RD Sharma

1. The probability that it will rain tomorrow is 0.85. What is the probability that it will not
rain tomorrow?

2. A die thrown. Find the probability of getting:

(i) a prime number
(ii) 2 or 4
(iii) a multiple of 2 or 3

3. In a simultaneous throw of a pair of dice, find the probability of getting:

(i) 8 as the sum
(ii) a doublet
(iii) a doublet of prime numbers
(iv) a doublet of odd numbers
(v) a sum greater than 9
(vi) An even number on first
(vii) an even number on one and a multiple of 3 on the other
(viii) neither 9 nor 11 as the sum of the numbers on the faces
(ix) a sum less than 6
(x) a sum less than 7
(xi) a sum more than 7
(xii) at least once
(xiii) a number other than 5 on any dice.

4. Three coins are tossed together. Find the probability of getting:

(i) exactly two heads
(ii) at least two heads
(iii) at least one head and one tail
(iv) no tails

5. A card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards. Find the probability that the card
drawn is:
(i) a black king
(ii) either a black card or a king
(iii) black and a king
(iv) a jack, queen or a king
(v) neither a heart nor a king
(vi) spade or an ace
(vii) neither an ace nor a king
(viii) neither a red card nor a queen
(ix) other than an ace
(x) a ten
(xi) a spade
(xii) a black card
(xiii) the seven of clubs
(xiv) jack
(xv) the ace of spades
(xvi) a queen
(xvii) a heart
(xviii) a red card

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6. An urn contains 10 red and 8 white balls. One ball is drawn at random. Find the
probability that the ball drawn is white.

7. A bag contains 3 red balls, 5 black balls and 4 white balls. A ball is drawn at
random from the bag. What is the probability that the ball drawn is :
(i) White?
(ii) red?
(iii) black?
(iv) not red?

8. What is the probability that a number selected from the numbers 1, 2, 3, …, 15 is a

multiple of 4?

9. A bag contains 6 red, 8 black and 4 white balls. A ball is drawn at random. What is the
probability that ball drawn is not black?

10. A bag contains 5 white and 7 red balls. One ball is drawn at random. What is the
probability that ball drawn is white?

11. A bag contains 4 red, 5 black and 6 white balls. One ball is drawn from the bag at
random. Find the probability that the ball drawn is:
(i) white
(ii) red
(iii) not black
(iv) red or white

12. A bag contains 3 red balls and 5 black balls. A ball is drawn at random from the
bag. What is the probability that the ball drawn is:
(i) red
(ii) black

13. A bag contains 5 red marbles, 8 white marbles, 4 green marbles. What is the
probability that if one marble is taken out of the bag at random, it will be
(i) red
(ii) white
(iii) not green

14. If you put 21 consonants and 5 vowels in a bag. What would carry greater
probability? Getting a consonant or a vowel? Find each probability?

15. If we have 15 boys and 5 girls in a class which carries a higher probability? Getting a
copy belonging to a boy or a girl. Can you give it a value?

16. It you have a collection of 6 pairs of white socks and 3 pairs of black socks. What is
the probability that a pair you pick without looking is (i) white? (ii) black?

17. If you have a spinning wheel with 3-green sectors, 1-blue sector and 1-red sector.
What is the probability of getting a green sector? Is it the maximum?

18. When two dice are rolled:

(i) List the outcomes for the event that the total is odd.

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(ii) Find probability of getting an odd total.
(iii) List the outcomes for the event that total is less than 5.
(iv) Find the probability of getting a total less than 5?

NCERT
Example 1: A coin is tossed 1000 times with the following frequencies:
Head : 455, Tail : 545 Compute the probability for each event.

Example 2: Two coins are tossed simultaneously 500 times, and we get
Two heads: 105 times
One head: 275 times
No head : 120 times
Find the probability of occurrence of each of these events.

Example 3: A die is thrown 1000 times with the frequencies for the outcomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
as given in the following table:

Find the probability of getting each outcome

Example 4: On one page of a telephone directory, there were 200 telephone numbers. The
frequency distribution of their unit place digit (for example, in the number 25828573, the unit
place digit is 3) is given in:

Without looking at the page, the pencil is placed on one of these numbers, i.e., the number is
chosen at random. What is the probability that the digit in its unit place is 6?

Example 5: The record of a weather station shows that out of the past 250 consecutive days, its
weather forecasts were correct 175 times.
(i) What is the probability that on a given day it was correct?
(ii) What is the probability that it was not correct on a given day?

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Example 6: A tyre manufacturing company kept a record of the distance covered before a tyre
needed to be replaced. The table shows the results of 1000 cases

If you buy a tyre of this company, what is the probability that:

(i) it will need to be replaced before it has covered 4000 km?
(ii) it will last more than 9000 km?
(iii) it will need to be replaced after it has covered somewhere between 4000 km and 14000 km?

Example 7: The percentage of marks obtained by a student in the monthly unit tests are given
below:

Based on this data, find the probability that the student gets more than 70% marks in a unit test.

