What is Web3?

Web3 (or Web 3.0) is the next generation of the internet that aims to create a more open, decentralized, and user-controlled online world.
Unlike the current internet (Web2), where large companies control most of the data and services, Web3 empowers users to own their data,
identity, and digital assets directly.

Key Ideas Behind Web3:

1. Decentralization
Instead of relying on centralized servers owned by big companies (like Facebook, Google, Amazon), Web3 uses blockchain technology
to distribute data across many computers around the world. This means no single entity has full control.
2. User Ownership
Users own their digital identity, data, and assets. They can control who accesses their information and can even monetize their data if
they want.
3. Trustless & Permissionless
Web3 applications run on blockchain networks where users don’t need to trust a middleman or ask permission to use services. Smart
contracts automate transactions and agreements transparently and securely.
4. Cryptocurrency and Tokens
Digital currencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum power Web3. They enable peer-to-peer transactions, incentivize network participation,
and represent ownership in decentralized platforms.

How is Web3 Different from Web1 and Web2?

Aspect Web1 (1990s) Web2 (Today) Web3 (Future)
Internet Type Read-only Read & Write Read, Write & Own
Data Control Centralized websites Platforms own user data Users own their own data
Interaction Static pages Interactive & social media Decentralized apps (dApps)
Monetization Ads & centralized revenue Platforms monetize user data Users earn via tokens & crypto

Real-World Examples of Web3

• Decentralized Finance (DeFi): Platforms like Uniswap and Aave let people borrow, lend, and trade crypto without banks or brokers.
• NFT Marketplaces: Websites like OpenSea allow artists to sell digital art as NFTs, proving true ownership and scarcity.
• Decentralized Social Media: Platforms like Mastodon or Lens Protocol aim to give users control over their social media presence
without corporate censorship.

Why Web3 Matters?

• Privacy: You decide what data you share.
• Security: Data stored on blockchain is hard to hack or alter.
• Censorship Resistance: No central authority can remove your content.
• New Opportunities: Anyone can build, participate, and earn in this new internet ecosystem.

Summary
Web3 is a decentralized internet built on blockchain technology where users control their data and assets without intermediaries. It promises a
fairer, more secure, and open web for everyone.

Main Subjects of Web3 Explained with Examples

1. Blockchain
• What it is:
A blockchain is a digital ledger that records transactions in blocks. These blocks are linked together and stored across many computers
worldwide, making it secure and tamper-proof.
• Example:
When you send cryptocurrency to a friend, the transaction is recorded on the blockchain and can’t be changed or deleted by anyone.

2. Decentralization
• What it is:
In Web3, data and control are not held by a single company or server. Instead, data is distributed across many computers, giving users
control over their own data.
• Example:
Unlike Facebook or Google, where your data is stored and controlled by them, in Web3 you own your data and decide who can
access it.
3. Cryptocurrency
• What it is:
Digital money used in Web3 platforms to perform transactions and incentivize users.
• Example:
Bitcoin and Ethereum are popular cryptocurrencies you can use to buy products, pay for services, or trade on decentralized
exchanges.

4. Smart Contracts
• What it is:
Self-executing programs stored on the blockchain that automatically run when certain conditions are met.
• Example:
A smart contract can automatically send payment to a seller once you confirm receipt of goods, without needing a middleman.

5. Wallets
• What it is:
Digital accounts where users store their cryptocurrencies, NFTs, and other digital assets securely.
• Example:
Metamask is a popular Web3 wallet that lets you send tokens, receive tokens, and connect to decentralized apps (dApps).

6. dApps (Decentralized Applications)

• What it is:
Applications built on blockchain that run without a central authority controlling them.
• Example:
o Uniswap: A decentralized exchange where you can trade cryptocurrencies directly with others.
o OpenSea: A marketplace to buy and sell NFTs (digital collectibles).

7. Tokenization
• What it is:
Turning real-world or digital assets into tokens on the blockchain that can be owned, traded, or sold.
• Example:
You can mint your digital art as an NFT token and sell it on OpenSea, giving the buyer true ownership of that artwork.

8. Consensus Mechanisms
• What it is:
The methods by which blockchain networks agree on which transactions are valid and add new blocks.
• Example:
o Proof of Work (PoW): Miners solve complex puzzles to add blocks (used by Bitcoin).
o Proof of Stake (PoS): Validators are chosen based on how many coins they hold and stake (used by Ethereum 2.0).

9. Layer 2 Solutions
• What it is:
Technologies built on top of main blockchains to reduce fees and increase speed.
• Example:
If Ethereum gas fees are high, you can use solutions like Arbitrum or Optimism for cheaper and faster transactions.

