DIESEL GENERATOR
NAME : SWAYAMSIDHA SINGH
REGD. NO. : 2102050075
SEMESTER : 7TH
BRANCH : ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
THERMAL POWER PLANT :
A thermal power station converts heat energy into electricity, primarily using steam-driven turbines. Water is heated
to create steam, which spins the turbine connected to an electrical generator. The steam is then condensed and
recycled in a process known as the Rankine cycle. Fossil fuels, particularly coal, are the most common heat sources,
but nuclear and solar heat energy can also be used. These plants can also produce heat for industrial uses .Vedanta
power plant consist of 2400MW of independent power plant and 1215MW of Captive Power Plant.
Thermal Power Plant Consist of different equipments such as:
Boiler, Turbine ,Generator, Condenser, Feedwater Pump, Cooling
Tower, Economizer, Superheater, Reheater, Air Preheater, Fuel
Handling System, Ash Handling System, Coal Handling System,
Electrostatic Precipitator etc.
CAPTIVE POWER PLANT (9*135 MW) :
A captive power plant is a dedicated energy generation
facility built by industrial or commercial entities to
supply electricity for their own use, rather than for the
public grid. These plants are crucial for industries such
as manufacturing, mining, and large commercial
operations, where a reliable, uninterrupted power
supply is essential. Captive power plants can utilize
various energy sources, including coal, natural gas,
diesel, and renewable resources, allowing companies to
tailor their energy solutions to specific needs and local
conditions. By generating their own power, businesses
can achieve significant cost savings, enhance energy
security, and maintain greater control over their energy
management. This self-sufficiency in energy supply
helps mitigate the risks associated with power outages
and fluctuating energy prices, thereby ensuring
smoother and more efficient operations..
COAL HANDLING PLANT:
A coal handling power plant manages the reception, processing, storage, and feeding of coal to the boiler for
electricity generation. Coal is delivered, unloaded, stored, crushed, and then transported to the boiler's furnace for
combustion. These include unloading equipment, conveyor belts, crushers, screens, and storage facilities. Effective
coal handling ensures a consistent fuel supply, optimal combustion, and efficient power generation while
minimizing dust and environmental impacts.
Coal Handling Plant have 3 these three System:
(1) Wagon Unloading System
(2) Crushing System
(3) Conveying System
• Stacker Reclaimer
• Conveyor Belt Specification
• Feeder
ASH HANDLING PLANT :
Ash handling refers to the method of collection, conveying,
storage and load out of various types of ash residue left over
from solid fuel combustion processes. The ash produced on
the combustion of coal is collected by ESP. This ash is now
required to be disposed off. This purpose of ash disposal is
solved by Ash Handling Plant (AHP).
There are basically 2 types of ash handling processes
undertaken by AHP
• Dry ash system
• Ash slurry system
• Bottom Ash System
• Ash Water System
• Fly Ash System
DIESEL GENERATOR :
• A diesel generator is a combination of diesel engine and a
alternator. Diesel engine is used as power to drive
generator to generate electricity. Diesel Engine is a
compression ignition engine with diesel fuel.
• Usually, a diesel generator set is composed of three parts:
diesel engine, AC synchronous generator and control
panel.
• The working principle of diesel engine is that the air is
compressed in the cylinder which causes the temperature
to rise.
• The diesel oil sprayed into the cylinder self- burns,
produce high temperature and high-pressure gas. The fuel
gas expansion forces the piston to work, the heat energy is
converted into mechanical energy.This mechanical energy
then rotates a crank to produce Electricity.
• As a matter of fact, the diesel engine working is done by
four processes: intake, compression, combustion
expansion, and exhaust, which forms a working cycle.
MAIN COMPONENTS OF DIESEL GENERATOR :
(1) ENGINE
(2) ALTERNATOR
(3) FUEL SYSTEM
(4) VOLTAGE REGULATOR
(5) COOLING AND EXHAUST SYSTEM
(6) LUBRICATION SYSTEM
(7) BATTERY CHARGER
(8) CONTROL PANEL
(9) MAIN ASSEMBLY/FRAME
COMPONENTS OF DIESEL GENERATOR :
• Diesel Engine: Provides the mechanical energy by burning diesel fuel. It converts the chemical energy in
diesel into mechanical power.
• Alternator (Generator): Converts the mechanical energy from the diesel engine into electrical energy. It
consists of a rotor and stator, generating electricity as the rotor turns.
• Fuel System: Fuel Tank: Stores diesel fuel. Fuel Pump: Delivers fuel from the tank to the engine. Fuel
Filter: Removes impurities from the fuel to ensure clean combustion.
• Cooling System: Radiator: Cools the engine by dissipating heat from the coolant.
