CHAPTER 3

DESIGN OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

3.1. Plumbing System for Hospital

The purpose of a hospital water supply system is to provide the consumers

with enough hot and cold water. Both cold and hot water supply system start from the
main supply pipe of source. The objective of supply system is to supply water to each
fixture appliance by means of a network of distribution pipes. Each fixture appliance
must be supply with sufficient quantity of water at the desired pressure. The various
components of the distribution system are pipes of various sizes, storage tanks,
control valves, and pumps. Down-feed water distribution system is used Ngwe Moe
Hospital. The source of water in this hospital is tube a well. The main water reserve is
stored in two underground tanks. The water from the underground tank is pumped to
the four overhead tanks. In this hospital, water distribution is used down-feed. The
size of tanks will depend on the demand of consumers in one day. Centrifugal pumps
will be used to raise the water from the underground tank. Hot water is distributed
simultaneously to all radiators and after cooling is conveyed back into the boiler
through cold-water return pipes. The hot water return line is routed to the cold water
inlet pipe of the water heater and the cold water inlet pipe or the hot water return
connection of the thermostatic mixing valve. Fixture fittings, faucets and diverters are
installed and adjusted so that the flow of hot water from the fittings. The supply lines
and fittings for every plumbing fixture are installed, so as to prevent backflow. Where
the developed length of hot water piping from the source of hot water supply to the
farthest fixture exceeds 100 feet, the hot water supply system is provided with a
method of maintaining the temperature. In designing the pipe work, two factors such
as the demand load and water pressures are considered. Pressure depends on the
amount of head available and how much of this is absorbed by friction in the pipe and
fittings. These two factors are combined by expressing pressure in terms of head
available to overcome the resistance set up by 100 m of straight pipe (loss of head per
100 m). The resistance of fitting in terms of equivalent lengths of straight pipe and the
 29

flow through different pipes at different rates of loss of head are given in Table A.2 A
pressure reducing valve shall be installed if the pressure in the main riser dropped or
water supply line is greater than 5 bar.

3.2. Load Calculation

To design a water supply scheme for Ngwe Moe Hospital, it is necessary to
evaluate the amount of water demanded by the public. The population of Ngwe Moe
Hospital is 600 persons. There are patient rooms, 10 VVIP patient rooms, ICU room,
1 Lab room, 5 operation rooms, Hemodialysis room, CT scan room, and other rooms.
The load of the whole hospital is calculated by using the relation of the type of
premises and the population equivalent, as shown in following. 4 per bed for hospital,
1PE is equivalent to 180 Liter per capital per day.

3.2.1. Load Calculation of the Hospital

For ground floor,
Outpatient area = 528 sq-m
Bed = 13 nos.
For 1st Floor,
Outpatient area = 666 sq-m
Bed = 18 nos.
For 2nd Floor,
Bed = 25 nos.
Total outpatient area = 1194 sq-m
10 sq-m = 1 person (from MNBC)
1194 sq-m = 119.4 persons
Consumption of water = 40 × 119.4 = 4776 gal = 18077.16 L/d
For 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th Floor
Bed = 18 nos.
Nos of person = 18 × 4 = 72 persons
Consumption of water = 72 × 180 = 1296 L/d
For 7th Floor,
Bed = 16 nos.
Nos of person = 16 × 4 = 64 persons
 30

Consumption of water = 64 × 180 = 11520 L/d

For penthouse Floor,
Bed = 6 nos.
Nos of person = 6×4 = 24 persons
Consumption of water = 12 × 180 = 4320 L/d
Operation
Total no. of operation theatre = 5 nos.
Nos of person = 6 persons (assume)
Total nos. of person = 5×6 = 30 persons
Total nos. of delivery = 5 nos.
Nos of person = 6 persons (assume)
Total nos. of person = 5×6 = 30 persons
Total persons = 30 + 30 = 60 persons (operation & delivery)
Consumption of water = 80 × 60 = 4800 L/d
Total Consumption of water = (600 × 180) + 18077.16 + 4800
= 130877.16 L/d ~ 131000 L/d = 131 m3
Ground tank size, L = 9 m, B = 6 m, H = 2.5 m
The storage capacity of the ground tank is considered so that the overhead
tank can be supplied for one-day. For down-feed system, adequate water storage
capacity to meet the 30 percent of one-day supply.
Overhead Tank = 30 % of ground tank
= 0.3 × 131000
= 39300 L/d

3.3. Pump Selection

In this study, the type of centrifugal and air-lift pump is selected by
considering the total amount of water consumption for this hospital for good
efficiency and capacity to deliver water against high discharge heads in 1.5hr
(standard 1hr_4hr). These pumps are used to be raised water from well to ground
tank, ground tank to overhead tank.

3.3.1. Calculation of Pipe Size and Pump (from Underground tank to Overhead tank)
Assume velocity in pumping main = 2.5 m/s
Storage capacity of overhead tank = 39300 L/d
 31

Assuming a filling time of 1.5 hrs (standard 1 hr – 4 hr)

39263.15
Flow rate =
1.5  3600
= 7 L/s
Q = A×V
Q 7 10−3
A = = = 2.8 × 10-3 m2
V 2.5
πd 2
= 2.8 × 10-3
4
D = 60 mm
Check pipe size = 50 mm
Flow Rate = 7 L/s
Q
V =
A
7×10-3
=
π
×(50×10-3 ) 2
4
= 3.6 m/s > 2.5 m/s (not ok)
Check pipe size = 80 mm
Flow Rate = 7 L/s
Q
V =
A
7×10-3
=
π
×(50×10-3 ) 2
4
= 1.39 m/s < 2.5 m/s (ok)
∴ 80 mm diameter main pipe is selected.
Pressure drop for straight pipe length,
C = 150 (PVC)
Straight pipe length = 77.29 m
V 1.852 1 1.167
From Eq. 2.3, Δh = 6.819 L ( ) ( )
C D
1.39 1.852 1
= 6.819 × 77.29 × ( ) ( -3
)1.167
150 80×10
= 1.72 m
 32

Pressure drop for fitting, valves

45° Elbow = 8 nos. = 8 × 0.29 (From Table A.1.)
90° Elbow = 14 nos. = 14 × 0.8
Tee = 2 nos. = 2 × 1.2
Check valve = 1 nos. = 1 × 2.1
Gate valve = 2 nos. = 2 × 0.14
Strainer = 1 nos. = 1 × 6
Foot valve = 1 nos. = 1 × 2.1
Inlet = 1
Outlet = 1
k = (8 × 0.29) + (14 × 0.8) + (2 × 1.2) + (1 × 2.1)
+ (2 × 0.14) + (1 × 6) + (1× 2.1) + 1 + 1
= 28.4

v2
Δh = k
2g
1.392
= 28.4 ×
2 × 9.81
= 2.8 m
Static head,
Δh = 36.51 m
Total head, Δh = (1.72 + 2.8 + 36.51) × 1.1 (safety factor)
= 41.03 m ×1.1
= 45.13 m
ρgQh
From Eq. 2.2, Pump motor =
100 × ηmotor ×ηpump

1000 × 9.81 × 7 × 10-3 × 45.13

=
1000 × 0.8 × 0.8
= 4.84 kW
4.84
= (1 H.P = 0.746 kW)
0.746
= 6.5 hp
∴ Pump size = 6.5 hp
 33

3.3.2. Calculation of Pipe Size and Pump for Well

Raw water tank capacity = 131000 L
Effective raw water tank size =
= 145556 L
= 146 m3 ≈ 150 m3
Tank size (75 m3) = 3.5 m × 7 m × 2.5 m (for 2 nos)
131000
Flow rate =
5 × 3600
= 7.3 L/s
= 3.65 L/s (for each)
Pipe size = 50 mm (Figure B.1)
Loss of head = 0.075 m/m run (Figure B.2)
Velocity = 2 m/s (Figure B.3)
1. Pipe length = 75 m + 36 = 111 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Check valve + Gate valve
= (3×2.3) + (1×11.5) + (1×22)
= 40.4 m
Effective pipe = 111 + 40.4 = 151.4 m
Head consumed = Effective pipe × loss of head
= 151.4 × 0.075 = 11.4 m
Total friction head = 11.4 + 36 = 47.4 m × 20 % = 57 m
ρgQh
Pump size =
100 × ηmotor ×ηpump

1000 × 9.81 × 3.65 × 10-3 × 57

=
1000 × 0.8 × 0.8
= 3.2 kW
= 4.3 hp
2. Pipe length = 53 m + 24 = 77 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Check valve + Gate valve
= (3 × 2.3) + (1 × 11.5)+(1 × 22)
= 40.4 m
Effective pipe = 77 + 40.4 = 117.4 m
Head consumed = Effective pipe × loss of head
= 117.4 × 0.075 = 8.81 m
 34

Total friction head = 8.81 + 24 = 32.81 × 20 % = 39.37 m

ρgQh
Pump size =
100 × ηmotor ×ηpump
1000 × 9.81 × 3.65 × 10-3 × 39.37
=
1000 × 0.8 × 0.8
= 2.2 kW
= 2.95 hp
3. Pipe length = 24.62 m + 24 = 48.62 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Check valve + Gate valve
= (3 × 2.3) + (1 × 11.5) + (1 × 22)
= 40.4 m
Effective pipe = 48.62 + 40.4 = 89.02 m
Head consumed = Effective pipe × loss of head
= 89.02 × 0.075 = 6.7 m
Total friction head = 6.7 + 24 = 30.7 × 20 % = 36.84 m
ρgQh
Pump size =
100 × ηmotor ×ηpump

1000 × 9.81 × 3.65 × 10-3 × 36.84

=
1000 × 0.8 × 0.8
= 2.1 kW
= 2.82 hp

3.4. Design Calculation of Distribution Pipes for Ngwe Moe Hospital

Ngwe Moe Hospital is ten-stored R.C building and water distribution system
is designed as floor by floor system. In order to design the water supply pipes for each
floor, it is required to determine the load (discharge) of each floor. According to the
structural condition of the hospital, it is divided into sections namely section 1,
section 2, etc. for the plumbing system. The demand load for each floor of section is
determined by multiplying loading unit and number of fixture appliance.

