HSE NOTES

❖ Safety:-Safety is freedom from unacceptable risk of harm.

❖ Method statement:-It is document submitted by contractor to client covering the general work
procedure of particular job in a safe manner as per require standard.
❖ TBT;- A communication session between the work supervisor and his crew regarding the work
activities they have to perform in order to help in complete the work in a safe manner.
❖ ACCIDENT; - Accident is an undesired unplanned occurrence which resulted to an injury or death to
the person or damage to property or environment. It is occurring due to unsafe act & unsafe
condition.
❖ INCIDENT; - A work related events in which an injury, ill-health, fatality or damage to the
environment occurred or could have occurred is term as an incident.
❖ NEARMISS - An incident where no injury, ill-health or damage or other loss occur is referred as a near
miss.
❖ LTI - A lost time injury is a work related injury resulting in the employee / contractor being unable to
attend the work on the next working day after the day of injury.
❖ Comparison between Incident & Accident?
All accidents are not incidents but all incidents are accident.
❖ FIRST-AID: - Temporary and immediate care given to the victim of an accident.

❖ HAZARD:-Anything that has potential to cause harm, to (PEAR) people, environment, assets, and
reputation.
❖ DANGER:-Occurrence of harm to an employees or degree of harm.

❖ RISK - Risk is probability and severity of the hazard.

❖ POTENTIAL RISK:-Risk of hazard before implementation of control measure.

❖ RESIDUAL RISK:-Risk is left over after implementation of control measure.

❖ ALARP- AS LOW AS REASONABLY PARTICABLE:-Its means the Risk is controlled as much as possible to
in acceptable work.
❖ REACTIVE;-To find the root cause of happening.

❖ PROACTIVE:-To control of hazard before it can occur.

❖ HSE PLAN:-Plan is a document to execute the health, safety, environmental management system.
PLAN, DO, CHECK, ACT.
❖ HSE PLAN INCLUDES?
✔ Leadership & commitment.

✔ Policy & objectives.

✔ Site HSE Rules & Regulation.

✔ Standard and Specification.

✔ Communication.

✔ Risk Management.

✔ Training & Education.

✔ Selection of subcontractors & Vendors.

✔ Health, Safety, Environment protection.

✔ Medical, Emergency service & Evacuation.

✔ Pre-commissioning & Commissioning.

✔ Fire prevention & Protection.

✔ Audit & Assessments.

✔ Records & Reports.

✔ Incentive scheme.

❖ Source of Ignition:-Anything that has the potential to fire & Explosion.

❖ HSE POLICY:-HSE policy is commitment of management or organization towards safety.

❖ HSE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM;-A health and safety management system is a process put in place by an
employer to minimize the risk of injury and ill-ness, this is made possible by identifying, assessing,
and controlling risks to workers in all work place operations.
❖ What are the Element of an HSE Management system?
● Description of Project scope of work.
● Leadership and Commitment
● Policy and Objective
● HSE Organization, Resources and Competence
● Hazard Evaluation and Risk (effect) Management
● HSE Planning standards and Procedures
● Implementation and Monitoring
● Audit & Management Review
❖ AUDIT;-Audit is an important and use full technique to evaluate the effectiveness of the safety
system.
❖ Different between AUDIT & INSPECTION?
● AUDIT; - Audit is throws critical examination of system to check. INSPECTION
● Inspection is specific limited checking of location to DO.
❖ JSA: It is the procedure of analyzing job for the specific purpose of finding the hazards and
developing system. 1-Watch the job being done.2-Break the job down in to step.3-Describe the
desired control measure and.4-Implement these control measures in the job execution.
❖ What should be length of power tools cable why?
1.5 to 3 meter and easily disconnected from source.
❖ Why we are using 100 volts power tools why not 220 volts?
Reduce the risk of electrocution (Electrocution cause cardiac arrest), at 220 volts current is around 72
amperes, which can cause Electrocution.
❖ FLASH BACK ARRESTER (NRV):-It is a valve which is protecting cylinder from back fire.

❖ DEADMAN SWITCH:-To cut off the power supply to the tools in emergency.

❖ EARTHING: - Connecting the natural point of the supply system to the general mass by earth by line.

❖ Gas testing: - Gas testing is a process of identify the present gas to the particular location.

❖ Welfare facilities: - Access to basic facilities such as: - Drinking water, washing facilities, Toilet &
Bathroom, Rest shelter, Transportation, First-Aid, etc.
❖ Color coded: - It is quarterly physical inspection of a tools and tackles, equipment to identify the
condition, if found ok then put color code.
❖ Alarm three types; - Fire Alarm, H2S Alarm, Clear Alarm.

❖ HSE Induction :-HSE induction is a basic training to all the new employees like :-all staffs & workers
,Drivers, visitors before entering at site, details of project, scope of work Hazards, risk control
measures welfare facilities, rules & Regulations, procedure, policy etc.
❖ What is safety Violation?
● Safety violation is a beach of safety rules/ procedure.

❖ What is Horseplay?
● Unsafe silly activities of a worker and his co-worker is horseplay.
❖ What is Short cut?
● An unsafe method which seems to be simplifies the work, but having hazard/ risk.
❖ What is ISBL?
● ISBL is inside battery limits its means within the boundaries of a process (Process means all systems
containing gases, Liquids or Solids).
❖ What is Behavior based process?
● Behavior based performance is a work process through which work –groups behaviors are identified,
measured, changed and controlled through observations and communications .( critical behaviors
are identified and listed for subsequent observations)
❖ OSHA:-It is a part of overall management system that facilitates the management of occupational
health and safety risks associated with the business of the organization.
❖ What is high risk activities?
● Critical Lifting, Tandem lifting.
● Scaffolding above 10mtr height.
● Hot work inside the confined space.
❖ WHAT IS THE RISK ASSESSMENT?
Risk assessment is a process of Examination of what work could cause harm people, property and
plant, we have taken enough precaution and control measure against record the hazard.
The aim is make sure that no one gets hurt or become ills.
IT IS A LEGAL REQUIREMENT.
Five steps to Risk assessment.
● Identify the hazards. (Hazard can be identified through inspection, task analysis, manufacture,
instruction , legislation, MSDS ,previous accident/incident data, involved persons feedback,)
● Decide who can be harm
● Evaluate the Risk.- ( Likelihood * Severity= RR)
● Record Significant of findings. 1 to 5 =low
● Review the Risk assessment. 5 to 15 =Medium
❖ Draw and show the parts of TRA. 15 to 25 = high
● JOB STEP
● Hazard
● Cause
● Consequences
● Potential Risk
● Existing Barrier / Controls
● Recommended Controls
● Action by
● Residual Risk
● ALARP
● Completion
❖ How to Control Risk?
The risk is control by following process they are Eliminate, replace, reduce, control & PPE.

❖ How many kinds of Risk Assessment?

Specific
 Generic
Dynamic
Method
Quantitative
Qualitative
Semi Quantitative
❖ The potential risk for a job in TRA was found as high ,what should be done in order
To reduce the Risk?
● The Materials used for the job can be changed provide high quality materials.
● Provide information and instruction on the jobs done in the site.
● Provide training and supervision for the working staff
● More competent worker can be used.
● Appropriate PPE of high quality can be provided to the working person.
● The site should be provided with barricades and other safety method to create a safe of work.
❖ LOCKOUT & TAGOUT?
● LOTO is the safety procedure to ensure that the dangerous machine are properly shutoff and not
started up again prior to the completion of maintenance or servicing work.
● Locks and Tags will be normally removed only by the person who is installed them whenever
possible.
● Before Logout and Tag out make sure the isolation permit being obtained.
❖ What is the Main reason for using a LOTO System?
To prevent unexpected release of any kind of energy like: - Electrical, Mechanical or process during
maintenance, repair, testing or installation work.
❖ What is Isolation procedure LOTO?
● Identify Energy source.
● Notify who is involved particular activities.
● Shutdown the equipment. (Tag information :-LOCK,KEY then Tag)
● Isolate the equipment. (TAG :- Contact Details, LOTO Purpose, Duration if applicable)
● Use LOTO equipment
● Store energy to be release
● Re-check the Isolate
● Perform the activities
● LOTO Release (De-Isolate)
❖ Hazard: - High noise & pressure, Flying particles, Electrocution, Fire & Explosion, Heat Surface.

