G 06 International
3. Forces and energy
Topics to Cover
3.1 Gravity, weight and mass
3.2 Formation of the Solar System
3.3 Movement in space
3.4 Tides
3.5 Energy
3.6 Changes in energy
3.7 Where does energy go?
🌌 Unit: Forces and Energy
Big Idea: How do forces shape the universe and how is energy used
around us?
3.1 Gravity, Weight and Mass
🔍 Key Concepts:
Mass is the amount of matter in an object (kg).
Weight is the force of gravity on an object (N).
Gravity is a force that pulls objects towards each other.
Term Explanation Example
Mass Amount of matter A book has a mass of 1 kg
Weight Mass × gravity On Earth, weight = 1 kg × 10 N/kg = 10
N
Gravity Attraction between masses Keeps us on Earth
🔢 Formula:
Weight = Mass × Gravitational Field Strength
(Earth's gravity = 10 N/kg)
Think About It:
Would your weight change on the Moon? Why?
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🌍 3.2 Formation of the Solar System
Explanation:
Formed from a giant cloud of gas and dust about 4.6 billion years ago.
The cloud collapsed under gravity, forming a spinning disk.
The Sun formed at the center; planets formed from the remaining material.
🔭 Stages:
1. Nebula → 2. Protostar → 3. Star and planetesimals → 4. Planets
📌 Key Term:
Nebula – cloud of gas and dust in space
🎨 Activity Suggestion:
Draw the stages of solar system formation using a comic strip.
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🚀 3.3 Movement in Space
🔄 Key Movements:
Rotation – spinning on an axis (causes day and night)
Revolution – orbiting around the Sun (causes seasons)
Planetary Motion:
All planets orbit the Sun in elliptical paths.
The Moon orbits the Earth.
Did You Know?
A day on Jupiter is only 10 hours long due to its fast rotation!
💭 Quick Check:
What causes a year?
Why do stars appear to move across the night sky?
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🌊 3.4 Tides
🌕 Caused by:
The gravitational pull of the Moon (mainly) and the Sun.
Types of Tides:
Tide Type Caused When Effect
High tide Moon is overhead Water level rises
Low tide Moon is not overhead Water level drops
📌 Spring Tides = Strongest (Sun + Moon aligned)
📌 Neap Tides = Weakest (Sun & Moon at 90°)
🎓 Think & Connect:
How do tides affect fishing communities?
Let’s understand this
Tides Effect fishing
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⚡ 3.5 Energy
🛠 What is Energy?
The ability to do work or cause change
Measured in Joules (J)
🔋 Forms of Energy:
Kinetic (moving), Potential (stored)
Thermal, Chemical, Electrical, Light, Sound, Nuclear
🎲 Activity:
Sort household objects into different energy types!
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🔄 3.6 Changes in Energy
🔁 Energy Can Change Forms:
Battery → Chemical → Electrical → Light (in a torch)
Food → Chemical → Kinetic (in your body)
⚠ Energy is never created or destroyed, only transformed – this is the Law of
Conservation of Energy.
💡 Example:
Dropping a ball:
Gravitational potential → Kinetic → Sound + Thermal
📌 KEY: Total energy stays the same!
Let’s dwell bit deeper into changing for of energy by seeing this video
Energy Changes
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🌀 3.7 Where Does Energy Go?
🎯 Useful Vs Wasted Energy
Useful Energy: the energy we want (e.g. light from a bulb)
Wasted Energy: often released as heat or sound
🕳 Energy Dissipation:
Over time, energy spreads out and becomes less useful.
🔧 Efficiency:
Efficiency = (Useful energy ÷ Total energy) × 100%
💡 Example:
Light bulb: 10 J input → 2 J light (useful), 8 J heat (wasted)
Efficiency = (2 ÷ 10) × 100% = 20%
Let’s See some interesting Video
Types of Energy
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Summary Table
Topic Key Concept Real-world Link
Gravity Pulls objects together Why we don’t float away
Solar System Formed from gas/dust Where Earth came from
Space Movement Rotation & revolution Causes seasons and time
Tides Moon's gravity Fishing & shipping
Energy Ability to do work Fuels everything
Energy Change One form to another Powering machines
Energy Loss Not 100% efficient Warm electronics
🎯 Check Your Progress (Sample Qs)
1. Define gravity and give one example.
2. What causes high and low tides?
3. Name 3 forms of energy.
4. Why is no energy system 100% efficient?
5. Draw and label the energy changes in a falling apple.
Extension Thinking
What would life be like without gravity?
How might future energy systems reduce energy waste?
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