3.4.1. Design Calculation Distribution Pipe for Ground Floor

In this calculation, the pipe diameters of distribution pipes are determined
based on respective load of this floor. PVC pipes are used for water supply system of
this hospital.
 35

6
5
4
7
1 2 3
8
9 10
11

Figure 3.1. Distribution Pipes for Ground Floor

3.4.1.1. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 1) for ground floor

In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for ground floor, the
calculated demand load is described in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1. Determination of Demand Load for Ground Floor of Section 1

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 26 1.5 39

W/C 8 2 16

Total amount of demand load 55

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.85 L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run
of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 55
Flow rate = 0.85 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 40 mm (section 1)
Loss of head = 0.017 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 2.8 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (1 × 1.7) + 0 + (1 × 16)
= 17.7 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 2.8 + 17.7
= 20.5 m
 36

Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe

= 0.017 × 20.5
= 0.35 m
Progressive head = 0.35 m
Available head = 29.63 – Valve
= 29.63 – (1 × 0.28)
= 29.35 m > 0.35 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 40 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.1.2. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 2) for ground floor

In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for ground floor, the
calculated demand load is described in Table 3.2.

Table 3.2. Determination of Demand Load for Ground Floor of Section 2

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 12 1.5 18
W/C 9 2 18
Total amount of demand load 36

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.62 L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run
of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 55
Flow rate = 0.62 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 32 mm (section 2)
Loss of head = 0.028 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 6.23 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= 0 + (2 × 2) + 0
= 4m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 6.23 + 4
 37

= 10.23 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.028 × 10.23
= 0.29 m
Progressive head = 0.35 m (from section 1) + 0.29
= 0.64 m
Available head = 29.63 – Valve
= 29.63 – 0
= 29.63 m > 0.64 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 32 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.1.3. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 3) for ground floor

In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for ground floor, the
calculated demand load is described in Table 3.3.

Table 3.3. Determination of Demand Load for Ground Floor of Section 3

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 2 1.5 3
W/C 1 2 2
Total amount of demand load 5

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.31 L/sec from Figure B. 4. The corresponding pipe run
of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 5
Flow rate = 0.31 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 25 mm (section 3)
Loss of head = 0.026 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 7.01 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (2 × 1) + (2 × 1.5) + (2 × 10)
= 25 m
 38

Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe

= 7.01 + 25
= 32.01 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.026 × 32.01
= 0.83 m
Progressive head = 0.64 m (from section 2) + 0.83
= 1.47 m
Available head = 29.02 – Valve
= 29.02 – (2 × 0.12)
= 28.9 m > 1.47 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 25 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.1.4. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 4) for ground floor

In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for ground floor, the
calculated demand load is described in Table 3.4.

Table 3.4. Determination of Demand Load for Ground Floor of Section 4

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 6 1.5 9
W/C 4 2 8
Total amount of demand load 17

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.42 L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run
of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 17
Flow rate = 0.42 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 25 mm (section 4)
Loss of head = 0.041 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 3.31 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= 0 + (1 × 1.5) + 0
 39

= 1.5 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 3.31 + 1.5
= 4.81 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.041 × 4.81
= 0.2 m
Progressive head = 1.47 m (from section 3) + 0.2
= 1.67 m
Available head = 29.63 – Valve
= 29.63 – 0
= 29.63 m > 1.67 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 25 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.1.5. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 5) for ground floor

In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for ground floor, the
calculated demand load is described in Table 3.5.

Table 3.5. Determination of Demand Load for Ground Floor of Section 5

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 3 1.5 4.5

W/C 3 2 6

Total amount of demand load 10.5

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.34 L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run
of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 10.5
Flow rate = 0.34 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 25 mm (section 5)
Loss of head = 0.028 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 10.59 m
 40

From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves

= (1 × 1) + (5 × 1.5) + (1 × 10)
= 18.5 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 10.59 + 18.5
= 29.02 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.028 × 29.02
= 0.81 m
Progressive head = 1.67 m (from section 4) + 0.81
= 2.48 m
Available head = 29.63 – Valve
= 29.63 – (1 × 0.091)
= 29.54 > 2.48 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 25 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.1.6. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 6) for ground floor

In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for ground floor, the
calculated demand load is described in Table 3.6.

Table 3.6. Determination of Demand Load for Ground Floor of Section 6

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 1 1.5 1.5
W/C 1 2 2
Total amount of demand load 3.5

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.3 L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run of
each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 3.5
Flow rate = 0.3 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 25 mm (section 6)
Loss of head = 0.023 m/m run (Figure B.3)
 41

Measured pipe = 1.85 m

From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (2 ×1) + (1×1.5) + 0
= 3.5 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 1.85 + 3.5
= 5.35 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.023 × 5.35
= 0.81 m
Progressive head = 2.48 (from section 5) + 0.12
= 2.6 m
Available head = 29.02 – Valve
= 29.02 – 0
= 29.02 > 2.6 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 25 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.1.7. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 7) for ground floor

In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for ground floor, the
calculated demand load is described in Table 3.7.

Table 3.7. Determination of Demand Load for Ground Floor of Section 7

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 3 1.5 4.5
W/C 0 2 0
Total amount of demand load 4.5

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.32 L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run
of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 4.5
Flow rate = 0.32 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 25 mm (section 7)
 42

Loss of head = 0.026 m/m run (Figure B.3)

Measured pipe = 15.6 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (3 × 1) + (2 × 1.5) + (2 × 10)
= 26 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 15.6 + 26
= 41.6 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.026 × 41.6
= 1.08 m
Progressive head = 2.6 (from section 6) +1.08
= 3.68 m
Available head = 29.02 – Valve
= 29.02 – (2 × 0.19)
= 28.64 m > 3.68 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 25 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.1.8. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 8) for ground floor

In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for ground floor, the
calculated demand load is described in Table 3.8.

Table 3.8. Determination of Demand Load for Ground Floor of Section 8

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 14 1.5 21
W/C 0 2 0
Total amount of demand load 21

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.47 L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run
of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 21
Flow rate = 0.47 L/s
 43

Assume pipe diameter = 32 mm (section 8)

Loss of head = 0.017 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 9.83 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (0) + (1 × 2) + (1 × 13)
= 15 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 9.83 + 15
= 24.83 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.017 × 24.83
= 0.42 m
Progressive head = 3.68 (from section 7) + 0.42
= 4.1 m
Available head = 29.63 – Valve
= 29.63 – (1 × 0.18)
= 29.45 m > 4.1 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 32 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.1.9. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 9) for ground floor

In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for ground floor, the
calculated demand load is described in Table 3.9.

Table 3.9. Determination of Demand Load for Ground Floor of Section 9

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 3 1.5 4.5
W/C 0 2 0
Total amount of demand load 4.5

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.32 L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run
of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 4.5
 44

Flow rate = 0.32 L/s

Assume pipe diameter = 25 mm (section 9)
Loss of head = 0.026 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 27.63 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (1 × 1) + (4 × 1.5) + (2 × 10)
= 27 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 27.63 + 27
= 54.36 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head ×Effective pipe
= 0.026 × 54.36
= 1.41 m
Progressive head = 4.1 (from section 8) + 1.41
= 5.51 m
Available head = 29.63 – Valve
= 29.63 – (2 × 0.19)
= 29.25 m > 5.51 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 25 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.1.10. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 10) for ground floor

In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for ground floor, the
calculated demand load is described in Table 3.10.

Table 3.10. Determination of Demand Load for Ground Floor of Section 10

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load
Basin 6 1.5 9
W/C 0 2 0
Total amount of demand load 9

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.335 L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run
of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 9
 45

Flow rate = 0.335 L/s

Assume pipe diameter = 25 mm (section 10)
Loss of head = 0.028 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 34.5 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (4 × 1) + (5 × 1.5) + (2 × 10)
= 31.5 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 34.5 + 31.5
= 66 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.028 × 66
= 1.85 m
Progressive head = 5.51 (from section 9) + 1.85
= 7.36 m
Available head = 29.02 – Valve
= 29.63 – (2 × 0.23)
= 28.36 m > 7.36 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 25 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.1.11. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 11) for ground floor

In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for ground floor, the
calculated demand load is described in Table 3.11.