PTW
❖ PTW: - Permit to work is the legal formal written documents to carry out a work in a safe manner.
(Communication, comply, control.)
● PTW is providing for reducing high risk, potential hazard, construction hazard, and identify the
hazards.
❖ What important details a work permits gives?
● It is a form, which is sign by the higher responsibility people to carry out a specific job it clearly
states. (Type of permit, permit number, Date, Time, Location, Hazards
● What is to be done? Identification - Precautions)
● Where
●
● When
● What are the safety precaution to be taken?
❖ Types of PTW?
● There are two type of PTW.
● Cold work: Any activity that does not involve source of ignition or naked flame or does not have
spark generating potential is classified a cold work.
Ex- Scaffolding, cable pulling, cable laying, instrument installation, chemical cleaning, painting
operation, etc.
● Hot work:-Any activity which involve the use of naked or source of ignition or spark generating
potential is classified as a hot work.
Ex- Welding, Grinding, gas cutting, Grid blasting.
● Radiography:-Any work that involves the use of a radioactive source shall be covered by radiography
work.
❖ What Documents are attached with PTW?
● Method statement
● TRA (Task Risk assessment)
● Relevant Drawing
❖ Name of PTW parts?
● Issue
● Receipt
● Clearance/ return to service.
● Cancellation
● Extension (if required)
❖ PTW Section?
● Permit Request
● Hazards assessment and precautions
● Gas testing Requirement
● Permit issue
● Revalidation of PTW.
● PTW closing.
❖ Permit Valid :-
● Check the date & Time.
● Revalidation signature.
● Exact location mention at permit.
❖ Responsibility?
❖ AA (Area Authority)
● Ensure that work site inspections are carried out before, during and after the performance of each
task.
❖ IA (Issuing Authority)
● Review the PTW forms certificate and supporting.
● Conduct job site inspection together with the job performer.
● Ensure that the site conditions are safe to conduct the work.
● Ensure there are no interferences either to or from other work groups near the vicinity.
● Ensure that all the safety precautions stated in the permit are implemented
❖ JO (Job Organizer)
● Plan the activities under his supervisor.
● Nominates competent JP, who will be responsible to carry out the task safely.
● Coordinate with area authority & initiates the TRA.
● Ensure the correct type of PTW has been selected task description is complete copies of TRA
drawings are attached as required.
● Regular Visits on site.
❖ JP (Job Performer)
● IN conjunction with JO prepare the TRA as required.
● Initiate the required PTW / Certificate
● Implement safety requirements specified in the permits / certificates prior to the commencement of
the work.
● Conduct TBT/STARRT WITH WORK CREW FULLY UNDER stands the requirement started in the permit.
● Whenever site conditions are drastically changed & create a hazard, step the work and inform the IA.
● Remain at the work location to supervisor the work at all times while the work is in progress.
● Closed and return to the contractors PTW co-coordinator when job a complete.
❖ PTW-Coordinator
● Participate in TRA review session work shop.
● Review/ verification of the permits forms supporting documents submitted by JP.
❖ HSE
● Assess the adequate of safety precaution s mention in permit forms TRA & certificates and provides
specialized safety advice to the AA, IA, & JP for reference.
Conduct Audits.

EXCAVATION:-

⮚ Excavation :-Any man made cavity or depression in the earth surface is called Excavation

⮚ Trench:-A narrow excavation made below the surface of the ground, the depth is greater than the
width, but the width of trench is not greater than 4.5mtr, (15ft).
❖ Types of Excavation:
● Two types: 1- Manual excavation, Mechanical Excavation.
⮚ Manual excavation: - The excavation without using any powered equipment.

⮚ Mechanical excavation:-The excavation work using only electrical or Mechanical equipment.

❖ Types of Soils :
● MUD soil -shoring-shielding
● SAND soil -sloping
● HARD soil – Benching to reduce the fall of high.
⮚ Shoring:-A structure supports the sides of an excavation & protects against cave-in.

⮚ Sloping:-A technique that employees a specific angle of incline on the sides of the excavation, the
angle varies based on assessment of impacting site factors slops and configurations of sloping a
protective system.
⮚ Shielding:-A structure able to with stand a cave-in & protect employees.

❖ HAZARDS:
● Collapsing of Excavation wall / Cave-In.
● Underground Utilities.
● Water accumulation in the excavation
● Present of Toxic gases
● Falling of Tools, Equipment, and Vehicle.
● Improper access & Egress.
● Electrical shock
● Biological hazards
● Confined space –if 1.2 mtr deep, (If excavation deeper than its width & Length) width*
depth=lessthan2.

❖ PRECAUTIONS:
● Underground Utilities scanning, planning, Trial pits, Drawing, cable detector and surface marking of
the underground utilities for underground facilities.
● Excavation sloping and benching or shielding and shoring for excavation all collapse
● Gas testing
● Provide Hard Barricade & signage board
● Alternative access if excavation near to the road.
● Create BUND walls for preventing outside water from coming inside.
● Dewatering for the internal water.
● Confined space precaution if excavation becomes a confined space.

**********************************************************

● All personal involved in excavation job shall have training from authorized department.
● Obtained pre-Excavation permit, Risk assessment, drawing, method statement, checklist,
underground utilities detection reports.
● Excavation notification shall be authorized by the concerned department like: - Utility, Electricity,
Telecommunication and Environment public authority.
● Without work permit excavation notification is not valid.
● All Excavation tools, if it is mechanical excavation like using:-Excavator, Bobcat, Back Hoe and other
portable tools & Equipment should be inspected from the authorized department.
● All equipment get inspected valid period 6 months only.
● Excavation area should be hard barricade and display signage and flash light.
● If excavation depth is more than 1.2mtr then confined space procedure to be follow.
● Excavated soil should be kept at the minimum distance 1 mtr away from the excavation edge.
● All heavy equipment & vehicles should be kept /move at the distance 2mtrfrom the excavation edge.
● All scaffold structure should be kept 3mtr away from excavation edge.
● All workers should be comply with proper PPE.
● Ladder shall be provided every 7.5mtr (25ft) and shall be securely supported at the bottom as well as
at the top. For access purpose.
❖ Excavation Notification and why Required :-

⮚ Excavation notification gives detailed information about the underground facilities and it is to be
signed by all client concerned departments to confirm that the proposed excavation location has
been identified and all safety measures have been taken for the existing underground facilities.
⮚ Excavation notification must be supported by a work permit.

⮚ Excavation notification is valid for 90 days from the date of issued.

HOT WORK

❖ What do you mean by HOT Work?

● Work where mostly naked flame are used ex: propane, Butane etc.
● Or - Where a significant ignition source will be created while welding, cutting operations. This is work
that required PTW.
● Welding:- The process of joining of metals either by electrical or by gas is call welding
● Gas cutting:-The process of joining of cutting metals by using oxygen and combustible gas is called
gas cutting.
● Sand blasting:-The process of removing dust, rust, dirt, using compressed air is called sand blasting.
● Grinding: - Grinder is a portable m/c with a wheel guard in position to reduce the danger.
⮚ What are welding and cutting?
● Welding is a process in which two or more metals are joining together with applications of heat
whereas cutting is the reverse.
❖ HAZARDS:-
● Fire & Explosion
● Toxic fumes
● Electrocution
● Heat & Hot surface
● Noise sparking
● Flying particles
● Falling and Tripping Hazards
❖ PRACAUTIONS:-
● Hot work will start with a valid hot work permit.
● Proper housekeeping and good ventilation in hot work area.
● Hot work area should be dry free from water.
● Combustible & flammable materials should be removed to the distance 10mtr away from the hot
work area and fire blanket to be use cover the welding point.
● Keep fire Extinguisher near the hot work area.
● Trained & certified fire watcher should be present.
● Inspect the equipment before use.
● All equipment’s should have valid inspection sticker or color coded monthly.
● All welding m/c must be ground with static earthing device.
● All welding M/C must be connected with ELCB, OR GFCI.
● All cable should be double insulated and electro holder, plug, socket is in good conditions.
● Use proper PPE (Welding shield, Apron, Legs sleeves, hand sleeves, leather hand gloves.
● Barricade the area and display signage.
● After finish hot work fire watcher should be 30 minutes check that area, housekeeping.

❖ POWER TOOLS HAZARDS:-

● Electrical shock
● Fire & Explosion
● Spark
● Vibration
● Noise
● Flying particles
● Falling & Tripping
❖ PRECAUTIONS:-
● 110 volts power supply with 30m amp ELCB.
● Dead man switch
● Machine Guard
● Area should be free from combustible & flammable materials.
● Disc RPM shall be greater than machine RPM.
● Fire extinguisher
● Fire blanket
● Trained fire watcher Double Eye protection (safety goggles & face shield)
● Leather Hand gloves
● Apron
● Hearing protection (Ear plug, Ear Muff)
● Job rotation for long duration of work.
❖ GAS CUTTING HAZARDS
● High pressure
● Heat and hot surface
● Fire & Explosion
● Flammable & Toxic, corrosive gas.
● Asphyxiation.
❖ VIBRATION TOOLS HAZARDS:-
● Vibrating white finger
● Damage norm system.

