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Primary Mathematics Extending Knowledge in Practice
Alice Hansen Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Alice Hansen
ISBN(s): 9781844450541, 1844450546
Edition: Kindle
File Details: PDF, 1.58 MB
Year: 2008
Language: english
 Extending
Knowledge in Practice

Primary
Mathematics
Alice Hansen
First published in 2008 by Learning Matters Ltd.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from Learning
Matters.

ß 2008 Alice Hansen

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library.

ISBN: 978 1 84445 0541

The rights of Alice Hansen to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted by
her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

Cover design by Topics. Text design by Code 5 Design Associates Ltd

Project management by Deer Park Productions, Tavistock
Typeset by PDQ Typesetting Ltd, Newcastle under Lyme
Printed and bound in Great Britain by Cromwell Press Ltd, Trowbridge, Wiltshire

Learning Matters
33 Southernhay East
Exeter EX1 1NX
Tel: 01392 215560
[email protected]
www.learningmatters.co.uk
Contents
The author vi

Introduction 1

1 Using and applying mathematics 5

2 Counting and understanding number 18

3 Knowing and using number facts 32

4 Calculating 48

5 Understanding shape 67

6 Measuring 83

7 Handling data 99

Objectives Index 115

References 123

Index 131

v
The Author
Alice Hansen is a Principal Lecturer in Primary Mathematics Education at the
University of Cumbria. She has taught extensively at primary level in England
and abroad. Alice has particular interests in how children construct geometrical
definitions, the design of mathematical tasks and the use of ICT to enhance mathe-
matics teaching and learning.

vii
 Introduction

This book has been designed to help you identify how your mathematics subject
knowledge and pedagogical knowledge support each other in order for you to
become a better teacher of mathematics. Through case studies, a number of
mathematical aspects will be considered. These cover some of the Early
Learning Goals (DfES, 2007c) and a range of Programmes of Study in Key
Stages 1 and 2 of the National Curriculum for Mathematics (DfEE, 1999).
However, they are arranged in chapters according to the strands of the Primary
Framework for Teaching Mathematics (DfES, 2006). These case studies are drawn
from a wide range of year groups, from working with young children in nursery
settings to working with more able children in Year 6. Other case studies focus
specifically on relevant and interesting research that covers an important part of
children’s mathematical development. Accompanying each case study is a discus-
sion aimed at developing your pedagogical and subject knowledge while it
highlights the subject knowledge that the teacher requires in order to teach the
objectives. Where appropriate, consideration is also given to how the teacher’s
subject knowledge developed while working with the children.

Although the book is set out in this way, it is essential to consider case studies from
year groups other than the one(s) you are directly planning for. In most cases the
discussion that ensues relates to a wider audience than the teachers of the specific
year group in the case study and therefore the ideas that you find throughout the
chapters can be adapted for most attainment levels.

Throughout the book you will see a number of cross references, shown by this
symbol in the margin. These will help you to find other places in the book where
similar aspects are being discussed. The high number of cross references demon-
strates how the areas of the Early Years Foundation Stage, National Curriculum and
the Primary Framework for Teaching Mathematics are interrelated, and how you
cannot effectively teach one objective in isolation. One way to be able to make
meaningful links between these areas of mathematics is to have good subject
knowledge.

In addition to the case studies and the discussion, you will find sticky note remin-
ders scattered throughout the chapter. These are useful prompts for your own
subject knowledge, links to curriculum content or related reading/research for
you to follow up if you require more information. There are also links to further
reading to support your pedagogical knowledge and your subject knowledge of the
aspect of mathematics being discussed.

This book aims to help you develop your mathematical subject knowledge and
pedagogical knowledge so that your confidence in teaching mathematics develops,
thus improving the learning and mathematical development of the children in your
care.

1
Introduction

What is the difference between mathematical

subject knowledge and mathematical pedagogical
knowledge?
Shulman (1986, 1987) defined three categories of teacher knowledge on which
many have based their research into mathematical knowledge. These are: subject
matter content knowledge (the amount and organisation of knowledge per se in
the mind of the teacher), pedagogical content knowledge (that goes beyond knowl-
edge of subject matter per se to the dimension of subject matter knowledge for
teaching) and curricular knowledge (the full range of programs and materials
designed for the teaching of particular subjects and topics at a given level)
(Shulman, 1986, p9).

Many others have also considered the knowledge that teachers require to teach
mathematics (Morris, 2001). For example, Ball and Bass (2000) identified the
connections between mathematics content knowledge and teaching in what they
termed ‘mathematics knowledge for teaching’. They explained how this involved
two elements, both ‘common’ knowledge (which any educated adult should
possess) and ‘specialised’ knowledge (the knowledge of teachers) (Ball et al., 2005).
What is clear from the research is that there are a number of elements that inter-
relate to enable teachers to effectively develop children’s mathematical
understanding. Whatever the labels different researchers assign to these, within
this book the edges of the elements have been intentionally blurred in order to
discuss the most appropriate aspects within the chapters more effectively, without
being constrained by discrete (and sometimes artificial) groupings.

Do I really need good subject knowledge to teach

mathematics well?
For the last 25 years the subject knowledge of teachers and student teachers has
been a focus of government and initial teacher educators and it has recently
become embedded within the Professional Standards for Teachers (TDA, 2007a).
Indeed, if teaching involves helping others to learn, then understanding the subject
content to be taught is a fundamental requirement of teaching (Aubrey, 1997, p3).
Within initial teacher education the current focus on developing students’ subject
knowledge is evident. For example, it is a requirement for Qualified Teacher Status
that student teachers pass their numeracy skills test (TDA, 2007a) and the TDA
currently funds subject knowledge booster courses for students entering PGCE
teacher training (TDA, 2008).