Table 3.11. Determination of Demand Load for Ground Floor of Section 11

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 3 1.5 4.5
W/C 0 2 0
Total amount of demand load 4.5

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.32 L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run
of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
 46

Loading unit = 4.5

Flow rate = 0.32 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 25 mm (section 11)
Loss of head = 0.026 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 6.45 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (2 × 1) + (2 × 1.5) + (1 × 10)
= 15 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 6.45 + 15
= 21.45 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.026 × 21.45
= 0.56 m
Progressive head = 7.36 (from section 10) + 0.56
= 7.92 m
Available head = 29.02 – Valve
= 29.63 – (1 × 0.19)
= 28.83 m > 7.92 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 25 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.2. Design Calculation of Distribution Pipe for 1st Floor

In this calculation, the pipe diameters of distribution pipe are determined
based on respective load of this floor. PVC pipes are used for water supply system of
this hospital.

1 3 4
2 5

Figure 3.2. Distribution Pipes for 1st Floor

 47

3.4.2.1. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 1) for 1st floor

In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for 1st floor, the
calculated demand load is described in Table 3.12.

Table 3.12. Determination of Demand Load for 1st Floor of Section 1

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 24 1.5 36
W/C 9 2 18
Total amount of demand load 54

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.82L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run of
each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 54
Flow rate = 0.82 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 40 mm (section 1)
Loss of head = 0.017 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 2.57 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (1 × 1.7) + 0 + (1 × 16)
= 17.7 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 2.57 + 17.7
= 20.27 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.017 × 20.27
= 0.34 m
Progressive head = 0.34 m
Available head = 25.98 – Valve
= 29.63 – (1 × 0.27)
= 25.71 m > 0.34 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 40 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.
 48

3.4.2.2. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 2) for 1st floor

In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for 1st floor, the
calculated demand load is described in Table 3.13.

Table 3.13. Determination of Demand Load for 1st Floor of Section 2

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 12 1.5 18
W/C 6 2 12
Total amount of demand load 30

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.57 L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run
of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 30
Flow rate = 0.57 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 32 mm (section 2)
Loss of head = 0.025 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 22.92 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (2 × 1.4) + (3 × 2) + (2 × 13)
= 34.8 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 22.92 + 34.8
= 57.72 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head ×Effective pipe
= 0.025 × 57.72
= 1.443 m
Progressive head = 0.34 (from section 1) + 1.443
= 1.783 m
Available head = 25.37 – Valve
= 25.37 – (2 × 0.24)
= 24.89 m > 1.783 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 32 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.
 49

3.4.2.3. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 3) for 1st floor

In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for 1𝑠𝑡 floor, the
calculated demand load is described in Table 3.14.

Table 3.14. Determination of Demand Load for 1st Floor of Section 3

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 8 1.5 12
W/C 3 2 6
Total amount of demand load 18

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.42L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run of
each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 18
Flow rate = 0.42 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 25 mm (section 3)
Loss of head = 0.041 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 14.71 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= 0 + (3×1.5) + 0
= 4.5 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 14.71 + 4.5
= 19.21 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.041 ×19.21
= 0.79 m
Progressive head = 1.783 (from section 2) + 0.79
= 2.573 m
Available head = 25.98 – Valve
= 25.98 – 0
= 25.98 > 2.573 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 25 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.
 50

3.4.2.4. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 4) for 1st floor

In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for 1st floor, the
calculated demand load is described in Table 3.15.

Table 3.15. Determination of Demand Load for 1st Floor of Section 4

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 1 1.5 1.5
W/C 1 2 2
Total amount of demand load 3.5

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.315L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run
of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 3.5
Flow rate = 0.315 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 25 mm (section 3)
Loss of head = 0.027 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 7.9 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (2 × 1) + (2 × 1.5) + (1 × 10)
= 15 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 7.9+15
= 22.9 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.027 × 22.9
= 0.62 m
Progressive head = 2.573(from section 3) + 0.62
= 3.193 m
Available head = 25.68 – Valve
= 25.68 – (1 × 0.18)
= 25.5 > 3.193 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 25 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.
 51

3.4.2.5. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 5) for 1st floor

In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for 1st floor, the
calculated demand load is described in Table 3.16.

Table 3.16. Determination of Demand Load for 1st Floor of Section 4

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 3 1.5 4.5
W/C 0 2 0
Total amount of demand load 4.5

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.32 L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run
of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 4.5
Flow rate = 0.32 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 25 mm (section 3)
Loss of head = 0.026 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 23.96 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (3 × 1) + (3 × 1.5) + (1 × 10)
= 17.5 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 23.96 + 17.5
= 41.46 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.026 × 41.46
= 1.1 m
Progressive head = 3.193 (from section 4) + 1.1
= 4.293 m
Available head = 25.37 – Valve
= 25.37 – (1 × 0.19)
= 25.18 m > 4.293 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 25 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.
 52

3.4.3. Design Calculation of Distribution Pipe for 2nd Floor

In this calculation, the pipe diameters of distribution pipe are determined
based on respective load of this floor. PVC pipes are used for water supply system of
this hospital.

1 3 4
2
5
6
8 7
9
Figure 3.3. Distribution Pipes for 2nd floor

3.4.3.1. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 1) for 2nd floor

In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for 2nd floor, the
calculated demand load is described in Table 3.17.

Table 3.17. Determination of Demand Load for 2nd Floor of Section 1

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 10 1.5 15
W/C 7 2 14
SK 4 3 12
Total amount of demand load 41

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.69L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run of
each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 41
Flow rate = 0.69 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 40 mm (section 1)
Loss of head = 0.016 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 5.79 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (1 × 1.7) + 0 + (1 × 16)
= 17.7 m
 53

Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe

= 5.79 + 17.7
= 23.49 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.016 × 23.49
= 0.38 m
Progressive head = 0.38 m
Available head = 21.71 – Valve
= 21.71 – (1 × 0.17)
= 21.54 m > 0.38 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 40 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.3.2. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 2) for 2nd floor

In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for 2nd floor, the
calculated demand load is described in Table 3.18.

Table 3.18. Determination of Demand Load for 2nd Floor of Section 2

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 2 1.5 3
W/C 2 2 4
SK 1 3 3
Total amount of demand load 10

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.34L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run of
each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 10
Flow rate = 0.34 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 25 mm (section 2)
Loss of head = 0.028 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 9.48 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (2 × 1) + (3 × 1.5) + (1 × 10)
= 16.5 m
 54

Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe

= 9.48 + 16.5
= 25.98 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.028 × 25.98
= 0.73 m
Progressive head = 0.38 (from section 1) + 0.73
= 1.11 m
Available head = 21.71 – Valve
= 21.71 – (1 × 0.21)
= 21.5 m > 1.11 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 25 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.3.3. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 3) for 2nd floor

In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for 2nd floor, the
calculated demand load is described in Table 3.19.

Table 3.19. Determination of Demand Load for 2nd Floor of Section 3

3 Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 3 1.5 4.5
W/C 3 2 6
SK 0 3 0
Total amount of demand load 10.5

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.35L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run of
each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 10.5
Flow rate = 0.35 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 25 mm (section 3)
Loss of head = 0.035 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 10.57 m
 55

From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves

= 0 + (2 × 1.5) + 0
= 3m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 10.57 + 3
= 13.57 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.035 × 13.57
= 0.471 m
Progressive head = 1.11(from section 2) + 0.471
= 1.58 m
Available head = 21.71 – Valve
= 21.71 – 0
= 21.71 m > 1.58 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 25 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.3.4. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 4) for 2nd floor

In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for 2nd floor, the
calculated demand load is described in Table 3.20.

Table 3.20. Determination of Demand Load for 2nd Floor of Section 4

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 2 1.5 3
W/C 2 2 4
SK 0 3 0
Total amount of demand load 7

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.33L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run of
each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 7
Flow rate = 0.33 L/s
 56

Assume pipe diameter = 25 mm (section 4)

Loss of head = 0.027 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 11.48 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (5 × 1) + (3 × 1.5) + (1 × 10)
= 19.5 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 11.48 + 19.5
= 30.98 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.027 × 30.98
= 0.84 m
Progressive head = 1.58 (from section 3) + 0.84
= 2.42 m
Available head = 21.1 – Valve
= 21.1 – (1 × 0.2)
= 20.9 m > 2.42 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 25 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.3.5. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 5) for 2nd floor

In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for 2nd floor, the
calculated demand load is described in Table 3.21.

Table 3.21. Determination of Demand Load for 2nd Floor of Section 5

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 4 1.5 6
W/C 2 2 4
SK 1 3 3
Total amount of demand load 13

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.36L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run of
each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
 57

Loading unit = 13
Flow rate = 0.36 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 25 mm (section 5)
Loss of head = 0.034 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 16.6 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= 0 + 0 + (1 × 10)
= 10 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 16.6 + 10
= 26.6 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.034 × 26.6
= 0.91 m
Progressive head = 2.42 (from section 4) + 0.91
= 3.32 m
Available head = 21.71 – Valve
= 21.71 – (1 × 0.25)
= 21.46 m > 3.32 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 25 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.3.6. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 6) for 2nd floor

In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for 2nd floor, the
calculated demand load is described in Table 3.22.