WORKING AT HEIGHT

⮚ Working at height is an activities at an Elevated location of more than 1.8mtr (6ft) high from the
working ground level.
❖ HAZARDS

⮚ Vertical Distance

⮚ Roofs

⮚ Deterioration of materials

⮚ Unprotected Edges

⮚ Unstable / Poorly maintained access equipment.

⮚ Weather

⮚ Falling materials

❖ Precautions.

⮚ There are two points- fall protections & fall preventions.

⮚ Fall Protections.

⮚ Person physical fit, Medical fit then training.

⮚ Use Full body harness with double lanyard and 100/ tie off, fall arrester, Net.

⮚ Fall Preventions

⮚ Toe Board

⮚ Mid Rails

⮚ Top Rails

⮚ Working platforms (Scaffolding boards gap is not more than 1 inches).

⮚ Check the tag system

⮚ Check the ladder is properly securely

⮚ Face-90 degree

⮚ Three point contact with rungs to rungs.

Scaffolding
⮚ Scaffolding is a temporary working platform to provide supports both men & materials for working
place. IT is used to support materials. Plant and equipment.
❖ Types of scaffolding
● Independent tie
● Cantilever
● Hanging
● Bracket
● Special
● Systems
● Mobile types; -Tube & coupler manual mobile, Fabricated tube type, Aluminum mob scaffolding.
❖ System;
● Clicklock system
● Cup lock system
● H frame system
● Tube & Coupler system
● Zip up aluminum
❖ Parts:
● Soleplate ;length-500mm 18inches,width-225mm 9inch,Thickness-38mm-50mm-63mm.
● Baseplate:-6*6 inch, 6mm thickness.
● Standards
● Ledgers
● Transoms
● Planks
● Couplers –Putlog. Swivel. Right angle, sleeves, joint pin, Ladder retaining coupler.
● Toe board-150mm,Midrails-470mm,Toprails-910mm.(Platform landing to top rail 38*45)
● Façade bracing - (Ledger & Cross bracing to take all loads of scaffolding)
● Sectional bracing
● Self-closing drop bar
● Outrigger
● Ladder
● Beam Ladder
❖ HAZARDS
● Collapse of scaffolding
● Falling from height
● Falling Objects
● Slipping & Tripping
● Pinch point & Sharp edges
● Opening without Guard rails
● Blocking Emergency access & egress
● Struck by Electrocutions
● Loose soil
● Incompetent Scaffolder
❖ Precautions from fall, Protection from fall
● Guard rails system
● Toe boards
● Mid rails
● Top rail
● Personal fall arrester system.
● Anchorage, Lifeline, Full Body harness & 100/ tie off.

***********************************************************************

● Scaffolding must be erected by competent person who have attend the recognized training program.
● Scaffold Erection & dismantling should be done under the supervisor of competent person.
● The scaffold must rest on a stable surface Uprights should have base plate and timber sole plates if
necessary.
● Adequate Toe board, mid rail, and top rail must be fitted to prevent people & materials falling from
height.
● The scaffold must have safe access and egress.
● The scaffold should be properly Braced and secured to the building or structure.
● Overloading of the scaffold must be avoid.
● All scaffolding couplers should be tightened.
● TAG SYSTEM:-Red, Green, Yellow.
● Regular inspection of the scaffolds must be made records.
● Worker shall be not work on scaffolds during, bad weather condition and poor visibility.
● Ladder should be raised 1mtr 36” to 42” above from the landing platform.
● Ladder should be ratio 4ft * 1ft and angle 75 degree.
● Ensure all personnel wearing proper PPE.
● Ensure the scaffold boards gap not more than 1inches
● Barricade the area and display signage.
❖ Mobile Scaffolding Hazards.
● Scaffold collapse
● Accidental movement of mobile scaffolds
● Workers trying to overreach out of the scaffolding platform.
● Moving mobile scaffold without unlocking the wheels.
● Mobile scaffold toppling.
● Contact with overhead power line.
❖ Mobile scaffold precautions:-
● Check green tag on the scaffold
● Don’t move mobile scaffold while person is standing on it.
● Don’t move mobile scaffold with locked wheels
● Don’t over reach out of the platform
● Unlock the wheels before moving the scaffold
● Don’t position the scaffold near the surface edge or adjacent to overhead power line.
❖ When a scaffold should be inspected?
● A scaffold should be inspected at the following situation.
● Before being taken into use.
● At periodic intervals thereafter as may be prescribed for the different types of scaffold
● Following any alternations to the scaffold
● Following any adverse weather conditions or other events such as a collision or fire any of which
might be likely to affect its strength.
❖ Identify reasons why a scaffold may collapse?
● Incomplete and incorrect erection.
● The condition of the ground on which it was erected.
● The poor condition or incompatibility of its components.
● Uneven load distribution on or overloading of the scaffold.
● Being struck by passing traffic and as a result of severe weather condition

LIFTING:-

❖ Lifting:-A carryout a materials from one place to another place by using mechanical Device.

❖ Lifting plan:- The document describing a plan for a safe lifting, it show the details of crane to be
used, Details of lifting gears to be used, Details of the crane load, Details of crane set-up, and lifting
steps etc.
❖ Radius: - The distance from the center pin of the crane to the center of gravity of the load.

❖ SWL;-Safe working load is the maximum load that can apply to the lifting tools safely.

❖ What is load Chart: - Load chart is used to calculate the safe working load of crane. (Boom length,
Boom angle, Boom Radius.)
❖ Congested area lifting: it is a critical lifting then critical lifting approved plan required for additional
precautions with close supervision.
❖ Types of Crane ;-
● Gantry crane, Post crane, Locomotive crane, Mono tower crane, EOT (Electric Overhead Travelling
Crane, Mobile Crane.
● Mobile crane- Crawler type, and Truck mounted type.
❖ How many types lifting?
● Heavy lifting: Any lift where the payload weight is 50 tons or greater.
● Critical lifting:-The lifting is conducted nearby any electrical live line, over the pressurized live line,
vessels and highly populated area.
● Tandem lift:-Any crane lift involving two or more crane lifting.
● Tailing lift:-The place of load resting on the ground from the horizontal position to vertical position or
vertical
● Position to horizontal position.
● Blind lift :

OR:-

❖ How many types lifting are there?

● Simple lifting:-Less than 20 tons.
● Heavy lifting :-More than 20 tons
● Critical lifting;-Using crane capacity above 80/ of SWL. Tandem lifting, lifting over line facilities and
high populated area.
❖ HAZARDS;-
● Collision with workers, collision with structures.
● Overhead powerline
● Over turning of the crane
● Over loading of the crane
● Mechanical failure
● Damage tools & Tackles
● Crane collapse
● Coupling of crane
● Suspended load
❖ Precautions;-
● Documents: - PTW, STAART, TRA, LIFTING PLAN, CHECK LIST.
● CRANE: - Govt registration certificate (Mulita), Abu Dhabi Govt fitness certificate, Insurance, Third
party load test certificate, ADCO approved certificate.
● Lifting Tools & Tackles: - Third party load test valid certificate, then Monthly color coded.
● Operator; - License, Training certificate, Experience certificate, ADCO Motor vehicle training.
● Rigger; - Third party training certificate, Experience certificate.
⮚ INSPECTION OF Crane & Gears.
● All lifting tools visual & color coded
● Crane:- Anti two block system working .(prevent the boom for backward)
● Load monitor indicator operation
● Level Indicator working ( out rigger leveling status)
● Anemometer working.
● Petrol, Oil, water, electrical, Tire, seatbelt, reverse alarm, back of light, horn, hazard light, Beacon
light, Fire extinguisher, First Aid kit.
● Crane is to be position on level ground.
● Mats, wood pad, steel plate to be used for stability.
● Out rigger fully extended and tyre are off on the ground.
● Crane radius of swing should be proper barricaded and Display signage no one cross under the
suspended load.
● Ensure clear of obstruction and the load is securely to be used two tag line.
● Qualify operator & Rigger to rig the load
● Only one rigger is authorized to signal the operator.
● Don’t lift the load beyond the rated capacity of crane.
● Wind speed not more than 17 knots /32 km per hours and 9 mtr per second.
● Telescopic boom free moment.
❖ What are methods of attaching sling to the load?

⮚ Hitch Basket: - Loading with the sling passed under the load and both ends on the hook or single
master link.
⮚ Hitch Chokers: - Loading with the sling passed through one eye and suspended by the other.

⮚ Hitch vertical: - Loading with the load suspended vertically on a sling or leg of the sling.

⮚ Master link: - A steel link or ring used to support all legs of the chain or wire rope slings.

