Tree House High School, Virar

Subject: Physical Education

Chapter 4

Text book question answer

I. Tick the correct options

1. The International Paralympics Committee was founded in the year

a. 1960 b. 1948 c. 1900 d. 1989

And. D

2. The reason Paralympic Games got their name was because

a. they were meant for athletes suffering from paraplegia.

b. they run alongside or parallel to the Olympic Games.

c. the athletes are paragons of their sports.

d. they are attended by a large number of paramedics.

Ans. B

3. Paralympic Games was a 1948 sporting competition held at Stoke Mandeville hospital in

a. England b. United States of America

c. Germany d. Greece

And. A

4. The founder of Special Olympics was

a. Eunice Kennedy Shriver b. John F. Kennedy

c. Lyndon B. Johnson d. Donald Trump

Ans. A

5. The first Deaflympics Games were held in the year

a. 1924 b. 1948 c. 1954 d. 1988

And. A

6. Grouping process associated with Paralympics is referred as :

a. Divisioning b. Classification c. Grouping d. Categorization

Ans. B
7. Grouping process associated with Special Olympics is referred as?

a. Divisioning b. Classification c. Grouping d. Categorization

Ans. A

8. Rule used by Special Olympics to achieve the intentions of fairness is referred as :

a. Maximum Effort Rule b. Honest Effort Rule

c. Best Effort Rule d. Minimum Effort Rule

Ans.B

9. Which is the first step used in classification for Paralympics

a. Medical Assessment b. Functional Assessment

c. Observation d. Competition

Ans. A

10. Inclusion is vast concept that implies

a. including learners with differing abilities, appearance and economic conditions in

education

b. including learners with an emotional or intellectual impairment in mainstream education

c. integrating all children with intellectual disabilities into main stream schooling

d. integrating all children with physical disabilities into mainstream schooling

Ans. A

10. Right to education provides free education for all children within the age

group of :

a. 5-10yrs b. 6-14 yrs c. 10-18 yrs d. 2-7 yrs

Ans. B

11. Which of the following will be an inclusive school:

a. Mainstream school with separate classrooms for different abilities

b. Mainstream school with same classrooms for different abilities

c. Separate schools for Mainstream and for children with disability

d. All of the above

Ans. B
12. Development of Gross Motor and Fine Motor skills are benefits which are part of :

a. Physical benefits b. Mental benefits c. Social benefits d. Emotional benefits

Ans. A

13. Graded activities as strategy for effective inclusive physical education program includes:

a. Complex to simple activities b. Simple to complex activities

c. Challenging abilities d. None of the above

Ans. B

14. Which of the following is least preferred strategy for making physical activities
accessible:

a. Appropriate Space b. Age appropriate Equipments

c. Trained coaches and scientific resources d. Exclusive training venue for specific
disability sports

e. Common venue with accessibility for multiple disability sports

Ans. D

II. Answer the following questions.

1. When and where did Paralympics start? What was the purpose of these games?

Ans. The Paralympics started in 1948 at Stoke Mandeville Hospital in England, founded by
Sir Ludwig Guttmann. The purpose was to provide rehabilitation and reintegration for World
War II veterans with spinal cord injuries through sports. The first official Paralympic Games
took place in Rome in 1960, featuring 400 athletes from 23 countries. Today, the Paralympics
aim to showcase athletic excellence, promote inclusivity, and challenge societal perceptions
of disability.

2. What is the vision of the International Paralympic Committee?

Ans. The International Paralympic Committee's (IPC) vision is "to enable Paralympic athletes
to achieve sporting excellence and to inspire and excite the world" with a broader goal of
creating an inclusive world through Para sport.

3. What is the anthem of the Paralympics? What, according to you, is its relevance?
Ans. The Paralympic anthem is "Hymne de l'Avenir" or "Anthem of the Future," composed
by Thierry Darnis and adopted in 1996. Its relevance lies in symbolizing the spirit of
Paralympic athletes, representing hope, inspiration, and the pursuit of excellence despite
adversity.

4. What do you understand by the term hypertonia?

Ans. Hypertonia refers to increased muscle tone, leading to stiffness or rigidity in muscles.
It's one of the eligible impairment types for Paralympic athletes, affecting their movement
and coordination. Athletes with hypertonia may experience challenges in controlling their
muscles, which can impact their performance in various sports.