Table 3.22. Determination of Demand Load for 2nd Floor of Section 6

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 3 1.5 4.5

W/C 1 2 2
SK 0 3 0
Total amount of demand load 6.5
 58

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.327L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run
of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 6.5
Flow rate = 0.327 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 25 mm (section 6)
Loss of head = 0.027 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 21.82 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (5 × 1) + (2 × 1.5) + 0
= 8m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 21.82 + 8
= 29.82 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.027 × 29.82
= 0.81 m
Progressive head = 3.32 (from section 4) + 0.81
= 4.13 m
Available head = 21.1 – Valve
= 21.1 – 0
= 21.1 m > 4.13 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 25 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.3.7. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 7) for 2nd floor

In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for 2nd floor, the
calculated demand load is described in Table 3.23.

Table 3.23. Determination of Demand Load for 2nd Floor of Section 7

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load
Basin 2 1.5 3
W/C 0 2 0
SK 3 3 9
Total amount of demand load 12
 59

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.37L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run of
each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 12
Flow rate = 0.37 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 25 mm (section 6)
Loss of head = 0.033 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 6.58 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= 0 + (2 × 1.5) + 0
= 3m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 6.58 + 3
= 9.58 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.033 × 9.58
= 0.32 m
Progressive head = 4.13 (from section 4) + 0.32
= 4.45 m
Available head = 21.71 – Valve
= 21.71 – 0
= 21.71 m > 4.45 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 25 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.3.8. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 8) for 2nd floor

In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for 2nd floor, the
calculated demand load is described in Table 3.24.

Table 3.24. Determination of Demand Load for 2nd Floor of Section 8

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 1 1.5 1.5

W/C 0 2 0
 60

Table 3.24. Determination of Demand Load for 2nd Floor of Section 8 (Continued)

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

SK 1 3 3
SH 1 3 3
Total amount of demand load 7.5

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.33L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run of
each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 7.5
Flow rate = 0.33 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 25 mm (section 8)
Loss of head = 0.026 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 23.2 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (5 × 1) + (1 × 1.5) + 0
= 6.5 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 23.2 + 6.5
= 29.7 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.026 × 29.7
= 0.77 m
Progressive head = 4.45(from section 4) + 0.77
= 5.22 m
Available head = 21.1 – Valve
= 21.1 – 0
= 21.1 m > 5.22 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 25 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.3.9. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 9) for 2nd floor

In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for 2nd floor, the
calculated demand load is described in Table 3.25.
 61

Table 3.25. Determination of Demand Load for 2nd Floor of Section 9

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 0 1.5 0
W/C 0 2 0
SK 2 3 6
SH 0 3 0
Total amount of demand load 6

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.32L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run of
each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 6
Flow rate = 0.32 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 25 mm (section 9)
Loss of head = 0.024 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 26.3 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (3 × 1) + (1 × 1.5) + (1 × 10)
= 14.5 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 26.3 + 14.5
= 41 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.024 × 41
= 0.98 m
Progressive head = 5.22 (from section 4) + 0.98
= 6.2 m
Available head = 21.1 – Valve
= 21.1 – (1×0.19)
= 20.91 m > 6.2 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 25 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.
 62

3.4.4. Design Calculation of Distribution Pipe for 3rd , 4th , 5th ,6th ,7th Floor
In this calculation, the pipe diameters of distribution pipe are determined
based on respective load of this floor. PVC pipes are used for water supply system of
this hospital.
1 2

4 5

Figure 3.4. Distribution Pipes for 3rd ,4th ,5th ,6th ,7th floor

3.4.4.1. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 1) for 3rd ,4th ,5th ,6th ,7th floor
In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for 3rd, 4th,
5th ,6th ,7th floor, the calculated demand load is described in Table 3.26.

Table 3.26. Determination of Demand Load for 3rd ,4th ,5th ,6th ,7th Floor of Section 1

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 19 1.5 28.5
W/C 17 2 34
SH 17 3 51
Total amount of demand load 113.5

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 1.38L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run of
each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 113.5
Flow rate = 1.38 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 40 mm (section 1)
Loss of head = 0.03 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 16.97 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (1 × 1.7) + (4 × 2.5) + (1 × 16)
= 27.7 m
 63

Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe

= 16.97 + 27.7
= 44.67 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.03 × 44.67
= 1.34 m
Progressive head = 1.34 m
Available head = 18.35 – Valve
= 18.35 – (1 × 0.56)
= 17.79 m > 1.34 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 40 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.4.2. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 2) for 3rd ,4th ,5th ,6th ,7th floor
In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for 3rd , 4th , 5th ,6th ,7th
floor, the calculated demand load is described in Table 3.27.

Table 3.27. Determination of Demand Load for 3rd , 4th , 5th , 6th , 7th Floor of Section 2

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 2 1.5 3

W/C 2 2 4

SH 2 3 6

Total amount of demand load 13

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 1.37 L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run
of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 13
Flow rate = 1.37 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 25 mm (section 2)
Loss of head = 0.034 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 10.77 m
 64

From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves

= (4 × 1) + (3 × 1.5) + (1 × 10)
= 18.5 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 10.77 + 18.5
= 29.27 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.034 × 29.27
= 1m
Progressive head = 1.34 m (from section 1) + 1
= 2.34 m
Available head = 20.79 – Valve
= 20.79 – (1 × 0.26)
= 20.53 m > 2.34 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 25 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.4.3. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 3) for 3rd ,4th ,5th ,6th ,7th floor
In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for 3rd , 4th , 5th ,6th ,7th
floor, the calculated demand load is described in Table 3.28.

Table 3.28. Determination of Demand Load for 3rd ,4th ,5th ,6th ,7th Floor of Section 3

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 12 1.5 18
W/C 11 2 22
SH 11 3 33
Total amount of demand load 73

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 1.05L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run of
each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 73
 65

Flow rate = 1.05 L/s

Assume pipe diameter = 40 mm (section 3)
Loss of head = 0.026 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 7.83 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= 0 + (1 × 2.5) + (1 × 16)
= 18.5 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 7.83 + 18.5
= 26.33 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.026 × 26.33
= 0.68 m
Progressive head = 2.34 m (from section 2) + 0.68
= 3.02 m
Available head = 18.35 – Valve
= 20.79 – (1 × 0.37)
= 17.98 m > 3.02 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 40 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.4.4. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 4) for 3rd ,4th ,5th ,6th ,7th floor
In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for 3rd , 4th , 5th ,6th ,7th
floor, the calculated demand load is described in Table 3.29.

Table 3.29. Determination of Demand Load for 3rd ,4th ,5th ,6th ,7th Floor of Section 4

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 6 1.5 9

W/C 6 2 12

SH 6 3 18

Total amount of demand load 39

 66

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.67L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run of
each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 39
Flow rate = 0.67 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 32 mm (section 4)
Loss of head = 0.032 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 29.17 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (7 × 1.4) + (6 × 2) + 0
= 21.8 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 29.17 + 21.8
= 50.97 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head ×Effective pipe
= 0.032 × 50.97
= 1.63 m
Progressive head = 3.02 m (from section 3) + 1.63
= 4.65 m
Available head = 19.57 – Valve
= 19.57 – 0
= 19.57 m > 4.65 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 32 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.4.5. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 5) for 3rd ,4th ,5th ,6th ,7th floor
In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for 3rd , 4th , 5th ,6th ,7th
floor, the calculated demand load is described in Table 3.30.

Table 3.30. Determination of Demand Load for 3rd ,4th ,5th ,6th ,7th Floor of Section 5

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 5 1.5 7.5
W/C 5 2 10
 67

Table 3.30. Determination of Demand Load for 3rd ,4th ,5th ,6th ,7th Floor of Section 5
(Continued)
Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load
SH 5 3 15
Total amount of demand load 32.5

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.57 L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run
of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 32.5
Flow rate = 0.57 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 32 mm (section 5)
Loss of head = 0.025 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 27.62 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (6 × 1.4) + (5 × 2) + 0
= 18.4 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 27.62 + 18.4
= 46.02 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.025 × 46.02
= 1.15 m
Progressive head = 4.65 m (from section 3) +1.15
= 5.8 m
Available head = 19.57 – Valve
= 19.57 – 0
= 19.57 m > 5.8 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 32 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.5. Design Calculation of Distribution Pipe for Penthouse

In this calculation, the pipe diameters of distribution pipe are determined based
on respective load of this floor. PVC pipes are used for water supply system of this
hospital.
 68

1 2

3
4
5

Figure 3.5. Distribution Pipes for Penthouse

3.4.5.1. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 1) for penthouse floor

In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for penthouse floor,
the calculated demand load is described in Table 3.31.

Table 3.31. Determination of Demand Load for Penthouse Floor of Section 1

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 7 1.5 10.5
W/C 9 2 18
SH 5 3 15
Total amount of demand load 43.5

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.71L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run of
each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 43.5
Flow rate = 0.71 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 40 mm (section 1)
Loss of head = 0.014 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 18.65 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (4 × 1.7) + (2 × 2.5) + (1 × 16)
= 27.8 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 18.65 + 27.8
= 46.45 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.014 × 46.45
 69

= 0.65 m
Progressive head = 0.65 m
Available head = 4.94 – Valve
= 18.35 – (1 × 0.26)
= 4.68 m > 0.65 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 40 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.5.2. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 2) for penthouse floor

In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for penthouse floor,
the calculated demand load is described in Table 3.32.

