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Chapter

Chapter 4 discusses the magnetic effect of current, explaining that a moving charge creates a magnetic field and that this field exerts a force on other moving charges. Oersted's experiment demonstrated the relationship between electricity and magnetism, showing how a magnetic needle deflects in response to current direction. The Biot-Savart Law, established by Biot and Savart, provides a mathematical expression for calculating the magnetic field generated by a current element.

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3 views3 pages

Chapter

Chapter 4 discusses the magnetic effect of current, explaining that a moving charge creates a magnetic field and that this field exerts a force on other moving charges. Oersted's experiment demonstrated the relationship between electricity and magnetism, showing how a magnetic needle deflects in response to current direction. The Biot-Savart Law, established by Biot and Savart, provides a mathematical expression for calculating the magnetic field generated by a current element.

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bauriranjit022
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Chapter – 4, MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT

Concept of magnetic field. A magnet attracts small pieces of iron, cobalt, nickel etc. The space around a magnet
within which its influence can be experienced is called its magnetic field. However, it is now known that all magnetic
phenomena result from forces between electric charges in motion.

1. A moving charge or a current set up or creates a magnetic field in the space surrounding it.

2. The magnetic field exerts a force on a moving charge or a current in the field.

OERSTED'S EXPERIMENT

1. The relation between electricity and magnetism was first noticed by an Italian Jurist. Gian Demenico
Romagnosi in 1802.
2. Relation between magnetic field and an electric current was rediscovered in 1820 by a Danish Physicist, Hans
Christian Oersted.

Oersted's experiment. Consider a magnetic needle SN pivoted over a stand. Hold a wire AB parallel to the needle
SN and connect it to a cell and a plug-key,

1. When the wire is held above the needle and the current flows from
the south to the north, the north pole of the
magnetic needle gets deflected towards the west,

2. When the direction of the current is reversed, so that it flows from


the north to the south, the north pole of the magnetic needle
gets deflected towards the east.

3. When the wire is placed below the needle,


the direction of deflection of the needle is again reversed.

4. When the current in the wire is stopped flowing, the magnetic needle
comes back into its initial position.

BIOT-SAVART LAW. Two French physicists Jean-Baptiste Biot and Felix Savart, in 1820, deduced an
expression for the magnetic field of a current element which is known as Biot-Savart law.
Construction - consider a current element dl of a conductor XY carrying current l.

Let P be the point where the magnetic field dB due to the current element dl is to be calculated.

Let the position vector of point P relative to element dl be r vector.

Let theta be the angle between dl and r.

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