CONFINED SPACE:-

⮚ Where a man cannot work comfortable in any location is known as a confined space.

⮚ OR- Confined space is an enclosed or partially enclosed area, it is not designed for continue human
work.
⮚ Like: - Vessel, tank, Boilers, furnaces, pipe line, Ducks, sump pit, sewerage drain, Deep excavation.

❖ WHO IS COMPETENT PERSON?

● A person who has qualification and experience about specific job, has a necessary skill to perform
the stated duties is called competent person.
❖ WHO IS CONFINED SPACE ATTENDANT?
● He is one, who is aware the confined space hazards and know how to react, if anything goes wrong
and able to maintained confined space entry exit log sheet.
❖ HAZARDS:-
● Oxygen deficiency & Enrichment
● Flammable & Toxic atmosphere
● Poor access & Egress
● Poor illumination
● Poor ventilation
● Extreme temperature
● Noise
● Slip, Trip and fall hazards
● Engulfment’s hazards
❖ PRECAUTIONS:-
● PTW, STAART, TRA, Emergency rescue plan, checklist, Entry exit log sheet.
● Confined space entry certificate.
● Gas test certificate gas test -Oxygen =19:5% to 22:5%, Normal Inside confined space
oxygen = 20:9% Oxygen = 20.9%

LEL of Hydrocarbon= Less than:-5%.

Carbon monoxide CO= Less than: - 30 ppm

H2S = Less than:-10ppm.

● Confined space Entry training (Physical, mental, medical fit, then training).
● Trained competent approved workers.
● Trained Hole watcher with entry exit log sheet.
● Proper communication to Entrant using (Radio).
● Proper ventilation.
● Proper Illumination (24volts).
● Proper Access and egress.
● Emergency stand by vehicle.
● Emergency rescue equipment. (Stretchers, Full body harness, rope, tripod, crane, man basket.).
● Barricade the area display the signage with emergency contact number.
● Use proper PPE.

0R:-

● Ensure all CS entrants must have valid training from authorized / concerned dept.
● Obtain the CS Entry PTW, STAART, TRA, Emergency rescue plan, checklist, and Entry exit log sheet.
● Gas test shall be conducted by authorized gas tester with appropriate gas detector before entering in
to confined space.
● If the area is contaminated or it has oxygen deficiency must be provided BA Sets or Airline respiratory
system.
● Ensuring the availability of CS attendant with rescue kits.
● Ensuring the CS attendant maintained the log sheet for head counting.
● The Entering people should use body harness with lifeline for the emergency rescue purpose.
● Make sure all the entrants are in proper PPE.
● Make sure the proper communication method RADIO to be used in CS.
● Make sure all electrical lighting or tools should not excess more than 24volts and attached with GFCI
or ELCB, It should kept outside of CS.
● Barricade the area with warning signage board and emergency Contact no display.

ELECRTICAL

❖ Electricity:-Electricity is the flow of energy from one place to other.

❖ ELCB: - It is the protection of living beings under electro charging by first isolation from the live
conductor to avoid permanent disability or death.
❖ GFCI:-GFCI IS GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT INTERRUPTER. It is used to protect from electrical hazards.

❖ Current :-Electrical Movement (Measured in amps)

❖ Circuit:- complete path of the current (Electrical Source)

❖ Resistance:-restriction of electrical flow.

❖ Conductors: - Like metals with resistance to electrical flow.

❖ Grounding: - a conductive connection to the earth which acts as a protective measure.

❖ What is Electrical area classification?

● Class-1 Division-1-HV above 650 volts.
● Class-1-Division-2- MV 250volts to 650volts.
● Unclassified – LV Less than 250volts.
⮚ 1milli amps: - Human body can feel it. (A-Amperes)(1A=1000 Mill amperes)

⮚ 10-25 MA:-Minor shock. (MA-Mill amperes)

⮚ 25-75 MA: - Painful or collapse or death.

⮚ 75-300MA:-Death occur within ¼ second.

❖ Hazards:
● Electrical shock
● Electrical Arc/ flash burn
● Electric flash over.
What are the cause of electrical HAZARDS:
● Exposed electrical parts.
● Overhead power line.
● Over loaded circuit
● Inadequate wiring
● Improper guarding
● Improper grounding
● Defective Equipment.
● Damaged tools & Equipment.
● PRECAUTIONS?
● LOTO & PTW Procedure.
● Awareness of the Employees.
● Proper PPE.(Resistance Gloves)
● Power supply through ELCB 30Ma.
● Proper and good insulation
● Proper Guarding
● Proper Grounding
● Fiber ladder use.
● Equipment terminal box cover.
● Don’t touch wet equipment? Rain covers.
● Fire Extinguisher.
● Proper barricade and display Electrical hazards signage, and emergency contact no.

HYDROGEN SULPHIDE- H2S?

❖ What is H2S?
● H2S is Hydrogen sulfide is a poisonous and corrosive gas that can destroy life even in very low
concentration.
● Hydrogen sulfide in industry by a verity name:-Hydrogen sulfide, sulphurated hydrogen, sour gas,
rotten egg gas, Hydro sulfuric acid, and Sulphur hydrate, stink dump.
❖ Characteristics ;
● H2S is generated or produced by decomposition of organic materials
● H2S is highly dangerous to human health
● H2S IS highly toxic or highly flammable gas (flammable 4.3% to 46% by volume in air.).
● H2S is Heavier than air (1.19%) Having a vapor capacity.
● H2S IS Colorless (Invisible Exposure Flammable).
● H2S is highly soluble in water and other liquid.
● H2S IS Smell like rotten egg at low concentration and high concentration killed human smell.
● When H2S Burn or fire its form Sulphur dioxide (SO2) which is also colorless and highly toxic gas.
● 0.13ppm: Little smell.
● 5ppm; easily detected, Moderate occur.
● 10ppm:-Beginning of eye irritation.
● 100ppm :-( 0.01%)-Coughing, eye irritation, loss of sense, of smell 2-5minitus.
● 200ppm-300ppm (0.02%)-(0.03%) Eye inflammation and respiratory irritation.
● 500ppm-700ppm:-Loss of consciousness, stopping plus, or death.
● 1000ppm-2000ppm; immediately death within second.
❖ HAZARDS
● Eye & Respiratory Irritation, Fatigue, Headache, Dizziness, Nausea, Abdominal pain, loss of
consciousness, Death or Fatal.
⮚ LEL= 4.3%, UEL=46%, TLV=10PPM, IDLH=100PPM,STEL=15PPM-15 Minutes- one hours rest,

⮚ LTEL=10 ppm-8 hrs,

⮚ (METHANE -LEL-5% & UEL=15%, PROPEN-LEL=2.2% &UEL=9.5%, BUTANE-LEL=1.6 &UEL=10%).

⮚ EEB:-Emergency Escape Breathing Apparatus = 15 Minutes.

⮚ SCBA: - Self Contained Breathing Apparatus =30 Minutes.

⮚ AIR LINE BREATHING APPRATUS: - For rescue long period.

❖ Precautions;-
● H2S Training
● Personal H2S Gas monitor
● Emergency Escape Breathing Apparatus
● H2S Alarm.
● Wind Shock
● Emergency Evacuation Rote.
● Emergency Evacuation plan, Equipment and Rescue team.
● Emergency Stand by vehicle.
● Posted H2S Signage in H2S prone area
❖ TLV: - (Threshold limit value) the maximum concentration of any toxic gas to which a person can have
exposure for a period of 8 hours without any adverse health effect.
❖ TWA (Time weighted average )The maximum concentration of any toxic gas to which a person can
have exposure for a period 8 hours per day and 40 hours of work week without any respiratory
protection.
❖ STEL (Short term exposure limit) the maximum concentration of any toxic gas to which a person can
have exposure for a short period of 15 minutes without any adverse health effect and respiratory
protection.
❖ IDLH (Immediate dangerous life and health) it is a condition / atmosphere having concentration of
any toxic gas, which allow a person to escape within 30 minutes without any irreversible health
effect.
❖ LEL (Lower explosive limit) the minimum concentration of a flammable mixture of a gas or vapor in
air, which will burn, when a source of ignition is introduced.
❖ UEL (Upper explosive limit) the maximum concentration of a flammable mixture of a gas or vapor in
air, above which flame propagation will not occur.
❖ Flashpoint:-The maximum temperature at which a flammable mixture of gas or vapor in air, will
momentarily flash, if a source of ignition is introduced.
❖ Auto Ignition:-Auto ignition is the lowest temperature at which a substances will ignite without any
ignition source.
❖ Toxic:-Toxic is small concentration ex: - Ammonia, chlorine, Carbon dioxide.