Table 3.32. Determination of Demand Load for Penthouse Floor of Section 2

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 1 1.5 1.5
W/C 1 2 2
SH 1 3 3
Total amount of demand load 6.5

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.31L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run of
each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 6.5
Flow rate = 0.31 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 25 mm (section 2)
Loss of head = 0.027 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 8.97 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (3 × 1) + (2 × 1.5) + (1 × 10)
= 16 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 8.97 + 16
= 24.97 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
 70

= 0.027 × 24.97
= 0.67 m
Progressive head = 0.65 m (from section 1) + 0.67
= 1.32 m
Available head = 4.18 – Valve
= 4.18 – (1 × 0.17)
= 4.01 m > 1.32 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 25 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.5.3. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 3) for penthouse floor

In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for penthouse floor,
the calculated demand load is described in Table 3.33.

Table 3.33. Determination of Demand Load for Penthouse Floor of Section 3

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 4 1.5 6

W/C 6 2 12

SH 2 3 6

Total amount of demand load 24

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.49L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run of
each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 24
Flow rate = 0.49 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 32 mm (section 3)
Loss of head = 0.017 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 10.72 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= 0 + (1 × 2) + 0
= 2m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
 71

= 10.72 + 2
= 12.72 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.017 × 12.72
= 0.22 m
Progressive head = 1.32 m (from section 2) + 0.22
= 1.54 m
Available head = 4.94 – Valve
= 4.18 – 0
= 4.94 m > 1.54 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 32 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.5.4. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 4) for penthouse floor

In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for penthouse floor,
the calculated demand load is described in Table 3.34.

Table 3.34. Determination of Demand Load for Penthouse Floor of Section 4

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 2 1.5 3

W/C 4 2 8

SH 0 3 0

Total amount of demand load 11

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.35 L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run
of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 11
Flow rate = 0.35 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 25 mm (section 4)
Loss of head = 0.03 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 10.21 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
 72

= (1 × 1) + (2 × 1.5) + (1 × 10)
= 14 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 10.21 + 14
= 24.21 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.03 × 24.21
= 0.72 m
Progressive head = 1.54 m (from section 3) + 0.72
= 2.26 m
Available head = 4.64 – Valve
= 4.18 – (1 × 0.24)
= 4.4 m > 2.26 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 25 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.5.5. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 5) for penthouse floor

In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for penthouse floor,
the calculated demand load is described in Table 3.35.

Table 3.35. Determination of Demand Load for Penthouse Floor of Section 5

Fixture Number Loading Units Demand Load

Basin 2 1.5 3

W/C 2 2 4

SH 2 3 6

Total amount of demand load 13

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.37L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run of
each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Loading unit = 13
Flow rate = 0.37 L/s
 73

Assume pipe diameter = 25 mm (section 5)

Loss of head = 0.032 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 15.63 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (2 × 1) + (4 × 1.5) + (1 × 10)
= 18 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 15.63 + 18
= 33.63 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.032 × 33.63
= 1.08 m
Progressive head = 2.26 m (from section 4) +1.08
= 3.34 m
Available head = 4.18 – Valve
= 4.18 – (1 × 0.24)

= 3.94 m > 3.34 m (Progressive head)

∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 25 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.6. Design Calculation of Distribution Pipe for Basement

In this calculation, the pipe diameters of distribution pipe are determined
based on respective load of this floor. PVC pipes are used for water supply system of
this hospital.
3 4

1 5

Figure 3.6. Distribution Pipes for Basement Floor

 74

3.4.6.1. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 1) for basement floor

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.2 L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run of
each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Flow rate tap = 0.2 L/s
Flow rate = 0.2 × 9 = 1.8 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 40 mm (section 1)
Loss of head = 0.062 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 2.23 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= 0 + 0 + (1 × 16)
= 16 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 2.23 + 16
= 18.23 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.062 × 18.23
= 1.13 m
Progressive head = 1.13 m
Available head = 33.9 – Valve
= 33.9 – (1 × 0.92)
= 32.98 m > 1.13 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 40 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.6.2. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 2) for basement floor

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.2 L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run of
each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Flow rate tap = 0.2 L/s
Flow rate = 0.2 × 3 = 0.6 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 32 mm (section 2)
Loss of head = 0.026 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 30.34 m
 75

From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves

= (2 × 1.4) + (2 × 2) + (1 × 13)
= 19.8 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 30.34 + 19.8
= 50.14 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.026 × 50.14
= 1.3 m
Progressive head = 1.13 m (from section 1) + 1.3
= 2.43 m
Available head = 33.9 – Valve
= 33.9 – (1 × 0.25)
= 33.65 m > 2.43 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 32 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.6.3. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 3) for basement floor

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.2 L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run of
each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Flow rate tap = 0.2 L/s
Flow rate = 0.2 × 1 = 0.2 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 20 mm (section 3)
Loss of head = 0.031 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 20.76 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (1 × 0.8) + 0 + (1 × 7)
= 7.8 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 20.76 + 7.8
= 28.56 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
 76

= 0.031 × 28.56
= 0.89 m
Progressive head = 2.43 m (from section 2) + 0.89
= 3.32 m
Available head = 33.9 – Valve
= 33.9 – (1 × 0.25)
= 33.65 m > 3.32 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 20 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.6.4. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 4) for basement floor

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.2L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run of
each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Flow rate tap = 0.2 L/s
Flow rate = 0.2 × 1 = 0.2 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 20 mm (section 4)
Loss of head = 0.031 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 6.23 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (1 × 0.8) + 0 + 0
= 0.8 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 6.23 + 0.8
= 7.03 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head ×Effective pipe
= 0.031 × 7.03
= 0.22 m
Progressive head = 3.32 m (from section 1) + 0.22
= 3.54 m
Available head = 33.9 – Valve
= 33.9 – 0
= 33.9 m > 3.54 m (Progressive head)
 77

∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 20 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.4.6.5. Calculation of distribution pipe (section 5) for basement floor

Using the loading unit chart of Table A.3, the flow rate for the calculated
demand load is obtained as 0.2L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run of
each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Flow rate tap = 0.2 L/s
Flow rate = 0.2 × 4 = 0.8 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 32 mm (section 5)
Loss of head = 0.042 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 37.09 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (2×1.4) + (3×2) + 0
= 8.8 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 37.09 + 8.8
= 45.89 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.042 × 45.89
= 1.93 m
Progressive head = 3.54 m (from section 1) + 1.93
= 5.47 m
Available head = 33.9 – Valve
= 33.9 – 0
= 33.9 m > 5.47 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 32 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.
Table 3.36. Calculation of Distribution Pipe Sizes for Ground Floor

Pipe Loss
Pipe Loading Flow Flow Measured Equivalent Effective Head Progressive Available Final
size of
reference Unit rate velocity pipe pipe pipe consumed head head pipe
(mm) head

1 55 0.85 40 0.017 0.73 2.8 17.7 20.5 0.35 0.35 29.35 40

2 36 0.62 32 0.028 0.78 6.23 4 10.23 0.29 0.64 29.63 32

3 5 0.31 25 0.026 0.68 7.01 25 32.01 0.83 1.47 28.9 25

4 17 0.42 25 0.041 0.81 3.31 1.5 4.81 0.2 1.67 29.63 25

78
5 10.5 0.34 25 0.028 0.73 10.59 18.5 29.09 0.81 2.48 29.54 25

6 3.5 0.3 25 0.023 0.6 1.85 3.5 5.35 0.12 2.6 29.02 25

7 4.5 0.32 25 0.026 0.72 15.6 26 41.6 1.08 3.68 28.94 25

8 21 0.47 32 0.017 0.6 9.83 15 24.83 0.42 4.1 29.45 32

9 4.5 0.32 25 0.026 0.72 27.36 27 54.36 1.41 5.51 29.25 25

10 9 0.335 25 0.028 0.73 34.5 31.5 66 1.85 7.36 28.56 25

11 4.5 0.32 25 0.026 0.72 6.45 15 21.45 0.56 7.92 28.83 25

Table 3.37. Calculation of Distribution Pipe Sizes for 1st Floor

Pipe Loss
Pipe Loading Flow Flow Measured Equivalent Effective Head Progressive Available Final
size of
reference Unit rate velocity pipe pipe pipe consumed head head pipe
(mm) head

1 54 0.82 40 0.017 0.72 2.57 17.7 20.27 0.34 0.34 25.71 40

2 30 0.57 32 0.025 0.75 22.92 34.8 57.72 1.443 1.783 24.89 32
3 18 0.42 25 0.041 0.8 14.71 4.5 19.21 0.79 2.573 25.98 25
4 3.5 0.315 25 0.027 0.68 7.9 15 22.9 0.62 3.193 25.5 25
5 4.5 0.32 25 0.026 0.72 23.96 17.5 41.46 1.1 4.293 25.18 25