5. Differentiate between Special Olympics, Deaflympics and Paralympics.

Ans. 1. Special Olympics: Focuses on athletes with intellectual disabilities, emphasizing

inclusivity and personal growth. It welcomes athletes of all skill levels and provides
opportunities for local and international competitions.

2. Deaflympics: Exclusive to deaf athletes, promoting sports competition and

community among deaf individuals worldwide. The Deaflympics have been held since 1924
and are governed by the International Committee of Sports for the Deaf (ICSD).

3. Paralympics: Features elite athletes with physical, visual, and intellectual

disabilities, competing at the highest level. The Paralympics aim to showcase athletic
excellence and challenge societal perceptions of disability.

6. Describe ‘Maximum Effort Rule’ used in Special Olympics?

Ans. The Maximum Effort Rule in Special Olympics requires athletes to give their best effort
during competition. This rule ensures that athletes compete fairly and to the best of their
abilities, promoting sportsmanship and personal excellence.

7. Describe the concept of classification in Paralympics?

Ans. Classification in Paralympics is a system that groups athletes with impairments into
categories based on their functional abilities. This process ensures fair competition among
athletes with similar impairments, allowing them to compete on a level playing field.
Classification involves evaluating an athlete's impairment and its impact on their sports
performance, ensuring that the competition is fair and the outcome is determined by
athletic skill, fitness, power, endurance, tactical ability, and mental focus.

8. Difference between Classification and Divisioning in disability sports?

Ans. Classification (Paralympics): A system that groups athletes with impairments into
categories based on their functional abilities, ensuring fair competition among athletes with
similar impairments. Classification is a complex process that involves evaluating an athlete's
impairment and its impact on their sports performance.

Divisioning (Special Olympics): A process that groups athletes of similar ability together for
competition, based on their age, gender, and ability level. Divisioning ensures that athletes
compete against others with similar skills and abilities, promoting fair and competitive
events .

9. What do you understand by inclusion in education?

Ans. Inclusion in education refers to the practice of creating a learning environment that
values diversity, promotes equity, and supports the participation of all students, regardless
of their abilities, backgrounds, or needs. It aims to provide equal opportunities for all
students to learn, grow, and succeed.

10. How does inclusion in PE help improve communication skills of learners?

Ans. Inclusion in Physical Education (PE) helps improve communication skills of learners by:

- Encouraging teamwork and collaboration

- Fostering social interaction and relationships

- Developing verbal and non-verbal communication skills through sports and games

- Building confidence and self-esteem

11. What do you understand by inclusion in education?

Ans. Inclusion in education is about creating a learning environment that values diversity,
promotes equity, and supports the participation of all students. It aims to provide equal
opportunities for all students to learn, grow, and succeed.

12. What do you understand by inclusion in physical education?

Ans. Inclusion in Physical Education refers to the practice of providing equal opportunities
for all students to participate in physical activities, regardless of their abilities, disabilities, or
needs. It involves adapting teaching methods, activities, and environments to meet the
diverse needs of students.

13. How does inclusion in PE help improve communication skills of learners ?

Ans. Inclusion in PE improves communication skills by promoting teamwork, social

interaction, and verbal and non-verbal communication.

14. List two benefits of inclusive education.

Ans. Two benefits of inclusive education are:

1. Promotes Diversity and Understanding: Inclusive education fosters a culture of
acceptance, empathy, and understanding among students, teachers, and the broader
community.

2. Supports Academic and Social Development: Inclusive education provides equal

opportunities for all students to learn, grow, and succeed, leading to improved academic and
social outcomes.

15. How will you communicate with a classmate suffering from cognitive disability?

Ans. When communicating with a classmate with a cognitive disability, consider the
following strategies:

1. Use clear and simple language: Avoid complex sentences or abstract concepts.

2. Be patient and supportive: Allow them time to process information and respond.

3. Use visual aids: Pictures, diagrams, or charts can help convey information.

4. Break tasks into steps: Provide step-by-step instructions to facilitate understanding.

5. Show empathy and understanding: Treat them with respect and kindness.

6. Use assistive technology: Utilize tools like text-to-speech software or visual schedules if
needed.

7. Focus on abilities: Emphasize their strengths and capabilities.

16. In what ways does participation in sports and games benefit a person with disability?

Ans. Participation in sports and games can benefit a person with a disability in several ways:

1. Physical Benefits: Improves physical fitness, strength, flexibility, and coordination.

2. Psychological Benefits: Enhances self-esteem, confidence, and mood.

3. Social Benefits: Fosters social connections, teamwork, and communication skills.

4. Emotional Benefits: Develops resilience, coping skills, and emotional regulation.

5. Independence: Promotes autonomy and independence.

6. Skill Development: Develops specific skills related to the sport or game.

Overall, sports and games can empower individuals with disabilities, promoting overall well-
being and quality of life.

