Biochemistry

Amino acids & proteins Carbohydrate metabolism

1.Biologically important peptides** 1.HMP Shunt & its significance
2.Different structures of protein -regulation ,why its called
-Secondary & tertiary** multifunctional ?****
3.Conjugation* 2.Glycogenesis & Glycogenolysis*
4.Important aminotransferases -regulation
5.Isoelectric pH 3.Glycogen storage diseases**
6.Functional & nutritional classification 4.Glycolytic pathway in RBCs*
Of proteins* 5.TCA Cycle & its energetics
6.Gluconeogenesis *
7.Rapaport Leubering cycle**
Enzymes -siginificance
1.Diagnostic enzymes in cardiac 8.Cori’s cycle -importance
Diseases**
2.Isoenzymes -diagnostic importance***
-with suitable examples
Lipid metabolism
3.Coenzyme 1.Beta oxidation of fatty acid**
4.Enzyme inhibition* -energetics
-Competitive & Non competitive 2.Enumerate ketone bodies*
5.Define activation energy* -formation & fate
-Formation of ES Complex with diagram -Note on ketosis*
6.Classification of enzymes* 3.de novo synthesis of FAs*
4.Fatty liver**
5.Lipotropic factors*
Carbohydrates
1.Glycosaminoglycans & significance**** Cholesterol & Lipoproteins
2.Biomedical importance of 1.Biosynthesis & regulation of
-Cholesterol & Hyaluronic acid cholesterol.***
3.Reducing property of monosaccharide -state important functions
2.LDL & HDL
-role in atherosclerosis*
Lipids 3.Formation & transport of
1.Classification of phospholipids chylomicrons *
-with examples***
2.Lipoproteins* Polyunsaturated fatty acids
3.Biologically important steroids -Important functions
4.Name essential fatty acids -enzyme deficient in & clinical
-why are they called essential? manifestations of Niemann-Pick’s
disease
Amino acid metabolism Plasma Proteins
1.Formation & fate of ammonia(Urea cycle)** 1.Immunoglobulins -types, diagram
2.Transamination & transmethylation** & features. Explain any one in
Reactions in brief detail **
3.Disorders of urea cycle 2.Functions of plasma proteins*
4.Deamination
5.Metabolism of glycine*** Acid Base balance
6.Formation of creatine 1.Metabolic acidosis & alkalosis***
7.Metabolism of Phenylalanine** 2.Buffer systems**
8.Metabolism of Tyrosine** 3.Role of kidney in maintaining acid-
9. Note on Alkaptonuria & Phenylketonuria** base balance*
4.Regulation of acid base balance*

Biological Oxidation & ETC Water & Electrolyte balance

1.Oxidative phosphorylation*
1.Note on dehydration**
-note on thermogenin
-Primary & Secondary dehyd.
2.Uncouplers **
2.Water balance & regulation*
3.ETC -describe,functions,inhibitors***
4.Formation of acetyl CoA from pyruvate
5.Malate aspartate shuttle*
Free radicals & antioxidants
6.Substrate level phosphorylation* 1.Antioxidant vitamins & enzymes*
2.Antioxidants*
3.Name & explain free radicals
Heme metabolism
1.Heme synthesis & regulation*** Detoxification
-note on acute intermittent porphyria 1.What are xenobiotics***
2.Degradation of heme* -how are they detoxified?(phases
3.Hemolytic Jaundice of detoxification)
4.Hemoglobinopathies*
5.Biochemical basis of Sickle cell anaemia Vitamins
6.Formation & fate of bilirubin* 1.Vit A **-
7.Methaemoglobin sources,functions,deficiency
-Wald’s Visual cycle
Liver Function Tests 2.Vit D **
1.Role of various enzymes in LFT** -Sources,RDA,chemistry,functions,
2.Test based on detoxification* deficiency
-excretory function* 3.Enumerate B-complex vitamins
-study all b-complex vitamins
Kidney Function Tests 4.Vitamin C **
1.Urea clearance test*
Digestion & absorption
2.Creatinine clearance test* -Lactose intolerance
Mineral metabolism Mutation & Inheritance
1.Iron -dietary sources,role,absorption** 1.Genetic code - features***
Disease manifestation,iron homeostasis 2.Lac Operon*
2.Calcium -sources,functions, RDA 3.Point mutations
Disease manifestation .***
-factors influencing Ca absorption
3.Zinc *
RDNA technology (Only
4. Copper -Cu containing enzymes (name)* BAQs & SAQ)
5.Functions of phosphorus 1.Application of recombinant
6.Regulation of serum calcium levels** DNA technology **
2.What is RDNA technology?

Energy metabolism & Nutrition

1.Protein energy malnutrition*** Hormones
-Kwashiorkar & Marasmus 1.Secondary messengers**
2.Uses of dietary fibres * -note on cyclic AMP
3. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) ** 2.Hormonal regulation of blood
glucose *
3.Mechanism of action of
Nucleotide metabolism steroid hormones
1.Salvage pathway of Purine synthesis** 4.Mechanism of Hydrophilic
2.Catabolism of purine* hormones
3.Biologically important nucleotides ** 5.Mechanism of Group II
4.Hyperuricemia hormones
5.Primary & secondary gout**
Cancer
DNA 1.Tumour markers -enumerate**
1.Process of DNA replication** 2.Proto oncogenes & oncogenes*
-inhibitors of replication 3,Chemical carcinogens*
2.Chargaff’s rule*
Special techniques
Transcription & translation 1.Electrophoresis**
1.Different types of RNA -enumerate* 2.Chromatography -types*
2.Structure of tRNA -diagram & functions 3.Principle & use of Flame*
3.Protein biosynthesis in prokaryotes* photometer
-regulation & inhibitors
4.What is ribosome, role in translation* Starvation***
-Antibiotics which act on ribosome
Radioactive isotopes*
5.Reverse transcription -short note
-diagnostic & therapeutic use