79
Table 3.38. Calculation of Distribution Pipe Sizes for 2nd Floor

Pipe Loss
Pipe Loading Flow Flow Measured Equivalent Effective Head Progressive Available Final
size of
reference Unit rate velocity pipe pipe pipe consumed head head pipe
(mm) head

1 41 0.69 40 0.016 0.59 5.79 17.7 23.49 0.38 0.38 21.54 40

2 10 0.34 25 0.028 0.74 9.48 16.5 25.98 0.73 1.11 21.5 25
3 10.5 0.35 25 0.035 0.75 10.57 3 13.57 0.47 1.58 21.71 25
4 7 0.33 25 0.027 0.72 11.48 19.5 30.57 0.84 2.42 20.9 25
Table 3.38. Calculation of Distribution Pipe Sizes for 2nd Floor (Continued)
Pipe Loss
Pipe Loading Flow Flow Measured Equivalent Effective Head Progressive Available Final
size of
reference Unit rate velocity pipe pipe pipe consumed head head pipe
(mm) head

5 11 0.36 25 0.034 0.76 16.6 10 26.6 0.91 3.32 21.46 25

6 6.5 0.327 25 0.027 0.71 21.82 8 29.82 0.81 4.13 21.1 25
7 12 0.37 25 0.033 0.77 6.58 3 9.58 0.32 4.45 21.71 25
8 10.5 0.33 25 0.026 0.8 23.2 6.5 29.7 0.77 5.22 21.1 25
9 6.5 0.32 25 0.024 0.69 26.3 14.5 41 0.98 6.2 20.91 25

80
Table 3.39. Calculation of Distribution Pipe Sizes for 3rd ,4th ,5th ,6th ,7th Floor
Pipe Loss
Pipe Loading Flow Flow Measured Equivalent Effective Head Progressive Available Final
size of
reference Unit rate velocity pipe pipe pipe consumed head head pipe
(mm) head

1 113.5 1.38 40 0.03 1 16.97 27.7 44.67 1.34 1.34 17.79 40

2 13 0.37 25 0.034 0.8 10.77 18.5 29.27 1 2.34 20.53 25
3 73 1.05 40 0.026 0.85 7.83 18.5 26.33 0.68 3.02 17.98 40
4 39 0.67 32 0.032 0.8 29.17 21.8 50.97 1.63 4.65 19.57 32
5 32.5 0.57 32 0.025 0.76 27.62 18.4 46.02 1.15 5.8 19.57 32
Table 3.40. Calculation of Distribution Pipe Sizes for Penthouse Floor

Pipe Loss
Pipe Loading Flow Flow Measured Equivalent Effective Head Progressive Available Final
size of
reference Unit rate velocity pipe pipe pipe consumed head head pipe
(mm) head

1 43.5 0.71 40 0.014 0.62 18.65 27.8 46.45 0.65 0.65 4.68 40
2 6.5 0.31 25 0.027 0.65 8.97 16 24.97 0.67 1.32 4.01 25
3 24 0.49 32 0.017 0.6 10.72 2 10.72 0.22 1.54 4.94 32
4 11 0.35 25 0.03 0.74 10.21 14 24.21 0.72 2.26 4.4 25
5 13 0.37 25 0.032 0.75 15.63 18 33.63 1.08 3.34 3.94 25

81
Table 3.41. Calculation of Distribution Pipe Sizes for Basement Floor
Pipe Loss
Pipe Loading Flow Flow Measured Equivalent Effective Head Progressive Available Final
size of
reference Unit rate velocity pipe pipe pipe consumed head head pipe
(mm) head

1 - 1.8 40 0.062 1.6 2.23 16 18.23 1.13 1.13 32.98 40

2 - 0.6 32 0.026 0.76 30.34 19.8 50.14 1.3 2.43 33.65 32

3 - 0.2 20 0.031 0.61 20.76 7.8 28.56 0.89 3.32 33.65 20

4 - 0.2 20 0.031 0.61 6.23 0.8 7.03 0.22 3.54 33.9 20

5 - 0.8 32 0.042 1.1 37.09 8.8 45.89 1.93 5.47 33.9 32

 82

3.5. Design Calculation of Main Pipes for Water Distribution Pipe for Ngwe
Moe Hospital (Without pump section)
Ngwe Moe Hospital is ten-stored R.C building and main pipe of water
distribution system (without pump section) is designed from fourth floor to basement.
In order to design the water supply pipes for each floor, it is required to determine the
load (discharge) of each floor. According to the structural condition of the hospital, it
is divided into sections namely section 1, section 2, etc., for main pipe of distribution
pipe. The demand load for each section is determined by multiplying loading unit and
number of fixture appliance from loading unit chart Figure B.4 and the required
loading units are taken from Table A.3 according to fixture appliance.

1
2
1
3
4

3
4

5
6

7
8

9
10

11

Figure 3.7. Main Pipes of Water Distribution Pipes

3.5.1. Calculation of Main Pipe for Water Distribution Pipe (Without Pump Section)
(Section 1)
In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for section 1 (main
pipe), the calculated demand load is 495.
Using the loading unit, the flow rate for the calculated demand load is
obtained as 5.7 L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run of each pipe is
 83

obtained according to of plumbing network. This section used four 80 mm elbows and
one 80 mm gate valve.
Loading unit = 495
Flow rate = 5.7 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 80 mm (Figure B.1)
Loss of head = 0.022 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 27.34 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (4 × 3.4) + 0 + (1 × 34)
= 47.6 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 27.34 + 47.6
= 74.94 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head ×Effective pipe
= 0.022 × 74.94
= 1.65 m
Progressive head = 1.65 m
Available head = 13.11 – Valve
= 13.11 – (1×1.3)
= 11.8 m > 1.65 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 80 mm diameter of main pipe of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.5.2. Calculation of Main Pipe for Water Distribution Pipe (Without Pump Section)
(Section 3)
In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for section 3 (main
pipe), the calculated demand load is 350.
Using the loading unit, the flow rate for the calculated demand load is obtained
as 4.9 L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run of each pipe is obtained
according to of plumbing network. This section used three 80 mm elbows and one
80 mm gate valve.
Loading unit = 350
Flow rate = 4.9 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 80 mm (Figure B.1)
 84

Loss of head = 0.016 m/m run (Figure B.3)

Measured pipe = 3.35 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (3×3.4) + 0 + (1×34)
= 44.2 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 3.35 + 44.2
= 47.55 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.016 × 47.55
= 0.76 m
Progressive head = 7.45 m (from section 2) + 0.76
= 8.21 m
Available head = 16.46 – Valve
= 16.46 – (1 × 0.9)
= 15.56 m > 8.21 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 80 mm diameter of main pipe of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.5.3. Calculation of Main Pipe for Water Distribution Pipe (Without Pump Section)
(Section 5)
In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for section 5 (main
pipe), the calculated demand load is 205.
Using the loading unit, the flow rate for the calculated demand load is obtained
as 3.85 L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run of each pipe is obtained
according to of plumbing network. This section used three 80 mm elbows and one
80 mm gate valve.
Loading unit = 205
Flow rate = 3.85 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 80 mm (Figure B.1)
Loss of head = 0.01 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 4.47 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
 85

= (3×3.4) + 0 + (1×34)
= 44.2 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 4.47 + 44.2
= 48.67 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.01 × 48.67
= 0.49 m
Progressive head = 14.01 m (from section 4) + 0.49
= 14.5 m
Available head = 24.09 – Valve
= 24.09 – (1 × 0.7)
= 23.39 m > 14.5 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 80 mm diameter of main pipe of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.5.4. Calculation of Main Pipe for Water Distribution Pipe (Without Pump Section)
(Section 7)
In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for section 7 (main
pipe), the calculated demand load is 135.5.
Using the loading unit, the flow rate for the calculated demand load is obtained
as 3.4 L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run of each pipe is obtained
according to of plumbing network. This section used three 50 mm elbows and one
50 mm gate valve.
Loading unit = 135.5
Flow rate = 3.4 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 80 mm (Figure B.1)
Loss of head = 0.0082 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 3.66 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (3×2.3) + 0 + (1×22)
= 28.9 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 3.66 + 28.9
= 32.56 m
 86

Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe

= 0.0082 × 32.56
= 0.27 m
Progressive head = 20.7 m (from section 6) + 0.27
= 20.97 m
Available head = 27.74 – Valve
= 27.74 – (1 × 0.31)
= 27.43 m >20.97 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 80 mm diameter of main pipe of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.5.5. Calculation of Main Pipe for Water Distribution Pipe (Without Pump Section)
(Section 9)
In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for section 9 (main
pipe), the calculated demand load is 71.
Using the loading unit, the flow rate for the calculated demand load is
obtained as 2.8 L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run of each pipe is
obtained according to of plumbing network. This section used three 40 mm elbows
and one 40 mm gate valve.
Loading unit = 71
Flow rate = 2.8 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 80 mm (Figure B.1)
Loss of head = 0.0065 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 4.27 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (3×1.7) + 0 + (1×16)
= 21.1 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 4.27 + 21.1
= 25.37 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.0065 × 25.37
= 0.16 m
Progressive head = 25.26 m (from section 8) + 0.16
= 25.42 m
 87