10. Oracles
• What it is:
Services that bring real-world data into the blockchain so smart contracts can react to external events.
• Example:
Chainlink oracle can provide weather data to a smart contract that automatically pays farmers if it detects a drought.

Summary
Web3 is a new kind of internet where you control your data and digital assets using blockchain technology. Cryptocurrencies power
transactions, smart contracts automate agreements, wallets hold your digital assets, and decentralized apps give you services without
middlemen.

Web3 Roadmap – Detailed Step-by-Step Guide

Step 1: Understand the Basics of Web3
• Learn what Web3 is: Understand how Web3 differs from previous internet versions (Web1: read-only; Web2: read-write; Web3: read-
write-own).
• Core concepts: Study Blockchain (digital ledger technology), Decentralization (no central authority), Cryptocurrency (digital money),
Smart Contracts (self-executing contracts), Wallets (digital asset holders).
• Explore Web3 apps: Look at real examples like DeFi platforms (Uniswap), NFT marketplaces (OpenSea), and decentralized social
networks to see how Web3 is applied.

Step 2: Learn Web Development Fundamentals (Web2 Skills)

• HTML & CSS: Learn how to build static websites and design layouts. These are essential because dApps often have web frontends.
• JavaScript: Add interactivity and dynamic content to websites. JavaScript is crucial for frontend Web3 integration.
• Git & GitHub: Version control your code and collaborate with others by learning Git commands and using GitHub repositories.
• Optional React.js: Familiarize yourself with React, a popular JavaScript library, because many Web3 frontends use React for better
user experience.

Step 3: Dive Into Blockchain Fundamentals

• Blockchain structure: Understand how blocks are linked, what data they contain, and why it’s secure.
• Consensus mechanisms: Learn Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS), the protocols that help blockchain networks agree on
transactions.
• Ethereum basics: Ethereum is the most popular Web3 blockchain supporting smart contracts. Study its architecture and EVM
(Ethereum Virtual Machine).
• Wallets and transactions: Learn how wallets store your crypto keys, sign transactions, and interact with the blockchain.

Step 4: Learn Solidity (Smart Contract Programming)

• Write smart contracts: Use Solidity to create programs that run on Ethereum and control digital assets automatically.
• Remix IDE: Use this online editor to write, test, and deploy your smart contracts easily.
• Understand contract elements: Study important parts like contract structure, functions, modifiers, events, and data mappings.
• Local testing: Use tools like Hardhat or Truffle for developing and testing smart contracts on your own computer. Ganache provides a
private blockchain for testing.

Step 5: Web3 Frontend Integration

• Web3.js & Ethers.js: Learn these JavaScript libraries to connect your frontend with the blockchain. They allow your website to read
from and write to smart contracts.
• Connect wallets: Integrate wallet providers like Metamask so users can interact with your dApp securely.
• Build simple dApps: Create apps where users can view blockchain data and perform transactions, like sending tokens or voting.

Step 6: Build Full-Fledged dApps

• Decentralized storage: Use IPFS or Web3.Storage to store files off-chain but accessible in a decentralized way.
• NFT minting: Develop apps that allow users to create, buy, or sell NFTs representing digital collectibles or assets.
• Backend services: Use Moralis or The Graph to efficiently index and query blockchain data, improving dApp performance.
• Production-ready dApps: Deploy apps that real users can use with high reliability, security, and scalability.

Step 7: Explore Advanced Web3 Topics

• Layer 2 scaling: Study solutions like Arbitrum and Optimism that make transactions cheaper and faster on Ethereum.
• DAO governance: Learn how Decentralized Autonomous Organizations let communities govern projects transparently.
• Oracles: Understand Chainlink oracles that feed external real-world data into smart contracts (e.g., weather, price feeds).
• Privacy technologies: Explore zero-knowledge proofs (zk-SNARKs) that enable privacy-preserving transactions.
• Cross-chain bridges: Learn how to transfer tokens or data between different blockchain networks.

Step 8: Join the Web3 Ecosystem

• Open source contribution: Collaborate on Web3 projects via GitHub to gain experience and reputation.
• Hackathons & communities: Participate in events like ETHGlobal or buildspace to network and improve skills.
• Freelance & jobs: Apply your skills as a Web3 developer on platforms like Fiverr, Upwork, or LinkedIn remote jobs.
• Launch projects: Create your own token, NFT collection, DeFi platform, or game to contribute to the ecosystem and earn.