Question no. 9 and 11 and ,10 and 13 same

III. Answer the following questions in 150-200 words.

1. What was the major challenge facing the organisers of para-sports? How did they deal
with this challenge?

Ans. The major challenge facing para-sports organizers is managing the unique needs and
challenges of athletes with disabilities. These challenges include:

- Budgetary Constraints: Limited funding affects the quality of training, equipment, and
travel opportunities for athletes.

- Decentralized Environments: Athletes often train in different locations, making it difficult

for coaches to develop team chemistry.

- Impairment-Specific Needs: Coaches need to understand and cater to the specific

requirements of each athlete's impairment.

- Uncertainties: Qualification processes, accreditation, and equipment delivery can be

uncertain, adding stress to athletes and coaches.

To deal with these challenges, organizers and coaches use strategies such as:

- Detailed Planning: Creating contingency plans and communicating effectively with athletes
and staff.

- Managing Expectations: Focusing on the process rather than outcome and setting realistic
goals.

- Building Trust: Developing strong relationships between coaches and athletes to

understand individual needs.

2. Write a short note on Special Olympics.

Ans. Special Olympics is a global organization that empowers individuals with intellectual
disabilities through sports training and competition. It provides opportunities for athletes to
develop physical fitness, social skills, and confidence. Special Olympics Bharat is the national
chapter in India, offering various programs and activities for individuals with intellectual
disabilities.

3. List the Programmes run by Special Olympics around the world.

Ans. Special Olympics offers various programs, including:

- Sports: Training and competition in various sports, such as athletics, aquatics, and bocce.

- Health: Health promotion and disease prevention programs, including health screenings
and education.

- Youth, Education & Leadership: Programs focusing on education, leadership development,

and youth empowerment.
- Unified Sports: Sports programs that bring together athletes with and without intellectual
disabilities to promote inclusion and understanding.

4. Explain the objective and need for classification and divisioning in disability sports?

Ans. The objective of classification and divisioning in disability sports is to ensure fair
competition among athletes with similar abilities and impairments. Classification in
Paralympics groups athletes based on their functional abilities, allowing them to compete
against others with similar impairments. This process ensures that the outcome of the
competition is determined by athletic skill, fitness, and endurance, rather than the severity
of the impairment.

Divisioning in Special Olympics groups athletes of similar ability together, based on their age,
gender, and ability level. This process promotes fair and competitive events, allowing
athletes to showcase their skills and abilities.

The need for classification and divisioning arises from the diverse range of impairments and
abilities among athletes with disabilities. By grouping athletes based on their abilities, these
processes ensure that competitions are fair, competitive, and meaningful, promoting athletic
excellence and sportsmanship. Ultimately, classification and divisioning enable athletes with
disabilities to participate in sports that are tailored to their needs, fostering inclusivity and
equal opportunities in sports.

5. How does inclusion in Physical Education benefit CWSN?

Ans. Inclusion in Physical Education (PE) benefits Children With Special Needs (CWSN) in
several ways. It provides opportunities for socialization, builds confidence, and develops
physical skills. Inclusive PE helps CWSN:

- Develop motor skills and physical fitness

- Enhance self-esteem and confidence

- Foster social relationships and friendships

- Participate in activities that promote overall well-being

By adapting teaching methods and activities, PE teachers can ensure that CWSN participate
fully and benefit from physical education.

6. How does inclusive education help integration of CWSN in society?

Ans. Inclusive education plays a vital role in integrating CWSN into society. It:

- Promotes acceptance and understanding of diversity

- Fosters social relationships and friendships

- Develops communication and social skills

- Prepares CWSN for active participation in society

By providing equal opportunities and support, inclusive education empowers CWSN to

contribute to their communities and live fulfilling lives.