Available head = 32.01 – Valve

= 32.01 – (1×0.48)
= 31.53 m > 25.42 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 80 mm diameter of main pipe of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.5.6. Calculation of Main Pipe for Water Distribution Pipe (Without Pump Section)
(Section 11)
In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for section 11 (main
pipe), the calculated demand load is 0.
Using the loading unit, the flow rate for the calculated demand load is
obtained as 1.8 L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding pipe run of each pipe is
obtained according to of plumbing network. This section used three 32 mm elbows
and one 32 mm gate valve.
Loading unit = 0
Flow rate = 1.8 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 40 mm (Figure B.1)
Loss of head = 0.061 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 3.35 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (3 × 1.4) + 0 + (1 × 13)
= 17.2 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 3.35 + 17.2
= 20.55 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.061 × 20.55
= 1.25 m
Progressive head = 33.34 m (from section 10) + 1.25
= 34.59 m
Available head = 35.37 – Valve
= 35.37 – (1 × 0.28)
= 35.09 m > 34.59 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 40 mm diameter of main pipe of distribution pipe size is selected.
Table 3.42. Calculation of Main Pipe Sizes for Water Distribution Pipe (Without Pump Section)

Pipe Loss
Pipe Loading Flow Flow Measured Equivalent Effective Head Progressive Available Final
size of
reference Unit rate velocity pipe pipe pipe consumed head head pipe
(mm) head

1 495 5.7 80 0.022 1.3 27.34 47.6 74.94 1.65 1.65 11.8 80

2 113.5 1.38 40 - - - - - 508 7.45 - 40

3 350 4.9 80 0.016 1.2 3.35 44.2 47.35 0.76 8.21 15.56 80

4 113.5 1.38 40 - - - - - 5.8 14.01 - 40

88
5 205 3.85 80 0.01 0.77 4.47 44.2 48.67 0.49 14.5 23.39 80

6 41 0.69 40 - - - - - 16.2 20.7 - 40

7 135.5 3.4 80 0.0082 0.71 3.66 28.9 32.56 0.27 20.97 27.43 80

8 54 0.82 40 - - - - - 4.293 25.26 - 40

9 171 2.8 80 0.0065 0.63 4.27 21.1 25.37 0.16 25.42 31.53 80

10 55 0.85 40 - - - - - 7.92 33.34 - 40

11 - 1.8 40 0.061 1.4 3.35 17.2 20.55 1.25 34.59 35.09 40

 89

3.6. Design Calculation of Main Pipes for Water Distribution Pipe for Ngwe Moe
Hospital (With Pump Section)
Ngwe Moe Hospital is ten-stored R.C building and main pipe of water
distribution system (with pump section) is designed from fifth floor to penthouse. In
order to design the water supply pipes for each floor, it is required to determine the
load (discharge) of each floor. According to the structural condition of the hospital, it
is divided into sections namely section 1, section 2, etc., for main pipe of distribution
pipe.

3.6.1. Calculation of Main Pipe for Water Distribution Pipe (With Pump Section)
(Section 1)
In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for section 1 (main
pipe), the calculated demand load is 490. Using the loading unit, the flow rate for the
calculated demand load is obtained as 3.9 L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding
pipe run of each pipe is obtained according to of plumbing network. This section used
six 50 mm elbows and one 50 mm tee and one 50 mm gate valve.
Loading unit = 490
Flow rate = 3.9 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 50 mm (Figure B.1)
Loss of head = 0.07 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 18.37 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (6 × 2.3) + (1 × 3.5) + (1 × 22)
= 39.3 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 18.37 + 39.3
= 57.67 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.07 × 57.67
= 4.04 m
Progressive head = 4.04 m
= 4.04 m
Available head = 1.6 – Valve
= 1.6 – (1 × 1.4)
 90

= 0.2 m
105
Pump head = = 10.1 m (1 bar)
9810
Total available head = 0.2 + 10.1 = 10.3 m > 4.04 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 50 mm diameter of main pipe of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.6.2. Calculation of Main Pipe for Water Distribution Pipe (With Pump Section)
(Section 3)
In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for section 3 (main
pipe), the calculated demand load is 299. Using the loading unit, the flow rate for the
calculated demand load is obtained as 2.8 L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding
pipe run of each pipe is obtained according to of plumbing network. This section used
three 50 mm elbows and one 50 mm gate valve.
Loading unit = 299
Flow rate = 2.8 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 50 mm (Figure B.1)
Loss of head = 0.054 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 3.05 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (3 × 2.3) + 0 + (1 × 22)
= 28.9 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 3.05 + 28.9
= 31.95 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.054 × 31.95
= 1.73 m
Progressive head = 9.84 (from section 2) + 1.73
= 11.57 m
Available head = 4.65 – Valve
= 4.65 – (1 × 0.7)
= 3.95 m
 91

1.5 105
Pump head = = 15.29 m (1.5 bar)
9810
Total available head = 3.95 + 15.29
= 19.24 m > 11.57 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 50 mm diameter of main pipe of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.6.3. Calculation of Main Pipe for Water Distribution Pipe (With Pump Section)
(Section 5)
In this study, to determine the size of water supply pipes for section 5 (main
pipe), the calculated demand load is 0. Using the loading unit, the flow rate for the
calculated demand load is obtained as 1.38 L/sec from Figure B.4. The corresponding
pipe run of each pipe is obtained according to of plumbing network. This section used
three 50 mm elbows and one 50 mm gate valve.
Loading unit = 0
Flow rate = 1.38 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 50 mm (Figure B.1)
Loss of head = 0.013 m/m run (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 3.35 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (3 × 2.3) + 0 + (1 × 22)
= 28.9 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 3.35 + 28.9
= 32.25 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.013 × 32.25
= 0.42 m
Progressive head = 17.37 (from section 4) + 0.42
= 17.79 m
Available head = 4.95 – Valve
= 4.95 – (1 × 0.16)
= 4.79 m
 92

2 105
Pump head = = 20.39 m (2 bar)
9810
Total available head = 4.79 + 20.39
= 25.18 m > 17.79 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 50 mm diameter of main pipe of distribution pipe size is selected.
Table 3.43. Calculation of Main Pipe Sizes for Water Distribution Pipe (With Pump Section 1)

Pipe Loss
Pipe Loading Flow Flow Measured Equivalent Effective Head Progressive Available Final
size of
reference Unit rate velocity pipe pipe pipe consumed head head pipe
(mm) head

1 490 3.9 50 0.07 2 18.37 39.3 57.67 4.04 4.04 0.2 50

93
2 440 3.8 50 - - - - - 5.8 9.84 - 50

3 299 2.8 50 0.054 1.6 3.05 28.9 31.95 1.73 11.57 3.95 50

4 145 1.65 50 - - - - - 5.8 17.37 - 50

5 - 1.38 50 0.013 0.67 3.35 28.9 32.25 0.42 17.79 4.79 50

 94

3.7. Design of Booster Pump

Booster pumps are devices used to increase the pressure of existing fluid flow
systems. They are designed to help pumping systems achieve higher flow rates and
overcome high system head. Typically, booster pumps are used in water systems or
applications that have low waste contamination. Booster pumps work in conjunction
with other pumps, meaning by themselves they cannot transport any fluid in a system.
They are designed only to "boost" the performance of an existing pumping system.
Booster pumps are considered centrifugal pumps, relying on one or more impellers to
draw and move fluid. Main pipe of water distribution system with pump is designed
from fifth floor to penthouse.
H1 = Head loss in 50 mm, main pipe.
H2 = Head loss in 40 mm, sub- main pipe.
H3 = Head loss in 25 mm, sub- main pipe.
H4 = Head loss in 32 mm, sub- main pipe.
H5 = Static head
For 50 mm, H1
Total loading unit for main pipe = 490
Design flow rate = 3.9 L/s (Figure B.4)
Pipe size = 50 mm
Loss of head = 0.077 m/m run (Figure B.2)
Velocity = 2 m/s (Figure B.3)
Actual length = 25.08 m
Effective length = 25.08 × 1.5 = 37.62 m
H1 = 37.62 × 0.077 = 2.9 m
For 40 mm, H2
Total loading unit for sub- main pipe = 113.5
Design flow rate = 1.38 L/s (Figure B.4)
Pipe size = 40 mm
Loss of head = 0.032 m/m run (Figure B.2)
Velocity = 1.1 m/s (Figure B.3)
Actual length = 24.75 m
Effective length = 24.75 × 1.5 = 37.13 m
H2 = 37.13 × 0.032 = 1.19 m
 95

For 25 mm, H3
Total loading unit for sub- main pipe = 13
Design flow rate = 0.37 L/s (Figure B.4)
Pipe size = 25 mm
Loss of head = 0.021 m/m run (Figure B.2)
Velocity = 0.6 m/s (Figure B.3)
Actual length = 10.77 m
Effective length = 10.77 × 1.5 = 16.16 m
H3 = 16.16 × 0.021 = 0.5 m
For 32 mm, H4
Total loading unit for sub- main pipe = 39
Design flow rate = 0.66 L/s (Figure B.4)
Pipe size = 32 mm
Loss of head = 0.03 m/m run (Figure B.2)
Velocity = 0.8 m/s (Figure B.3)
Actual length = 28.07 m
Effective length = 28.07 × 1.5 = 42.1 m
H4 = 42.1 × 0.03 = 1.26 m
For Static head, H5 = 12.47 m
Total loading unit = H1 + H2 + H3 + H4 + H5
= 2.9 + 1.19 + 0.5 + 1.26 + 12.47
= 18.32 m
Safety factor = 18.32 × 1.1 = 20.15 m
ρgQh
Pump motor =
100 × ηmotor ×ηpump

1000 × 9.81 × 3.9 × 10-3 × 20.15

=
1000 × 0.8 × 0.8
= 1.2 kW
1.2
=
0.746
Pump size = 1.6 hp
 96

3.8. Pipe Size for Dialysis

Dialysis is a treatment for individuals whose kidneys are failing. There are two
types of dialysis, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, that both perform normal
kidney functions, filtering waste and excess fluid from the blood.