❖ HYDROCARBON:-A hydrocarbon is an organic compound made of nothing more than carbons and
hydrocarbons, it is possible for double or triple bonds to form between carbon atoms and even for
structures such as rings, to form methane, Ethen, propane, Butane, Pentane, etc.
❖ ASPHYXIATION HAZARDS :-It is an atmospheric hazard, where a person feels difficulty in breathing
due to deficiency of oxygen, it occurs due to displacement of air by any other gas or vapor, the level
of oxygen reduces less than 19:5 %.
❖ PPM:-Part per millions is a measurement unit of Toxic & poisonous gas.

❖ Different between combustible substances & Flammable substances?

● Combustible substances emits more heat than flammable substances.
● Combustible substances have a flash point at or above 37.8c 100 f, below 93.3 c 200 f.
● Combustible substances means all liquids and solids that can burn with a flashpoint above 37.8 c.
● Flammable substances catch fire quicker than combustible substances.
● Flammable substances have a flashpoint below 37.8 c 100 f.
● Flammable means any gas or liquids that can burn with a flashpoint below 37.8 c, 100f.
❖ HAZARDOUS AREA: - BROWEN FIELD AREA, GREENFIELD AREA.
● Hazardous area is the zone in which a flammable atmosphere may be present during normal
operation or under abnormal conditions.
⮚ Brown Field:
● Zone-0-Harmfull and flammable gases are continues present in normal condition. (Flare area).
● Zone-1- Harmful and flammable gases are occasionally present during normal condition, (oil & gas
head well).
● Zone-2- Harmful and flammable gases are present during abnormal condition, (in case of accident or
damage pipe line).
● Green Field:-Unclassified area; - Free form gases.
❖ EMERGENCY PROCEDURE?

⮚ There are three types of Emergency. Medical, H2S, FIRE.

❖ Medical Emergency: - First check the victim responding or not then.

● Immediately call the first aider & call Emergency contact no and give following information.
● Your name, company name.
● Your exact location, (Including at height or ground).
● Type of Emergency.
● Inform what assistance is required.
● Place 1 worker at the access for guiding emergency vehicle.
❖ H2S :-
● Stop the work activities.
● Stop the Equipment if possible.
● Immediate wear the Emergency Escape Breathing apparatus.
● Look at the wind shock for wind direction.
● Go cross wind until the H2S alarm stopping rigging then go up wind to the assemble point.
● Inform Emergency contact no about H2S leak and evacuation.
● Do head count
● If anyone is missing in the head count inform the emergency contact no to send a rescue team.
❖ FIRE:-
● Stop the work activities.
● Turn off the nearby equipment if possible.
● Extinguish the fire with fire extinguisher if possible.
● Evacuate towards the assembly point.
● Inform Emergency contact number about the fire action taken.
● Do head count
● If anyone missing in the headcount inform the emergency contact number to send rescue team.
❖ Electrocution happen to any person:-
● Detach the person from point of contact using HOT Stick.
● (HOT stick made for fiber glass and nonresistance stick
● Don’t touch the person
● Call for help
● Pull or push the person away from live parts with the help of hot sticks or dry wooden pieces or
clothes.
● Call for ambulance.

ROAD SAFETY

⮚ There are three parts: Driver, Vehicle and Road.

❖ Driver :-Physical/mental fit, medical fit, Training, License, Experience certificate,

⮚ ADSD: - ADCO documents for safe driving.

⮚ Four second rules must be followed

❖ VEHICLE:-Valid Govt registration certificate (Mulita).

⮚ ADCO inspection certificate sticker.

⮚ IVMS:-In vehicle monitoring system.

⮚ Desert survival kit.

⮚ Rollover protection.

⮚ Petrol, oil, water, Electrical, Tire, mirror, hand break, seatbelt, fire extinguisher, first -Aid kit, Hazard
light, Beacon light.
❖ ROAD :-Condition of road- Black, Gatch

⮚ Part holes in road ( Damage road)

⮚ Slippery condition road

⮚ Weather condition

❖ IVMS:-IVMS is an electronic device fitted in the vehicle to track the driving behavior vehicle location,
running speed, running status, etc.
❖ Hazardous driving condition:- no license ,vehicle not inspected, poor illumination on road at site,
drugs or alcohols, road condition, no entry, over speeding , etc.
❖ SIMOPS: Simultaneous operation occur when two or more potentially conflicting activities are being
executed in the same location at the same time.

HAZARDS CONTROL MEASURE:

● SIMPOS must be controlled by permit.

● SIMPOS should have separate Risk assessment.
● All the person should be trained & competent.
● Proper coordination between the groups.
● Close supervision of higher authority.
● If it is high risk SIMOPS better to avoid one activities.
● If it is low risk can be done by engineering control, like; separation & distance, isolation & protection.
Brown Field control measures requirement
⮚ Area should be identify as per zone classification: Zone -0, 1, 2 and unclassified area.

⮚ H2S Training

⮚ Induction

⮚ Work method statement

⮚ Risk assessment

⮚ Permit to work

⮚ Authorized gas tester for gas testing

⮚ H2S personal monitor

⮚ Various plant alarm system

⮚ Clean saving

⮚ EEBA; Emergency Escape breathing apparatus.

⮚ Wind shock

⮚ Emergency Evacuation plan, root.

⮚ Emergency rescue team.

⮚ Emergency Vehicle.

⮚ Assembly point

⮚ Emergency contact no.

 MSDS

⮚ MSDS is a document prepared by manufacture to given all information like :- Product name, address,
emergency contact no,
⮚ Section no’s of 16;-
● Identification
● Hazard identification
● Composition /information on ingredients.
● First-aid measures
● Firefighting measures
● Accidental release measures
● Handling and storage
● Exposure controls / personal protection
● Physical & chemical properties
● Stability and Reactivity
● Toxicological information
● Ecological information
● Disposal considerations
● Transport information
● Regulatory information
● Other information
❖ Chemical hazards Identification? NAPA.
● Red :-Flammable (Fire) {flash point
● Blue :- Health Hazards
● Yellow :- Reactivity
● White:-Specific Hazards.
⮚ 4-:-Severe Hazards (Extreme)

⮚ 3:-Serious Hazards

⮚ 2:-Moderate Hazards

⮚ 1Slight Hazards

⮚ 0:-Minimal Hazards

❖ Chemical management at site?

● Identify all chemical in the work place in consulted with the Health & safety representative and
employees.
● Obtain and review MSDS for each chemical and records in the chemical register
● HSIC (Hazardous substances information card) shall be prepared for each chemical.
● Appropriate emergency management procedure are in place (Evacuation plan, Fire warden).
● Appropriate ventilation (Mechanical & Natural) is in the place. (Fume cup board & Exhaust fan).
● Spill kits / containment area are provided. (Drip tray, shelving/cabinet with built in spill retention).
● Provide appropriate PPE at site.
● Provide training & instruction to relevant employees for safe storage and use of chemical.
● First-aid kits should be provided near the chemical storage area.
● Firefighting point (fire extinguisher, 3set buckets with stand near the chemical storage area.
● Emergency EYE wash station (self-contained portable one)
● Sign board shall be posted (NO smoking, chemical storage, others)
● Maintained proper housekeeping around the chemical storage area.
❖ How to control chemical Hazards?

⮚ The chemical hazards control by Elimination, Administrative, and PPE.

❖ What is Waste management?

● The collecting segregation and disposal of various waste materials according to the rules and
regulation of the authorities.
● Unwanted, Unused, worthless materials is called waste materials then waste is divided in to four
type.
● i- Domestic waste.
● ii- Hazardous waste.
● iii- Non-hazardous waste.
● iv- Inert. (which is neither chemically nor biologically reactive and will not decompose) E.g.
Are sand and concrete
❖ How you will do waste management at site?
● Waste generated shall be segregated as per their nature and dedicated waste location shall be
identified with the label for temporary storage.
● Separately handle the waste and disposed separately through approved transporters to approved
dump yard.
● Hazardous and non-hazardous waste collection containers should be clearly identified for proper
leveling and kept in easily accessible location
● All such of disposed waste shall be quantified and recorded shall be maintained in a waste record
register.
● Waste container shall be covered type also have oil spill kit.
● All staffs and workmen shall be made awareness of the waste management through the training.
(Housekeeping, Environmental management).
❖ HSE Officer Responsibility?

⮚ Conduct safety induction & orientation program to the all staff & Workmen’s

⮚ Ensuring all employees using the mandatory PPE at the project site.

⮚ Ensuring safe work practice (prevent unsafe act/unsafe condition)

⮚ Carryout regular site inspection to check polices and procedure are being properly implemented.