7. How can inclusive education be implemented in India?

Ans. To implement inclusive education in India, the following steps can be taken:

- Teacher Training: Provide teachers with training and resources to support inclusive
education

- Infrastructure Development: Ensure accessible infrastructure and facilities

- Curriculum Adaptation: Adapt curricula to meet diverse needs

- Community Awareness: Raise awareness about the importance of inclusive education

- Collaboration: Foster collaboration between government, NGOs, and families to support

inclusive education By working together, India can create an inclusive education system that
supports the diverse needs of all students.

8. How will you motivate a classmate with disability to take part in games and sports?

Ans. To motivate a classmate with a disability to participate in games and sports, consider
the following approaches:

1. Understand their interests: Talk to them about what sports or games they enjoy or have
always wanted to try. This can help tailor activities to their preferences.

2. Adaptive sports options: Research and suggest adaptive sports or modifications that can
accommodate their needs, such as wheelchair basketball, blind cricket, or para-athletics.

3. Inclusive environment: Encourage a supportive and inclusive atmosphere in your class or

school. Promote understanding and acceptance among peers.

4. Personal support: Offer to accompany them to practices or games, providing emotional

support and assistance when needed.

5. Celebrate small wins: Acknowledge and celebrate their participation and achievements,
no matter how small.

6. Involve them in planning: Ask for their input when planning sports events or activities,
ensuring their needs and preferences are considered.

Every individual is unique, so it's crucial to listen to their needs and preferences when
encouraging participation.

Case Study Question

1. In relation to the pictures, answer the following questions.

a. What is the mission of the first organisation?

b. What is the Motto of the first organisation?

c. Until 1965 the games in the second picture were known as ___

d. Second picture games are conducted after every ____years.

The first image is the logo of the Special Olympics, and the second image is the logo of the
Paralympics.

Ans. a. The mission of the Special Olympics is to provide year-round sports training and
athletic competition in a variety of Olympic-type sports for children and adults with
intellectual disabilities, giving them continuing opportunities to develop physical fitness,
demonstrate courage, experience joy and participate in a sharing of gifts, skills and
friendship with their families, other Special Olympics athletes and the community.

b. The motto of the Special Olympics is "Let me win. But if I cannot win, let me be brave in
the attempt."

c. Until 1965, the games in the second picture were known as the Stoke Mandeville Games.

d. Second picture games are conducted after every 4 years.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. Which one of the following organisations helps in promoting disability sports?

(a) Special Olympics. (b) Deaflympics. (c) Paralympics. (d) All of these.

Ans: (d) All of these.

2. Which one of the following sports is not included in Summer Deaflympics?

(a) Badminton. (b) Snowboard. (c) Volleyball. (d) Football.

Ans: (b) Snowboard.

3. Special Olympics was registered in _____.

(a) 2000 (b) 1998 (c) 2010 (d) 2001

Ans: (d) 2001

4. The deaflympics are games for _____ athletes.

(a) deaf. (b) blind. (c) dumb. (d) all of these.

Ans: (a) deaf.

5. ‘Spirit in Motion’ is the motto of ____.

(a) Special Olympic. (b) Deaflympic. (c) Common Wealth Games. (d) Paralympic.

Ans: (d) Paralympic.

6. Where was the Winter Deaflympics held in 1953?

(a) Oslo. (b) Rome. (c) London. (d) Torino.

Ans: (a) Oslo.

7. What does IOC stand for?

(a) International Olympic Committee. (b) Indian Olympic Committee.

(c) International Olympic Country. (d) International Oath Country.

Ans: (a) International Olympic Committee.

8. Which one of the following colours is not included in the paralympics logo?

(a) Red. (b) Yellow. (c) Blue. (d) Green.

Ans: (b) Yellow.

9. What is the mission of Special Olympics?

(a) To provide sports training. (b) To motivate.

(c) To educate. (d) All of these.

Ans: (a) To provide sports training.

10. Where was the Summer Deaflympics held in 2001?

(a) Melbourne. (b) Rome. (c) Seefeld. (d) Amsterdam.

Ans: (b) Rome.

11. Which one of the following is not a disability?

(a) Hearing. (b) Speech. (c) Vision. (d) Running.

Ans: (d) Running.

