corresponding to the maximum capacitance.
Department of applied Physics and Astronomy Capacitors Bassam Rashed
Physics 2 Lab Worksheet Spring 2019-2020
10- What is the total capacitance in Farads? Read meter.
The total capacitance is 0.5e-12 Farads
11- Use formula to find the total capacitance and compare to bar chart.
C= C1+C2+C3
C=1x10e-13+ 2e-13+2.5e-13
C= 5.5e-13
Department of applied Physics and Astronomy Capacitors Bassam Rashed