⮚ Participate weekly safety walkthrough with management and management safety meeting.
⮚ Investigate and prepare the accident/incident & near miss reports.

⮚ Prepare safety emergency plan, monthly mock drill & review risk assessment.

⮚ Prepare weekly report.

⮚ Prepare monthly statistic.

⮚ Prepare the check list.

⮚ Prepare Toolbox talk

⮚ Arrange safety classes / training.

⮚ Review Risk Assessment & permit system.

❖ Workers Responsibility?
● To maintain good attitude, Behavior & Discipline.
● Follow the company procedure & HSE rules and Regulations.
● Report all accident/incident, near miss or hazardous condition to supervisor.
● Participate daily toolbox meeting.
● Use proper PPE.
● Keep tools is in good condition.
● Keep his work area clean & organized.
● Obey all posted warning signage.
❖ Supervisor Responsibility?
● He has to instruct this workers about the work methods and procedure.
● He has to maintain discipline among the workers.
● He has to supply necessary materials.
● He has to supply suitable PPE to his workers
● He has to guide has workers in doing a job in the correct and Safeway.
● He should know investigate the accident and find out the cause of accident.
● He should conduct periodically safety meeting.

Radiography

❖ What is Radiography?

⮚ It is conducted to check the welding joints for any blow holes defects through X-RAY.

❖ What is the Radioactivity?

⮚ Radio activity is the spontaneous disintegration of atomic nucleus, emits Alpha particles, Beta
particles, or Gama Rays or Electromagnetic rays during this process.
❖ What is Geiger meter?

⮚ Is the instruments used to measure the radiations dose (Radiation survey meter).
❖ What is the used of film badge?

⮚ This badge is worn by the personal who are exposed to radiation due their nature of duty and this is
process to calculate the received radiation dose of a person during the period normally 1 month of
exposure.
❖ What is Decay chart?

⮚ Is the chart showing the change in the radioactivity of an isotope by losing mass by decay in certain
period at regular interval of time.
❖ What is the controlled area?

⮚ Any area where the radiations dose is more than 0.75 MREM/h 7.5 micro serve.

❖ What are the precautions required for Radiation sources?

⮚ Authorized and trained crew,

⮚ Use of radiation monitors including film-badge.

⮚ Barricading around the area, sign boards, flash lights and monitoring the observed area.

⮚ Shielding for example with lead or Perspex.

⮚ Segregation by increasing the distance between the source and the person.

⮚ Reducing the duration of exposure by worker rotation.

⮚ Reducing the strength of the source.

⮚ The use of glove box provided with local exhaust ventilation.

⮚ The use of appropriate PPE such as an apron and

⮚ The Introduction of procedures for monitoring and health surveillance.

FIRE

❖ What is FIRE?

⮚ It is a chemical chain reaction and is a combination of fuel & oxygen and proper preparation of heat
& Radiation.

0R Chemical chain reaction with three elements:-Fuel, Oxygen & Heat.

❖ Classification of fire are five types

⮚ Class A-Fire: Ordinary solid fire; paper, rubber, woods, Plastic etc.
⮚ Class B-fire Flammable Liquid fire: Petrol, diesel, kerosene, etc.

⮚ Class c-fire: Flammable Gas Fire: Acetylene, Naphtha, LPG etc.

⮚ Class D –Fire: Reactive Metal: Potassium, magnesium, aluminum, zinc etc.

⮚ Class E-Fire: Electrical fire.

❖ Method of fire controlled

⮚ Cooling:-The fire to remove the heat (Removal of heat).

⮚ Starvation:-The fire of fuel;-Isolation of a gas supply (Removal of fuel).

⮚ Smothering:-The fire by limiting it’s an oxygen supply (Removal of oxygen).

❖ Heat Transmission?

⮚ Conduction:-Follows the principle that heat can be transmitted through solid objects. Or- Fire
spreads through solids.
⮚ Convection:-The moment of hotter gases up through the air. Or- Fire spreads through Liquids.

⮚ Radiation:-Transfer of heat as invisible infrared waves through the air in a similar way to light the air
or gas is not heated but solids and liquid in conduct direct. OR- Fire spreads through Gases.
⮚ Direct Burning: - Combustible materials in direct contact with a naked flame.

❖ Reason why fire spread?

⮚ Failure of early direction.

⮚ Absence of compartments in building structure.

⮚ Compartment undermined.

⮚ Due to the big combustible materials.

⮚ Poor Housekeeping.

❖ Fire Controlling methods

⮚ Fire extinguisher.

⮚ Fire Blankets

⮚ Fire Buckets

⮚ Fixed Installation

⮚ Sprinklers
❖ Consequences?

⮚ Property damage

⮚ Environment Effect

⮚ Financial

⮚ Human harm

⮚ Economic Effect

⮚ Legal Effect

❖ PASS Method

⮚ P-Pull the pin

⮚ P-Aim at the base of fire

⮚ S-Squeeze the handle

⮚ S-Sweep the side to side.

❖ What is NFPA Diamond?

⮚ NFPA is national fire protection association, NFPA diamond is a pictogram which gives the hazards of
the chemical with colors and numbers.
❖ COLORS NUMBER

Red- Flammability hazards 0- No hazard

Blue-Health hazard 1- Slightly

Yellow- Reactivity Hazard 2- Moderately

White- Specific Hazard 3- Seriously

❖ How many types of accident cause?

⮚ There are two types of cause of accident

⮚ 1-Direct cause:-Unsafe Act and unsafe condition.

⮚ 2 Indirect cause:-Lack of knowledge, improper attitude, physical and mental deficiency.

⮚ Natural Calamite

❖ Unsafe act:-A performance of a task or other activity that is conducted in a manner that may
threaten the health and safety of workers.
⮚ Lack of improper use of PPE

⮚ Failure to lockout/Tag out

⮚ Working without permit

⮚ Working at height without fall protection

⮚ Horseplay

⮚ Using defective equipment

⮚ Operating equipment unsafe speed.

❖ Unsafe Condition:-A condition in the work place that is likely to cause property damage or injury.

⮚ Working inside deep trench without sloping & Shoring.

⮚ Poor housekeeping

⮚ Excessive Noise

⮚ Poor ventilation

⮚ Fire & Explosion hazard, Hazardous atmospheric condition

❖ Who makes an accident report?

⮚ Concerned area supervisor or site safety representative.

❖ Who makes an accident investigation report?

⮚ A team of front line supervisor, HSE manager, sub-contractor representatives if sub-contractor

personal are injured high officials depending upon the severity of accident.
❖ What is the use of accident report?

⮚ To find out the root cause of accident makes recommendation to prevent re-occurrence and evaluate
the effectiveness of emergency response.
❖ What will be your action if someone informs you about accident?

✔ Ask him the location of the accident and the details

✔ After reached the location analysis the situation if someone get hurt during accident must be
evacuated to the nearest medical center after giving first-aid by a qualified first-aider.
✔ Report to near fire station with clear location and details of the accident.

✔ Report to client HSE specialist and concerned project manager.

✔ Investigate the accident and prepared an accident report with attached sketch and supporting
documents and submitted to client HSE DEPT.
✔ If the accident is major like-Explosion/heavy fire /heavy gas leak, then seek help from nearest fire
station /Burgan fire station and follow up the evacuation procedure.
❖ Why should we give first-aid treatment to a causality?

✔ To preserve life

✔ Prevent detorsion.

✔ Promote recovery

❖ How will you do accident Investigation?

● Attend the incident event & barricade the area for to preserve the evidence.
● As per project standard details: who, why, when, how where.
● Who was involved in the accident
● When did the accident occur
● Where did the accident occur
● How did the accident occur
● What actually happened
● We need four thing during accident/incident investigation
● I-Position, ii-people, iii-part, iv-paper.
❖ Action to take following a serious workplace accident?
● Make sure the area is safe to enter to assist any injured person.
● Obtain assistance for the injured person and secure any damage
● Call for external assistance
● Assist with any external investigations-police etc.
● Inform respective persons-management, HR, relatives, owner of assets, etc.
● Gather internal investigation team.
● Obtain facts, statement, photos, records-maintenance, training, risk assessments, permit and safe
system of work.
● Analyze information
● Determine actions required.
● Generate reports with action plans.
● Follow –up.
● Review risk assessments.
● Review management system and related procedures
● Follow-up on action progress.
 1. How to set HSE policy
2. What was the information need to be consider while preparing HSE Policy
3. How to set Objective
4. How to prepare Risk assessment
5. What is the ADNOC Risk assessment method
6. What is the Hazards in Offshore
7. What is H2S and properties
8. Hierarchy of Controls
9. Permit to work system and types
10.How to plan and doing Internal Audit
11.Types of Fire Classification and Fire Extinguishers type & use
12.How to make Emergency management plan
13.Do you conduct any Emergency mock drill
14.How to carrying regular site Inspection
15.What is Near Miss and Incident
16.How to follow up and close Near miss
17.Incident Investigation
18.Root cause analysis and methods
19.What is MSDS and section

1. How to set HSE policy

A policy is a written statement, usually comprises three elements:

 a statement section (often a single page) detailing how safety will be managed and that
demonstrates the organization’s commitment to health and safety
 an organization section that details where responsibilities are allocated and how
employees fit into the overall safety management system
 an arrangements section that contains details of how specific activities and functions are
managed.