12. What is the motto of deaflympic?

(a) Equality through sports. (b) Let me win.

(c) Faster, higher, stronger together. (d) A new world.

Ans: (a) Equality through sports.

13. Olympics for physical handicapped categories is ____.

(a) Winter Olympics. (b) Paralympics. (c) Summer Olympics. (d) Deaflympics.

Ans: (b) Paralympics.

14. Which games are the world’s fastest growing sports events?

(a) Winter Olympics. (b) Paralympics. (c) Summer Olympics. (d) Deaflympics.

Ans: (d) Deaflympics.

15. Match List I with List II.

List I List II

1. Paralympics (i) Let me win. But if I cannot win, let me brave in the attempt.

2. Deaflympics (ii) Recognized by Government of India.

3. Special Olympic (iii) Periodic series of international multi-sports events.

4. Oath (iv) Organised by International committee of sports for the

deaf.

(a) (i), (iii), (iv), (ii)

(b) (ii), (iv), (i), (iii)

(c) (iii), (iv), (ii), (i)

(d) (ii), (iv), (iii), (i)

Ans: (c) (iii), (iv), (ii), (i).

STATE WHETHER THE GIVEN STATEMENT IS TRUE OR FALSE

1. The paralympics games do not provide the opportunities for disabled people.

Ans: False.

2. The number of countries participating in the Winter games is small compared to the
summer games.

Ans: True.

3. Now-a-days, deaf children are being educated in general education schools.

Ans: True.
4. Education does not provide information and skill to the students.

Ans: False.

5. Whistles or guns are not used in deaflympic games.

Ans: True.

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. Special Olympics improves physical fitness and _____.

Ans: motor skills.

2. Any kind of impairment or permanent reduction in physical or mental capacity is known as

____.

Ans: Disorder.

3. Physical education is easy and practical form of ____.

Ans: education.

4. The ____ works with schools and communities to develop adaptive sports programmes.

Ans: AAASP.

5. Special Olympics is a National Sports.

Ans: Federation.

ASSERTION AND REASONING

Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as
Reason (R):

Codes: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A ).

(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

1. Assertion (A): The AAASP works with schools and communities to develop adaptive sports
programmes.

Reason (R): This group works hard to advocate for disabled students and provides a model
for how they can be included.

Ans: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Assertion (A): Differently abled students should be treated equally.

Reason (R): They should not be looked sympathetically rather they should be recognised for
their talent and capabilities.

Ans: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

3. Assertion (A): The deaflympians cannot be guided by sounds like of starter’s gun, referee
whistle.

Reason (R): These games have been organised by the Government of India.

Ans: (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

4. Assertion (A): Special Olympics main objective is to focus on holistic development and
training.

Resson (R): The symbol for the paralympics contains four colours.

Ans: (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS

1. Disability is an impairment that affects the everyday activities of the individual to a

considerable amount. I may be present in an individual from birth or occur during one’s
lifetime. Disability has different meanings in different societies of the world. Disability is an
injury that restricts the functions or movements of an individual. it is the consequence of an
impairment caused to an individual. It can be said that it is essentially a medical condition
which does not permit an individual to perform any activity or movement in a normal way.

(A) Which one of the following is the cause of disability?

(a) Infectious diseases. (b) Malnutrition. (c) Accidents. (d) All of the above.

Ans: (a) Infectious diseases.

(B) What does disability mean?

(a) Impairment of cognitive. (b) Problem of illness.

(c) Notable to work. (d) Impairment of brain.

Ans: (a) Impairment of cognitive.

(C) How can physical disabilities be diagonsed?

(a) Through observation of child’s development. (b) Behaviour and physical performance.

(c) Both (a) and (b). (d) None of these.

Ans: (c) Both (a) and (b).

2. Girish Sharma is a badminton champion who had lost his one leg in a train accident when
he was only two years old. Now, he has proved that no matter whatever the circumstances
are, you can still be champion in your life. The determined boy never let his disability to
become an obstacle in achieving his goals. Girish, who also rides bicycle, is the proud winner
of Gold medal in Paralympic Asia Cup for disabled in India.

On the basis of above passage, answer the following questions:

(A) Who was Girish Sharma?

(a) Cricket player. (b) Football player. (c) Badminton Champion. (d) Painter.

Ans: (c) Badminton Champion.

