ORISON ACADEMY

EACHANARI, COIMBATORE

PROJECT
IN

PHYSICS
Academic Year : 2025-2026

WATER LEVEL INDICATOR

NAME: SHAYA P

CLASS:…………………REG.NO. :……………………...

ACADEMIC YEAR :……………………………………...

 ORISON ACADEMY
EACHANARI,COIMBATORE

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this project report entitled
“WATER LEVEL INDICATOR” is a Bonafide record of
the project work done by SHAYA P Of class 12
Reg.No.:…..………… In the academic year 2025 - 2026.
The project has been submitted in partial fulfillment
of AISSCE for practical held at Orison Academy ,
Eachanari on

Date:………………………..

Internal Examiner External Examiner Principal

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I solemnly take the opportunity to thank all

the helping hands who made me to complete
this project. First of all, I thank the Almighty for
keeping me hale and healthy in order to
successfully complete my work.
I wish to express my sincere gratitude to
Ms.Ponmani.R M.Sc.,M.Phil.,M.Ed Principal of Orison
Academy Senior Secondary School, for
permitting me to carry out the project and for
the facilities that she provided for the fulfillment
of this project work. I am greatly indebted to
Mr.AshokPrabu.J M.Sc.,M.Phil.,M.Ed. Teacher in physics
who gave me immense support and guidance
throughout the completion of this project.
Last but not the least, I express my heartiest
thanks to my lovable parents and friends for
their prayers, suggestions and encouragement
for the successful completion of the project.

Sincerely,
 INDEX

●AIM
●INTRODUCTION
●APPARATUS REQUIRED
●NEED FOR WATER
LEVEL INDICATOR
●CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
●THEORY
●WORKING PRINCIPLE
●ADVANTAGES
●APPLICATIONS
●CONCLUSION
●PRECAUTIONS
●PROJECT IMAGES
●BIBLIOGRAPHY
 AIM

In this project we will be building a

water level indicator using Arduino &
water sensor with three levels that
consist of inside a tank with the help
of 3 LED and a buzzer to indicate that
the tank is full.
 INTRODUCTION

Water tank overflow is a common problem

which leads to the wastage of water. Though there
are many solutions to it like ball valves which
automatically stop the water flow once the tank gets
full. But being an electronics enthusiastic wouldn’t
you like an electronic solution for it? So here is a
simple and handy DIY water alarm project tutorial
that will guide you to make a circuit which will detect
the water level and will raise an alarm upon getting
the water tank full or a preset level.
This simple transistor based water level indicator
circuit is very useful to indicate the water levels in a
tank. Whenever tank gets filled, we get alerts on
particular levels. Here we have created 4 levels (low,
medium, high and full), we can create alarms for more
levels. We have added 3 LEDs to indicate initial three
levels (A, B, C), and one Buzzer to indicate FULL level
(D). When tanks gets filled completely we get beep
sound from Buzzer. If you want to improve the project
by adding a display and automatic motor on-off
control then you can simply add a micro controller
like Arduino to sense the water changes and control
the display and motor accordingly, if you want more
details about that project you can checkout the
Arduino based water level indicator and controller
project.
 APPARATUS REQUIRED

●TRANSISTORS

●RESISTORS

●LED’S-LIGHT EMITTING DIODE

●BUZZER

●9V BATTERY

●CONNECTING WIRES

●BREADBOARD

●BATTERY CAP
 NEED FOR WATER LEVEL INDICATOR

● To overcome the problem of overflow of water

● Sustainable use of water and electric energy

● To control pump activation

● Provide real time data

● High accuracy

● Enhanced durability

● Gives us attention and observation

● Easy installation at low cost

● Easy maintenance
 THEORY

RESISTANCE:
The electric resistance of an electrical
conductor is a measure of difficulty to pass an
electric current through the conductor. The
inverse quantity is electrical conductance, the
ease with which an electric current passes.

LIGHT EMITTING DIODE-LED:

A light emitting diode is two lead
semiconductor light source. It is a PN-junction
diode, which emits light when activated. When
suitable voltage is applied to the leads,
electrons are able to recombine with electron
holes within devices, release energy in the form
of photons.

TRANSISTOR:
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to
amplify or switch electronic signals and
electrical power. It is composed of
 WORKING PRINCIPLE

● There is an N PN-type transistor that plays its role as

a switch in the circuit.
● The circuit has 0 voltages in the beginning because
you will keep the transistor turned off, which does not
allow any current to pass through the circuit.
● You also keep the LED off.
● Now, wait for the water level to approach a marking
called A in the tank you are working with.
● Join the positive terminal of the battery to the
transistor. Now when the transistor will receive the
voltage from the battery, it will turn on.
● When you turn on the transistor, it will allow the
current to flow and move toward the emitter from the
collector. It will also turn on the LED.
● The resistors are also working with the transistors in
this experiment. Their role is to increase the current
that passes through the circuit.
● The standard voltage that turns on the transistors is
to be 0.7volts. It is important to regulate this voltage
since it can burn the LEDs due to excessive charge.
● Now, a similar thing happens when you are
experimenting with marking B. The voltage from the
battery goes to another transistor.
● The current flow after it has been turned on, and it
glows the other LED.
● The buzzer present in the circuit will slightly make a
noise, like a beep, to notify that the water has reached
its maximum limit, meaning the tank is now full.
● One thing that you need to remember is to keep the
wire that brings the voltage from the battery to the
transistors bigger in length than the others.
ADVANTAGES

● Easily indicates when water level is full with a

beep sound.
● Low maintenance.
● Compact and elegant design.
● Now no need of checking water level from the
roof.
● Ensures no overflow or empty running pump.
● Fully automatic, which does not require
human power.
● Electricity consumed is very low.
 DISADVANTAGES

Water level controls need to be replaced every 3

years. The rust, foul and deteriorate
Electronics are usually built separately
More difficult installation
Most float switches are
outdated No LED indicator
lights
No Warranty or Guarantee
 APPLICATIONS
● Hotels
● Home apartments
● Commercial complexes
● Factories
● Where cooling towers are used
● Residential and commercial swimming pools
● Anywhere water levels need to be controlled
● In vehicles as a fuel level indicator
● In huge containers as a liquid level indicator
● Single phase motor
● Single phase submersibles
● Three phase motors
● Open wells
● Bore wells
● Sump Pumps
● Used to start and stop water pumps
 CONCLUSION

The water level indicator employs a simple

mechanism to detect and indicate the level of water
in an overhead tank or any other water container.
The sensing is done by
Using a set of four probes which are placed at four
different levels. We can conclude that this system is
very beneficial in rural as well as urban areas. It
helps in the efficient utilization of available water
sources. If used on a large scale, it can provide a
major contribution in the conservation of water for
us and the future generations. In these days, when
the earth’s reserve of consumable water is
decreasing every moment, every drop has its value.
Its simplicity in design and low cost components
make it an ideal piece of technology for the common
man.
 PRECAUTIONS

●Do all the connection carefully

●Do all the connection neat and tight

●Do not connect Led without resistance

●Keep yourself safe from high voltage

 PROJECT IMAGES

CIRCUIT IMAGE:
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

●WWW.YOUTUBE.COM
●Physics
●Youtube.com