This arrangements section could include such matters as risk assessments, fire safety, first aid,
accident reporting, electrical safety, work equipment, hazardous substances, manual handling
and other workplace issues.

2. What was the information need to be consider while preparing HSE Policy

Legal requirements, work nature, management systems, PAER

These are some of the major items to consider.

 The policy should state the arrangements in place to support and implement it. Such items
as safety meetings, safe working procedures, occupational hygiene, and safety training
should be outlined.
 The policy should address the types of hazards associated with the workplace. Depending on
the types of tasks performed and the hazards present, it may be necessary for the employer
to become fairly specific and detailed in outlining hazards at the workplace.
 The policy should discuss active and on-going participation of employees in helping to
achieve the objectives. Employees should also be involved in preparing and implementing
the policy. Without the meaningful participation of employees, a policy will not succeed.
  Policy statements need to be amended from time to time. They must keep pace with the
changes occurring at the workplace.

The following are questions that need to be considered for preparation of a policy:

 What is the goal of the safety program - to have fewer injuries and illnesses than similar
operations? to reduce by 10%?
 When confronted with conflicting priorities or allocation of limited resources, does safety get
more importance? Equal importance? How is this decided?
 Is safety the responsibility of line management or staff management - who is accountable?
 What benefits does management expect to derive from an effective program?
 Who will be assigned responsibility for coordinating activities?

3. How to set Objective

Consistent with the OSH policy and based on the initial or subsequent reviews, measurable OSH
objectives should be established, which are?

 Specific to the organization, and appropriate to and according to its size and
nature of activity;
 Consistent with the relevant and applicable national laws and regulations, and
the technical and business obligations of the organization with regard to OSH;
 Focused towards continually improving workers' OSH protection to achieve the
best OSH performance;
 Realistic and achievable;
 Documented, and communicated to all relevant functions and levels of the
organization; and
 Periodically evaluated and if necessary updated.

 Raise HSE awareness

 Establish HSE Management System

 Reduce environmental impact

 Improve health and safety performance

4. How to prepare Risk assessment

 Identify hazards
 Decide who might be harmed and how
 Evaluate the risk and decide on precautions
 Record your findings and implement them
 Review your assessment and update if necessary

THE RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS

The risk assessment process can be broken down into six broad stages:
1. Identification of hazards and definition of representative scenarios for
study (Section 2).
2. Analysis of the potential consequences of each scenario (Section 3)
3. Calculation of the expected frequency of each scenario (Section 4)
4. Calculation of the probability of potential scenario outcomes (Section 4)
5. Summation of scenarios to produce a measure of risk (Section 4)
6. Interpretation of the calculated risk to draw relevant and practical
conclusions (Section 5)
These stages can be used together, or individual stages can be used
separately to help in making specific decisions.

5. What is the ADNOC Risk assessment method?

Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA)

A structured approach to assessing the potential for incidents and expressing
this potential numerically. In QRA statistical values are derived for potential loss of life and
damage to resources and environment.
QRA uses historical/statistical and failure data along with computer generated consequence
modeling to generate ‘people’ risk data. From QRAs one will get individ ual risk (IR), public risk
and/or societal risk (SR).

Semi -quantitative Risk Assessment

The semi-quantitative approach depends on a select team of experienced personnel
who have access to accident, historical and failure data to make “professional”
probability decisions.

Qualitative Risk Assessment

The qualitative approach also uses a risk potential matrix as a guide in determining
risk potential.

6. What is the Hazards in Offshore

• Transportation- Ship, Chopper, Helicopter

• Lifting operation – Loading/ Unloading materials
• Falling to the water
• Moving machinery
• Fire / Explosion due to the present of Flammable HC atmosphere (Oil & Gas)
• Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
• Liquid /Gas under pressure
• Toxic materials / Chemical handling
• Entering into confined spaces
• Electricity
• Height work.
• Environmental issues- Throwing wastes to the water.

7. What is H2S and properties?

It often results from the bacterial breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen, such as
in swamps and sewers; this process is commonly known as anaerobic digestion.

Hydrogen sulfide is very toxic, poisonous and an invisible gas killer. It is about 18% - 19%
heavier than air; a mixture of H2S and air is explosive. In general, hydrogen sulfide acts as
a reducing agent

Extremely Toxic.
Rotten egg smell.
Colorless Gas.
Heavier Than Air.
Soluble in water and OIL.
Highly Corrosive.
Can Form Explosive Mixtures With Air or Oxygen.
Burns with Blue Flame and produce SO2

8. Hierarchy of Controls - ERICPD

Eliminate, Reduce, Isolate, Control, Personal Protective Equipment, Discipline

Eliminate =why are we cleaning the rollers in the first place, can the supplier improve the
material? Are we using too much pressure on the rollers? Can we coat the rollers with a
non-stick material? Maybe this is the end of the story – the safest control measure is to
eliminate the hazard completely.eg: remove trailing cable

Reduce =OK so we cannot eliminate but can we improve it by doing some of the above
things so that we need to do it less often, can we reduce the number of people who are
allowed to clean the rollers so they can be made experts, can we use a less hazardous
chemical for cleaning the rollers. Reduce risk of injury by eg: using low voltage tools

Isolate=This one is not particularly relevant in this case but let’s say the chemical was
extremely toxic and only applied to one machine maybe we could screen the machine off
maybe in a separate room and isolate it from the rest of the workers and have local
controls. eg: guard on dangerous part of machine.

Control=This is where we consider organizational and technical controls such as safe

systems of work, procedures, training, supervision, local exhaust ventilation, machine
guards, safety devices and tools to carry out the task to keep hands away from the rollers
etc.eg: Limiting time/frequency to noise exposure

Personal Protective Equipment: Such as wearing suitable and well-maintained gloves,

eye protection and respirators.

Discipline: Make sure that all controls are monitored reviewed and enforced.

The hierarchy of control is (type 2)

 Elimination
 Substitution
 Contain risk at source
 Remove employee from risk
 Reduce exposure to risk by safe working systems/practices
 Warning signals
 Personal protective equipment
 Discipline/Supervision

9. Permit to work system and types

A system to coordinate, communicate and control the activities and hazards to prevent
accidents and to maintain a safe work environment at work site
 Hot work permit
 Cold work permit
 Confined space entry permit
 Excavation permit
 Road closure permit
 Radiography permit
 Vehicle entry permit
 Electrical isolation
 Mechanical isolation
 Lock off
 Hot tapping
 Diving

10. How to plan and doing Internal Audit

1-Notification:-
Introduction, Objective, Scope, Standards, Audit Methodology, Reporting, Follow- Up after the
Audit, Principal Parties, Etc
Date and Time: the date, time and duration of the audit should be identified and communicated.
Also the date for submission of the findings report to be defined.
Team formation: Should have a leader, trained and experienced team
Terms Of Reference (TOR): normally consists Team members, Methodology, Date and Time,
Itinerary.
Methodology: Interviewing people, Reviewing documentation and records, Site visits,
Itinerary:
Notification: to be send to SM about the date of audit.
Implementation:
Reporting: After audit sit together a) discuss and agree on findings
b)Discuss and agree recommendations c)Prepare report
Close out: The findings and recommendations should be followed up continuously until
completion of rectification and close out of the report.

11. Types of Fire Classification and Fire Extinguishers type & use

Class A- Fire involving solids- wood, paper or plastics

Class B- Fire involving liquids or liquefiable solids- Petrol, oil, paint, fat or wax
Class C- Fires involving gases- LPG, natural gas or acetylene
Class D- Fires involving metals-Sodium, magnesium, aluminum
Class E- Fires involving electrical apparatus
Class F or K- Fires involving cooking oils and fats.