Research by Rowland et al. (2001) demonstrated that secure knowledge of mathe-

matics (including and extending beyond the areas of the primary curriculum) is
strongly linked with more competent mathematics teaching in student teachers. In
addition to this, they found that poor subject knowledge was connected to less
competent teaching.

Ball et al. (2005, p16) remind us that although many studies demonstrate that
teachers’ mathematical knowledge helps support increased student achievement,
the actual nature and extent of that knowledge – whether it is simply basic skills at

2
 Introduction

the grades they teach, or complex and professionally-specific mathematical knowl-

edge – is largely unknown.

While subject knowledge plays a significant role in shaping the quality of teaching,
it will be clear to you as a student or newly-qualified teacher that there are many
factors that impact on your mathematics teaching. Indeed, teaching performance is
highly constrained and mediated by factors other than their subject content
knowledge (Rowland et al., 2001), such as the need to ‘pass’ a placement, the
expectations of the mentor/class teacher and the available resources.

What if I am already confident in my subject

knowledge?
Morris (2001, p41) worryingly demonstrates that confidence in mathematical
subject knowledge does not necessarily correlate with accurate mathematical
knowledge. In her study of initial teacher training students Morris identified that
many of them were overconfident in their mathematical ability, rating their confi-
dence as high when unknowingly giving an incorrect answer. Some, even after
instruction, were adamant that their answers were correct. This is concerning
because it is likely that teachers who are unaware of their own errors and miscon-
ceptions will teach these to the children they work with.

The Training and Development Agency (TDA) identifies continuing professional

development as a key factor in creating a dynamic, professional school workforce
(TDA, 2007b, p1). Indeed, through the Professional Standards for Qualified Teacher
Status, student teachers are required to: reflect on and improve their practice, and
take responsibility for identifying and meeting their developing professional needs
(Q7a) (TDA, 2007a, p8). Within the Professional Standards, it is clear that all
teachers should have a professional responsibility to be engaged in effective,
sustained and relevant professional development throughout their careers and
all teachers should have a contractual entitlement to effective, sustained and rele-
vant professional development throughout their careers (TDA, 2007a, p4).

Fujita and Jones (2006, p129) point out the complexity of the issues involved in
developing subject knowledge, especially since the context in which teachers gain
their own mathematical knowledge, and the form of teacher training (pre-service
and in-service) they receive can be so varied, not only across countries, but also
within particular countries. This book provides a resource for you to be fully
involved in your mathematical subject knowledge professional development
throughout your initial teacher training and into your career.

How can I develop my mathematical subject

knowledge while I teach?
Kafai et al. (1998) answer this well. In their paper on how both teachers’ and pupils’
mathematical enquiry can be developed in particular learning environments, they
state:

Teachers who successfully implemented a new model of teaching based

on the development of children’s mathematical thinking, not only

3
Other documents randomly have
different content
 Engineering - Complete Guide
Spring 2023 - Faculty

Prepared by: Prof. Williams

Date: August 12, 2025

References 1: Research findings and conclusions

Learning Objective 1: Practical applications and examples
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 2: Ethical considerations and implications
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 3: Current trends and future directions
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 3: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Learning Objective 4: Historical development and evolution
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Learning Objective 5: Current trends and future directions
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 5: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Literature review and discussion
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 6: Experimental procedures and results
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 8: Research findings and conclusions
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 9: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Practical applications and examples
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 10: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Topic 2: Literature review and discussion
Practice Problem 10: Current trends and future directions
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Case studies and real-world applications
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 12: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Ethical considerations and implications
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 13: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 13: Ethical considerations and implications
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 15: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Experimental procedures and results
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 17: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Case studies and real-world applications
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 20: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Conclusion 3: Literature review and discussion
Important: Study tips and learning strategies
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 21: Study tips and learning strategies
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 22: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 22: Study tips and learning strategies
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Experimental procedures and results
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 25: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 27: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Experimental procedures and results
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Example 28: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Historical development and evolution
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Exercise 4: Case studies and real-world applications
Key Concept: Best practices and recommendations
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 31: Experimental procedures and results
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 33: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 33: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 35: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Research findings and conclusions
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 37: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Module 5: Ethical considerations and implications
Important: Practical applications and examples
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 41: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 41: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 43: Study tips and learning strategies
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 44: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Important: Current trends and future directions
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 46: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Remember: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Example 48: Experimental procedures and results
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Study tips and learning strategies
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Chapter 6: Experimental procedures and results
Practice Problem 50: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Note: Case studies and real-world applications
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 54: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Best practices and recommendations
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 55: Historical development and evolution
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 56: Ethical considerations and implications
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Case studies and real-world applications
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Discussion 7: Experimental procedures and results
Important: Case studies and real-world applications
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Practice Problem 61: Current trends and future directions
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 62: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 62: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 63: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Experimental procedures and results
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 64: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 65: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Best practices and recommendations
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 70: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Module 8: Critical analysis and evaluation
Key Concept: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Study tips and learning strategies
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 72: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 73: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 73: Key terms and definitions
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Historical development and evolution
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Experimental procedures and results
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Experimental procedures and results
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 79: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
References 9: Research findings and conclusions
Note: Historical development and evolution
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Historical development and evolution
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 82: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 86: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Experimental procedures and results
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Remember: Current trends and future directions
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Topic 10: Assessment criteria and rubrics
Remember: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Ethical considerations and implications
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 92: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 92: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
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