• Coolant Pump: Circulates coolant through the engine and radiator.
• Exhaust System: Channels exhaust gases away from the engine and reduces noise.
• Lubrication System: Oil Pump: Circulates engine oil to lubricate moving parts.
• Oil Filter: Removes contaminants from the engine oil.
• Battery Charger: Keeps the battery charged to ensure reliable starting of the engine.
STEPS TO THE PROPER MAINTANCE OF
DIESEL GENERATOR:
During the running of the diesel generator, the exhaust system, fuel system, DC electrical system and engine require
close monitoring for any leaks that can cause hazardous occurrences. (
As with any Internal combustion engine, proper maintenance is essential.
• STEP 1: LUBRICATION SERVICE
• STEP 2: COOLING SYSTEM
• STEP 3: FUEL SYSTEM
• STEP 4: TESTING BATTERIES
• STEP 5: ROUTINE ENGINE EXERCISE
• STEP 6: KEEP YOUR DIESEL GENERATOR CLEAN
• STEP 7: EXHAUST SYSTEM INSPECTION
WORKING OF DIESEL GENERATOR :
Diesel fuel is stored in a tank and injected into the engine’s combustion chamber. Simultaneously, air is drawn in
(
through an air filter and mixed with the diesel fuel. The air-fuel mixture is compressed within the combustion
chamber. The high pressure causes the mixture to ignite spontaneously, resulting in a powerful explosion. The
explosion drives the engine’s pistons, converting the energy from the combustion into mechanical energy. This
mechanical energy is then transformed into rotational energy. The rotational energy from the engine is transferred to
an alternator. Within the alternator, the rotation creates a magnetic field around a set of windings, generating
electricity through electromagnetic induction. A cooling system, typically involving a circulating coolant and
radiator, dissipates this heat to maintain optimal. The electricity generated by the diesel generator can be used to
power critical systems within the thermal power plant, such as control systems, cooling systems, and safety
mechanisms. It ensures continuous operation during power outages and supports the plant during black start
procedures, where the generator provides the initial power needed to start up the main power generation units.
WORKING OF DIESEL ENGINE:
• Diesel Engine is mainly works on below strokes:
1) SUCTION STROKE
• In the suction stroke of a diesel engine, the piston moves down from the top dead center, drawing air into
the cylinder through an open inlet valve. Once enough air is drawn in, the inlet valve closes, and the
exhaust valve remains closed.
2) COMPRESSION STROKE
• In the compression stroke, the piston moves up from the bottom dead center with both valves closed. The
air drawn in during the suction stroke is compressed to a high pressure and temperature due to the upward
piston movement. This high pressure (up to 40 kg/cm²) raises the air temperature to a level sufficient to
ignite the fuel.
3)POWER STROKE:
• In the exhaust stroke, the piston moves upward, opening the exhaust valve while the inlet and fuel
valves remain closed. The upward piston movement expels most of the burnt gases through the open
exhaust valve, leaving only a small amount in the combustion chamber. At the end of the stroke, the
exhaust valve closes, completing the cycle.
4)EXHAUST STROKE:
• In the exhaust stroke, the piston moves upward, opening the exhaust valve while the inlet and fuel
valves remain closed. The upward piston movement expels most of the burnt gases through the open
exhaust valve, leaving only a small amount in the combustion chamber. At the end of the stroke, the
exhaust valve closes, completing the cycle.
APPLICATION OF DIESEL GENERATOR IN POWER
PLANT :
In a thermal power plant, a diesel generator can serve several critical functions:1.
(
1.Emergency Power Supply: Diesel generators provide backup power in case of a main power failure. This
ensures that essential systems, such as control systems, cooling systems, and safety mechanisms, remain
operational.
2. Black Start Capability: In the event of a complete power blackout, a diesel generator can help restart the main
power generation units by providing the initial power needed to start the plant's systems.
3. Peak Load Management: Diesel generators can be used to handle peak load demands, supplementing the main
power supply during periods of high electricity consumption.
4. Maintenance and Testing: During maintenance or testing of the main power generation units, diesel generators
can provide the necessary power to keep the plant's auxiliary systems running.
5. Remote Locations: In remote locations where connecting to the main grid is challenging, diesel generators can
serve as the primary power source for the thermal power plant’s initial operations.
CONCLUSION :
During my internship at Vedanta, I gained a comprehensive understanding of the
company's operations and the various processes involved in the Captive Power
Plant (CPP). This included in-depth knowledge of the coal handling plant, ash
handling plant, precipitator, and switchyard. Additionally, I learned about the
functions and importance of the diesel generator.This experience has significantly
enhanced my practical knowledge and technical skills, providing a solid foundation
for my future career in the energy sector.
THANK YOU