Type:
1-Water - A
2-Foam – A B
3-DCP - A B C D E
4-CO2 - B E

12. How to make Emergency management plan

The plan is based on the Four Phases of Emergency Management:

 Prevention & Mitigation - efforts to reduce hazards or its impacts (Risk Assessment)
 Preparedness - efforts to prepare for a likely hazard (Preparedness is a continuous cycle of
planning, managing, organizing, training, equipping, exercising, creating, monitoring,
evaluating and improving activities to ensure effective coordination and the enhancement of
capabilities of concerned organizations)
 Response - actions taken to respond to an emergency or disaster (mobilization of the
necessary emergency services, first responders, Fire fighters, police and ambulance crews)
 Recovery - actions taken to restore the community to pre-disaster condition (Involve
rebuilding destroyed property, re-employment, and the repair of other essential infrastructure)

Effective mitigation is achieved through three critical components – analyzing risk, reducing risk,
and insuring for flood risk.
 Analyze Risk: Determining the impact of natural hazards that lead to effective strategies for
reducing risk.
 Reduce Risk: Reducing or eliminating long-term risk from hazards on the existing built
environment and future construction.
 Insure for Flood Risk: Reducing the impact of floods on the Nation by providing affordable
flood insurance (Risk Insurance).

Training of people: Organize and train specific groups of people to perform

Emergency plan
Employees need to know:
• how to sound the alarm
• how to call the fire brigade
• where the escape routes are
• who has specific responsibilities
• the location of fire fighting Equipment
• how to use fire fighting equipment
• how to turn off machinery & plant
• the location of water/gas/electricity inlets
• who should contact the emergency services and what information to give

1. System Specific Information;

2. CWS Roles and Responsibilities;
3. Communication Procedures: Who, What, and When;
4. Personnel Safety;
5. Identification of Alternate Water Sources;
6. Replacement Equipment and Chemical Supplies;
7. Property Protection; and
8. Water Sampling and Monitoring.

14. How to carrying regular site Inspection

Identify the significant areas that should be considered during a planned health and
safety inspection of a workplace.

 Substances or materials used

 Traffic routes
 Means of access and egress
  Work equipment
 Work practices such as manual handling
 Work environment
 Electricity
 Fire precautions
 First-aid facilities
 Welfare facilities
 Workstation ergonomics
 Housekeeping
 Actions points from previous inspections

The key objectives of an inspection are:

Checking actual performance against predetermined standards to determine whether
acceptable health and safety conditions are being achieved
Monitoring and evaluating performance against policy, best practice guidelines and relevant
legal requirements
Identifying hazards and workplace practices that have the potential to cause injury

DEFINITION OF RISK

Probability/likelihood of an occurrence and the severity of its consequences

15. What is Near Miss and Incident?

Near miss is an event which did not result in personal injury, equipment damage or some other
loss, but under slightly different circumstances could have done.

Incident: An event or chain of events which has caused or could have caused fatality, injury,
illness, and/or damage (loss) to assets, the environment, company reputation or third parties.

16. How to follow up and close Near miss

1. Review near miss report, inspect the scene and follow up with the originator as require.
2. Determine required corrective action.
3. Review and approve the recommended corrective action.
4. Implement the corrective action.
(Action plan-Ensure actions are completed as per agreed plan)
5. Make recommendations for recognition and/or award as appropriate and ensure that
information is communicated.

17. Incident Investigation

The main reason for investigating accidents is to find out the root causes in order to prevent a re-
occurrence.

 Six key questions should be answered in the accident investigation and report:
Who, What, When, Where, Why, How

Accident investigation procedure

1. Provide Emergency Response
2. Secure the Area
3. Identify Potential Witnesses
4. Have the Necessary Investigative Tools Available
5. Procure Hard Evidence and Record Data
6. Conduct Interviews
7. Review Data
8. Prepare Incident Report(s)
9. Conduct Causal Factor Analysis and Determine Corrective Action
10. Follow Up

Step 1 - Investigate the incident

 Initial response (Secure the scene)

 Collecting facts
 Physical evidence
 Eyewitness accounts
 Conducting interviews
 Developing the narrative

Step 2 - Identify causes

 Contributing factors
 Determining causes
 Root Causes (Root cause analysis)
 Indirect Causes
 Direct causes

Step 3 - Report the findings

 Analyzing facts
 Report writing

Step 4 - Take corrective action

 Focusing on the purpose

 Corrective actions
 Information obtained during the investigation

Step 5 - Implementation

 Follow up of recommendations
 Assigning responsibility
 Communicating the results

Step 6 - Evaluate the effectiveness

  Monitoring the effectiveness of corrective action
 Follow up of corrective measures

18. Root cause analysis and methods

A structured evaluation method that identifies the root causes for an undesired
outcome and the actions adequate to prevent recurrence. RCA is a method that helps
professionals determines:

 What happened?
 How it happened?
 Why it happened?
The RCA is a four-step process involving the following:
a. Data collection: Without complete information and an understanding of the event, the
causal factors and root causes associated with the event cannot be identified. The
majority of time spent analyzing an event is spent in gathering data.
b. Causal factor charting: Causal factor charting provides a structure for investigators to
organize and analyze the information gathered during the investigation and identify gaps
and deficiencies in knowledge as the investigation progresses.
c. Root cause identification: This step involves the use of a decision diagram called the
Root Cause Map (see Figure 2, p. 50) to identify the underlying reason or reasons for each
causal factor. The map structures the reasoning process of the investigators by helping
them answer questions about why particular causal factors exist or occurred.
d. Recommendation generation and implementation: Following identification of the root
causes for a particular causal factor, achievable recommendations for preventing its
recurrence are then generated.

STEP- Sequential Time Event Plotting-Capturing of the sequential events leading up to an

accident.
FMEA- Failure Mode Effect Analysis - Overview of failure mode and effect for a complex
machinery/operation. Getting an overview of all potential failure causes and effects at an initial
stage of an investigation
FTA- Fault Tree Analysis- Identifies causes for an assumed failure (top event). A logical
structure linking causes and effects.

1. Change Analysis is an analytical technique which applies a systematic approach to

problem solving by examining the effects of change. Change analysis may be performed in
a reactive mode by analyzing unwanted events or problems, or in a proactive mode by
identifying the potential effects of changes before they are implemented.
2. Barrier Analysis the focus is on the barriers or safeguards that should have prevented or
mitigated the unwanted event or problem. Barrier analysis normally is used in a reactive
mode to solve surfaced problems or investigate events. Barrier analysis also can help to
identify missing safeguards, those that might have prevented the problem if they had been
in place.
3. Events and Causal Factors Analysis (ECFA) provides a detailed analysis of the event
sequence and associated causes or conditions. Events and causal factors charting is a very
effective tool for analyzing “why” an event happened.
4. Tree Diagrams are graphical displays of an event which logically describes each of the
event’s contributing factors. Tree diagrams are extremely useful in helping visualize and
analyze more complex systems or problem situations.
5. Management Oversight and Risk Tree Analysis (MORT)
 6. Human performance evaluation systems
7. Cause and effect (fishbone) diagrams

19. What is MSDS and section?

A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is a document that contains information on the potential
hazards (health, fire, reactivity and environmental) and how to work safely with the chemical
product.

1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE/PREPARATION OF THE COMPANY/UNDERTAKING.

2. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS.
3. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION.
4. FIRST AID MEASURES.
5. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES.
6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES.
7. HANDLING AND STORAGE.
8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION.
9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES.
10.STABILITY AND REACTIVITY.
11.TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION.
12.ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION.
13.DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
14.TRANSPORT INFORMATION.

15. REGULATORY INFORMATION.

RIDDOR- The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations

1995

There are five main formulae that can be used when analysing accident/incident information:
Frequency rate

Total number of accidents x 100,000

Total number of person hours worked
This gives the frequency of accidents per 100, 000 hours worked

Incident Rate
Total number of accidents x 1000
Number of persons employed
This gives the accident rate per 1000 employees

Severity rate
Total number of days lost x 1000
Total number of person hours worked
This gives the average number of days lost per 1000 hours worked

Mean duration rate

Total number of days lost
Total number of accidents

This gives the average number of days lost per accident

Duration rate
Number of person hours worked
Total number of accidents

This gives the average number of person hours worked between accidents

What is Oxygen Enrichment?

Oxygen enrichment is a generic name for the hazards associated with gases and liquids
containing oxygen concentrations greater than 21%.

Oxygen Enrichment Precautions and Safeguards

Some of the main safeguards used to manage the risk associated with oxygen enrichment are listed below:
♦ Atmospheric analysis in suspected oxygen enriched atmospheres.
♦ Exclusion of people from oxygen enriched zones
(e.g., vents, disposal areas etc.).
♦ Material selections appropriate to duty.
♦ Secure sources of seal gas.
♦ Separation of combustible materials from oxygen enriched gas or liquid.
♦ The use of personal monitors in potentially oxygen enriched atmospheres (e.g. confined spaces,
adjacent to vents, etc.).
♦ Use of oxygen clean components under all circumstances.
♦ Training