(B) Mention about his disability.

(a) He lost his one leg in a train accident when he was only 2 years old.

(b) Lost his arm while travelling in a train.

(c) He lost his leg in a train accident when he was 20 years old.

(d) None of these.

Ans: (a) He lost his one leg in a train accident when he was only 2 years old.

(C) Which one of the following is the quality of Girish Sharma?

(a) Punctual. (b) Determined. (c) Trustworthy. (d) All of these.

Ans: (b) Determined.

3. The Class teacher of XII A observed newly joined student Sekhar’s behaviour. He is
different from other students. He has difficulty in thinking and understanding concepts
taught at school. The class teacher called his parents and suggested them to take him to a
psychologist.

(A) The person with intellectual disability has IQ between.

(a) 70-75% (b) 80-85% (c) 85-90% (d) 90-95%

Ans: (a) 70-75%

(B) Generally intellectual disability occurs before the age of

(a) 18 (b) 12 (c) 6 (d) 36.3

Ans: (a) 18

(C) Which of the following is not a disability?

(a) Hearing. (b) Speech. (c) Kyphosis. (d) Vision.

Ans: (d) Vision.

PICTURE BASED QUESTIONS

1. Arun, Rani and Sunita visited their newly made friends living in a centre for children
with special needs. On the day before visiting the centre, they held a meeting with
their school Physical Education teacher and learnt many guidelines to deal with their
special friends at the centre. They were very much excited to meet them knowing
how happy their friends would be.

(A) The set of guidelines these children learnt can be termed as _____.

(a) disability rules. (b) disability etiquette.

(c) disability regulations. (d) disability law.

Ans: (b) disability etiquette.

(B) In case of introduction, it is appropriate to ____.

(a) shake hands. (b) bow down.

(c) high five. (d) wave.

Ans: (a) shake hands.

(C) To deal with children with special needs, one should have ____.

(a) courage. (b) fear. (c) patience. (d) doubt.

Ans: (c) patience.

(D) While conversing with such individuals, always use ____.

(a) normal tone. (b) high pitch. (c) whisper. (d) all of these.
Ans: (a) normal tone.

(E) When dealing with person who is blind ____.

(a) introduce yourself first. (b) talk very near to their ear.

(c) ask them questions. (d) talk by touching.

Ans: (a) introduce yourself first.

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Q. 1. Define disability.

Ans: Disability is defined as a condition or function judged to be significantly impaired

relative to the usual standard of an individual or group.

Q. 2. What is the motto of deaflympics?

Ans: Per Ludos Aequalitas i.e., Equality through sport.

Q. 3. Explain the strategy of positive behaviour in brief.

Ans: The strategy of positive behaviour relates to showing a positive attitude and having
healthy interactions with children with special needs. The teachers should prevent negative
behaviours and encourage these children to participate in classroom activities.

Q. 4. Why children with special needs do not enjoy many organized activity programmes?

Ans: (i) Some kids have communication problem so sports are simply not fun for them.

(ii) Some kids have side effects from medication.

(iii) Some are always over tired due to lack of quality sleep.

Q. 5. Name some organization promoting disability sports.

Ans: Special Olympic, paralympic games deaflympics promote disability sports.

Q. 6. Write about deaflympics.

Ans: The deaflympics are an International Olympic Committee (IOC) sanctioned event at
which deaf athletes compete at an elite level.

Q. 7. What are paralympic games?

Ans: Paralympic games are a major international multi-sport events for the athletes with
various disabilities.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q. 1. Explain any three factors that are impacting the future of the deaflympics.

Ans: (i) The direction that the Deaflympics will take as it slides into the 21st century is going
to be affected by many factors ranging from personal ones related to the athlete to more
global ones related to the place of deaf people in society.

(ii) Deaf sports in general are perceived by those who are not deaf.

(iii) This is always noticeable at the Games where deaf athletes from different countries
freely talk to one another in signs and without the assistant of an interpreter.

Q. 2. Discuss about deaflympics in short.

Ans: Earlier, the Deaflympics used to be called World Games for the Deaf. The Deaflympics
are an International Olympic Committee-sanctioned event in which deaf athletes compete at
an elite level. The Deaflympics are held once in four years. The first games, held in Paris
(France) in 1924, were also the first ever international sporting event for athletes with a
disability. Since 1924, these games have been held persistently after every four years.
Deaflympic Winter Games started in 1949. In 1924, in Paris, only 148 athletes from 9
European countries participated in these games. From 1924 to 1965, these games were
officially called the “International Games for the Deaf and sometimes these games were
called the “International Silent Games”. From 1966 to 1999 they were called the “World
Games for the Deaf.