Where to Learn Web3 — Best Resources & Platforms

Step 1: Learn Web3 Basics

 • Web3 Foundation – Intro to Web3 concepts
• Ethereum.org - Learn – Beginner-friendly blockchain & Web3 intro
• YouTube Channels:
o Dapp University
o EatTheBlocks
o Finematics (for deep but clear blockchain explainer videos)

Step 2: Learn Web Development Fundamentals

• freeCodeCamp — Free full courses on HTML, CSS, JavaScript
• MDN Web Docs — In-depth web development docs and tutorials
• Codecademy — Interactive JavaScript courses
• React Official Tutorial — React basics

Step 3: Blockchain Fundamentals

• Blockchain Basics on Coursera (University of Buffalo)
• Ivan on Tech Academy – Blockchain and crypto courses
• Ethereum Developer Tutorials

Step 4: Learn Solidity & Smart Contracts

• CryptoZombies — Fun, interactive Solidity coding lessons
• Solidity Docs — Official Solidity language documentation
• Remix IDE — Online Solidity IDE to practice coding
• Hardhat Tutorials — Smart contract development & testing
• Buildspace — Hands-on Web3 projects, including Solidity

Step 5: Web3 Frontend Integration

• Web3.js Documentation
• Ethers.js Docs
• Web3 Frontend Tutorials - Dapp University
• Moralis Web3 API — Simplify backend integration

Step 6: Build Full dApps & NFT Projects

• OpenSea Developer Docs — NFT marketplace integration
• IPFS Documentation — Decentralized storage
• The Graph Docs — Indexing blockchain data
• Moralis — Backend services for Web3 apps

Step 7: Advanced Web3 Topics

• Layer 2 Scaling Guide - Ethereum.org
• DAO Tutorials & Tools - Aragon
• Chainlink Academy — Learn Oracles
• Zokrates — Zero-knowledge proof toolkit

Step 8: Join Web3 Communities & Practice

• GitHub: Explore & contribute to Web3 projects
• ETHGlobal Hackathons: https://ethglobal.co/
• Buildspace: Project-based learning and community
• Discord & Twitter: Follow Web3 thought leaders & communities
• Freelance Platforms: Fiverr, Upwork for Web3 gigs

Bonus: Bangla Resources

• Look for local Bangla YouTube tutorials on Web3 basics and Solidity
• Join Bangladeshi tech communities on Facebook or Telegram for Web3 discussions and help

Learn Web3 for Free — Best Free Resources

Step 1: Web3 Basics

• Ethereum.org - What is Web3? — Official intro to Web3 concepts
 • Finematics YouTube Channel — Free animated explainer videos about blockchain & Web3
• Dapp University YouTube — Beginner-friendly Web3 tutorials

Step 2: Web Development Fundamentals (HTML, CSS, JavaScript)

• freeCodeCamp — Full free courses on HTML, CSS, JavaScript
• MDN Web Docs — Free and detailed tutorials on web development basics
• JavaScript.info — Comprehensive free JavaScript guide

Step 3: Blockchain Fundamentals

• Blockchain Basics on Coursera (Audit Mode) — Free to audit course
• Ivan on Tech Academy YouTube — Free blockchain and crypto tutorials

Step 4: Solidity & Smart Contract Coding

• CryptoZombies — Interactive and gamified Solidity lessons (free)
• Remix IDE — Online Solidity editor to practice coding without installation
• Solidity Documentation — Official language docs
• Buildspace — Free Web3 projects and community (some free projects)

Step 5: Web3 Frontend Integration

• Web3.js Documentation (free)
• Ethers.js Documentation (free)
• Dapp University YouTube — Free frontend integration tutorials

Step 6: Build Full dApps & NFTs

• IPFS Docs — Free decentralized storage docs
• The Graph Docs — Free data indexing tools
• OpenSea Developer Resources — NFT marketplace APIs and guides (free)
• Moralis Free Tier — Backend for Web3, free tier available

Step 7: Advanced Topics (Scaling, DAO, Oracles)

• Ethereum.org Scaling Section — Free guides on Layer 2
• Chainlink Learn — Free tutorials on oracles
• Aragon — DAO building tools with free resources
• Zokrates — Free zero-knowledge proof toolkit docs

Step 8: Join Communities & Practice

• GitHub: Explore and contribute to open-source Web3 projects (free)
• ETHGlobal Hackathons: Often free or have free tracks (https://ethglobal.co/)
• Discord & Twitter: Free to join and network with Web3 developers
• Free Web3 Coding Challenges: buildspace (free projects)

Bonus: Bangla Free Resources

• Search YouTube for “Web3 Tutorial Bangla” or “Solidity Bangla” — many creators offer free videos
• Join Bangladeshi tech Facebook groups or Telegram channels focused on blockchain and Web3