Example 8: An insurance company selected 2000 drivers at random (i.e., without any
preference of one driver over another) in a particular city to find a relationship between age and
accidents. The data obtained are given in the following table

Find the probabilities of the following events for a driver chosen at random from the city:
(i) being 18-29 years of age and having exactly 3 accidents in one year.
(ii) being 30-50 years of age and having one or more accidents in a year.
(iii) having no accidents in one year

Example 9: Consider the frequency distribution table (Table 14.3, Example 4, Chapter 14),
which gives the weights of 38 students of a class.

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(i) Find the probability that the weight of a student in the class lies in the interval 46-50 kg.
(ii) Give two events in this context, one having probability 0 and the other having probability 1.

What is the probability of germination of

(i) More than 40 seeds in a bag?
(ii) 49 seeds in a bag?
(iii) more than 35 seeds in a bag?

1. In a cricket match, a batswoman hits a boundary 6 times out of 30 balls she plays. Find the
probability that she did not hit a boundary.
2. 1500 families with 2 children were selected randomly, and the following data were recorded:

Compute the probability of a family, chosen at random, having

(i) 2 girls
(ii) 1 girl
(iii) No girl
Also check whether the sum of these probabilities is 1.

3. Refer to Example 5, Section 14.4, Chapter 14. Find the probability that a student of the class
was born in August.

4. Three coins are tossed simultaneously 200 times with the following frequencies of different
outcomes:

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If the three coins are simultaneously tossed again, compute the probability of 2 heads coming
up.

5. An organisation selected 2400 families at random and surveyed them to determine a

relationship between income level and the number of vehicles in a family. The information
gathered is listed in the table below:

Suppose a family is chosen. Find the probability that the family chosen is
(i) earning ` 10000 – 13000 per month and owning exactly 2 vehicles.
(ii) earning ` 16000 or more per month and owning exactly 1 vehicle.
(iii) earning less than ` 7000 per month and does not own any vehicle.
(iv) earning ` 13000 – 16000 per month and owning more than 2 vehicles.
(v) owning not more than 1 vehicle.

6. Refer to Table 14.7, Chapter 14.

(i) Find the probability that a student obtained less than 20% in the mathematics test.
(ii) Find the probability that a student obtained marks 60 or above.

7. To know the opinion of the students about the subject statistics, a survey of 200 students was
conducted. The data is recorded in the following table.

Find the probability that a student chosen at random

(i) likes statistics,
(ii) does not like it.

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8. Refer to Q.2, Exercise 14.2. What is the empirical probability that an engineer lives:
(i) less than 7 km from her place of work?
(ii) more than or equal to 7 km from her place of work?
(iii) within 1 2 km from her place of work

9. Activity: Note the frequency of two-wheelers, three-wheelers and four-wheelers going past
during a time interval, in front of your school gate. Find the probability that any one vehicle out
of the total vehicles you have observed is a two-wheeler.

10. Activity: Ask all the students in your class to write a 3-digit number. Choose any student
from the room at random. What is the probability that the number written by her/him is divisible
by 3? Remember that a number is divisible by 3, if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3.

11. Eleven bags of wheat flour, each marked 5 kg, actually contained the following weights of
flour (in kg): 4.97 5.05 5.08 5.03 5.00 5.06 5.08 4.98 5.04 5.07 5.00 Find the probability that any
of these bags chosen at random contains more than 5 kg of flour.

12. In Q.5, Exercise 14.2, you were asked to prepare a frequency distribution table, regarding
the concentration of sulphur dioxide in the air in parts per million of a certain city for 30 days.
Using this table, find the probability of the concentration of sulphur dioxide in the interval 0.12 -
0.16 on any of these days.

13. In Q.1, Exercise 14.2, you were asked to prepare a frequency distribution table regarding
the blood groups of 30 students of a class. Use this table to determine the probability that a
student of this class, selected at random, has blood group AB

1. A coin is tossed 125 times and head is obtained 64 times. Now, if a coin is tossed at
random, what is the probability of getting a head?
2. A corn is tossed 200 times and tails obtained 128 times. Now, if a coin is tossed at
random, what is the probability of getting a tail?
3. In 60 throws of a dice, 6 is obtained 24 times. Now, in a random throw of a dice, what is
the probability of getting 6?
4. In 100 throws of a dice, 5 is obtained 42 times. In a random throw of a dice, what is the
probability of getting 5?

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5. In 150 throws of a dice, 2 is obtained 76 times. In a random throw of a dice, what is the
probability of getting 2?
6. In 2010, there was a survey of 200 people, it was found that 82 like orange juice while
118 dislike it. From these people, one is chosen at random. What is the probability that
the chosen person dislikes orange juice?
7. In a box there are 10 non-defective and some defective bulbs. If the probability that a
bulb selected at random from the box to be defective is 2/7 then find the number of
defective bulbs.
8. A bag contains 5 white balls and some black balls. If the probability of drawing a black
ball from the bag is twice the probability of drawing a white ball then find the number of
black balls.
9. A bag contains 4 red balls, 6 green balls and some white balls. If the probability of not
drawing a white ball in one draw be 2/3 then find the number of white balls.