Q. 3. Write any three factors impacting the future of the deaflympics.

Ans: (i) Deaf sports in general are perceived by those who are not deaf.

(ii) This is always noticeable at the games where deaf athletes from different countries freely
talk to one another in signs and without the assistant of an interpreter.

(iii) But schools for deaf children are no longer the mainstay for educating deaf children that
they once were. Deaf children today are increasingly being educated in general education
schools alongwith their non deaf peers.

Q. 4. Explain the nature and causes of physical disability.

Ans: Physical disability is physical in nature since it relates to physical functioning of the body
parts including sense organiser.

The causes of physical disability are as follows:

(i) Illnesses like cancer, heart attack or diabetes cause the majority of long-term disabilities.

(ii) Back pain, injuries and arthritis are also significant causes.

(iii) Lifestyle choices and personal behaviour that lead to obesity are also becoming major
contributing factors.
(iv) The musculoskeletal disorder also causes disabilities. Examples include spine/joint
disorders, fibromyositis etc.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q. 1. What is Special Olympics? Write its aims.

Ans: Special Olympics is a National Sports Federation registered under the Indian Trust Act
1882 in 2001 and is accredited by Special Olympics International to conduct Special
Olympics Programs in India. It is recognized by the Government of India as a National Sports
Federation in the Priority Category, for development of Sports for Persons with Intellectual
Disabilities, and is a designated Nodal Agency for all disabilities on account of its national
presence and experience, especially in rural areas which account for nearly 75 per cent of
the disabled population in India.

Aims of Special Olympics are given below:

(i) Focus on holistic development and training that goes beyond the classrooms into the
playing fields cultural and community centres, to motivate children with disabilities to join
and remain in school.

(ii) Create role models who will inspire the children and also motivate parents into sending
their children to school and to participate in sports and other extra-curricular activities.

(iii) Train teachers to sensitise them to needs of special children, and create a cadre of
physical education teachers from among the disabled who can work with schools and
community centres.

(iv) Ensure maximum involvement of community for greater public understanding and
acceptance of people with intellectual disabilities, most of our activities are run by local
volunteers.

(v) Ensure all Special Olympics activities local, state, national and international reflect the
Olympic movement values, standards, ceremonies and events.

Q. 2. Write strategies to make physical activities accessible for children with special need.

Ans: The various strategies by which physical activities can be made accessible for children
with special needs are as follows:

(i) Inclusive Classrooms: It means development of education laws in such a way that children
with special needs get education within the normal classrooms along with other children so
that they are well accepted in society.

(ii) Assistive Technology: It refers to creating devices, tools or equipments that help children
with special needs to participate in learning activities like bigger balls, balls with bells, balls
attached to strings to bring it back to the students etc.
(iii) Adaptive Physical Education: Depending on student’s disability, a separate, adaptive class
or modifications within a game, changing the rules of the game or sport to some extent can
help the students in a big way.

(iv) Creating Specific Environment: Students with special needs can be provided with specific
play area with special requirements as needed by them. Loud music, glaring lights often
cannot be tolerated by these children, so a lot of natural lighting should be there.

(v) Positive Behaviour: In physical education classes, teachers should show positive
behaviour and healthy interactions and prevent negative behaviours. The method is to
“Prevent, Teach, Reinforce”. This means class material taught through positive interactions,
lesson reinforced by referring back to behavioural expectations and evaluating progress.

(vi) Focus on Creative Games: Instead of competitive games and physical activities, the
strategy is to develop creative games. This helps in team building and cooperation and
prevents unnecessary competition and boosts the confidence of these children.

(vii) Accommodations and Modification: Since the individual needs of the children with
special needs are different, it is essential for the teachers to modify the teaching strategies in
order to accommodate the children with disabilities. Therefore, constant modification and
accommodation is required.

(vill) Professional Courses: Developing more professional courses and teacher certification
programs for teaching physical education to children with special needs is essential to
popularise the adaptive physical education programme.