3.8.1. Transfer Pipe for Dialysis

Flow rate = 0.13 L/s
Assumed pipe size = 25 mm
Loss of head = 0.006 m/m run (Figure B.2)
Velocity = 0.27 m/s (Figure B.3)
Actual length = 58.06 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent length = Elbow + Tee +Gate valves
= (11 × 1) + (8 × 1.5) + (2 × 10)
= 43 m
Effective length = 43 + 58.06 = 101.06 m
Head consumed = loss of head × effective length
= 0.006 × 101.06
= 0.61 m
Available head = 30 psi – valves
= 21.06 – (2 × 0.065)
= 20.93 m

3.8.2. Main Pipe for Dialysis

Flow rate = 0.13 + 0.0083 = 0.1383 L/s
Assumed pipe size = 25 mm
Loss of head = 0.0068 m/m run (Figure B.2)
Velocity = 0.29 m/s (Figure B.3)
Actual length = 81.24 m
Equivalent length = Elbow + Tee +Gate valves
= (9 × 0.8) + (2 × 1) + (1 × 7 )
= 15.6 m
Effective length = 81.24+15.6 = 96.84 m
Head consumed = loss of head × effective length
 97

= 0.0068 × 96.84
= 0.66 m
Available head = 27.44 – valves
= 27.44 – (1× 0.14)
= 27.3 m

3.9. Design Calculation of Branch Pipes of Water Dispenser for Ngwe Moe
Hospital
A water dispenser is, as its name implies, a device that dispense water. It is used
to provide easy access to drinking water. Water dispensers have become a necessary
part of society. Some water dispensers provide filter water from replaceable bottles.
Water dispenser facilitates easily supply of drinking water. It is very useful equipment
and can supply cold, moderate and hot water. Water dispensers play a vital role in
work places, restaurants, hospitals and public places for storing clean drinking water.
In this hospital, flow rate of water dispenser is 170 L/h (0.05L/s).

2 3

Figure 3.8. Branch Pipes of Water Dispensers for Ground floor

3.9.1. Calculation of Branch Pipe (section 1) of Water Dispenser for Ground Floor
In this study, to determine the size of branch pipes for ground floor, the
calculated demand load is described.
The flow rate for the calculated demand load is obtained as 0.15L/sec. The
corresponding pipe run of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of
plumbing network.
Flow rate = 0.15 L/s (for three water dispensers)
Assume pipe diameter = 20 mm (section 1)
Loss of head = 0.02 m/m run (Figure B.2)
Velocity = 0.5 m/s (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 15.42 m
Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
 98

= (2×0.8) + (1×1) + (1×7)

= 9.6 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 15.42 + 9.6
= 25.02 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.02 × 25.02
= 0.5 m
Progressive head = 0.5 m
= 0.5 m
Available head = 32.11 – Valve
= 32.11 – (1 × 0.14)
= 31.97 m > 0.5 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 20 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.9.2. Calculation of Branch Pipe (section 2) of Water Dispenser for Ground Floor
In this study, to determine the size of branch pipes for ground floor, the
calculated demand load is described.
The flow rate for the calculated demand load is obtained as 0.05L/sec. The
corresponding pipe run of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of
plumbing network.
Flow rate = 0.05 L/s (for one water dispenser)
Assume pipe diameter = 15 mm (section 2)
Loss of head = 0.012 m/m run (Figure B.2)
Velocity = 0.26 m/s (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 14.35 m
Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (4×0.5) + (1×0.6) + (1×4)
= 6.6 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 14.35 + 6.6
= 20.95 m
 99

Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe

= 0.012 × 20.95
= 0.25 m
Progressive head = 0.5 m (from section 1) + 0.25
= 0.75 m
Available head = 32.11 – Valve
= 32.11 – (1 × 0.085)
= 32.03 m > 0.75 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 15 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.9.3. Calculation of Branch Pipe (section 3) of Water Dispenser for Ground Floor
In this study, to determine the size of branch pipes for ground floor, the
calculated demand load is described.
The flow rate for the calculated demand load is obtained as 0.05L/sec. The
corresponding pipe run of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of
plumbing network.
Flow rate = 0.05 L/s (for one water dispenser)
Assume pipe diameter = 15 mm (section 2)
Loss of head = 0.012 m/m run (Figure B.2)
Velocity = 0.26 m/s (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 9.66 m
Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (3×0.5) + (1×0.6) + (1×4)
= 6.1 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 9.66 + 6.1
= 15.76 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head ×Effective pipe
= 0.012 × 15.76
= 0.2 m
Progressive head = 0.75 m (from section 2) + 0.2
= 0.95 m
 100

Available head = 32.11 – Valve

= 32.11 – (1 × 0.085)
= 32.03 m > 0.95 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 15 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3 5
1 2 4

7 6

Figure 3.9. Branch Pipes of Water Dispensers for 1st floor

3.9.4. Calculation of Branch Pipe (section 1) of Water Dispenser for 1st Floor
In this study, to determine the size of branch pipes for 1st floor, the calculated
demand load is described.
The flow rate for the calculated demand load is obtained as 1.18L/sec. The
corresponding pipe run of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of
plumbing network.
Flow rate = 1.18 L/s (for three basin, three water
dispensers and main dialysis)
Assume pipe diameter = 40 mm (section 1)
Loss of head = 0.029 m/m run (Figure B.2)
Velocity = 0.9 m/s (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 2.49 m
Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (1 × 1.7) + 0 + (1 × 16)
= 17.7 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 2.49 +17.7
= 20.19 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head ×Effective pipe
= 0.029 × 20.19
= 0.6 m
 101

Progressive head = 0.6 m

= 0.6 m
Available head = 24.8 – Valve
= 24.8 – (1×0.41)
= 24.39 m > 0.6 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 40 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.9.5. Calculation of Branch Pipe (section 2) of Water Dispenser for 1st Floor
In this study, to determine the size of branch pipes for 1st floor, the calculated
demand load is described.
The flow rate for the calculated demand load is obtained as 1.13L/sec. The
corresponding pipe run of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of
plumbing network.
Flow rate = 1.13 L/s (for three basin, two water
dispensers and main dialysis)
Assume pipe diameter = 40 mm (section 2)
Loss of head = 0.027 m/m run (Figure B.2)
Velocity = 0.85 m/s (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 1.22 m
Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (0 × 1.7) + 0 + (0 × 16)
= 0
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 1.22 + 0
= 1.22 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.027 × 1.22
= 0.03 m
Progressive head = 0.6 m (from section 1) + 0.03
= 0.63 m
Available head = 24.8 – Valve
= 24.8 – 0
= 24.8 m > 0.63 m (Progressive head)
 102

∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 40 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.9.6. Calculation of Branch Pipe (section 3) of Water Dispenser for 1st Floor
In this study, to determine the size of branch pipes for 1st floor, the calculated
demand load is described.
The flow rate for the calculated demand load is obtained as 1.03L/sec. The
corresponding pipe run of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of
plumbing network.
Flow rate = 1.03 L/s (for three basin, one water dispenser
and main dialysis)
Assume pipe diameter = 40 mm (section 3)
Loss of head = 0.026 m/m run (Figure B.2)
Velocity = 0.8 m/s (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 12.8 m
Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (3 × 1.7) + (2 × 2.5) + (1 × 16)
= 26.1 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 12.8 + 26.1
= 38.9 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.026 × 38.9
= 1.01 m
Progressive head = 0.63 m (from section 2) + 1.01
= 1.64 m
Available head = 25.6 – Valve
= 25.6 – (1 × 0.41)
= 25.19 m > 1.64 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 40 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.9.7. Calculation of Branch Pipe (section 4) of Water Dispenser for 1st Floor
In this study, to determine the size of branch pipes for 1st floor, the calculated
demand load is described.
 103

The flow rate for the calculated demand load is obtained as 1.13L/sec. The
corresponding pipe run of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of
plumbing network.
Flow rate = 1.13 L/s (for three basin, two water dispensers
and main dialysis)
Assume pipe diameter = 40 mm (section 4)
Loss of head = 0.027 m/m run (Figure B.2)
Velocity = 0.85 m/s (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 13 m
Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (0 × 1.7) + 0 + (0 × 16)
= 0
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 13 + 0
= 13 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.027 × 13
= 0.35 m
Progressive head = 1.64 m (from section 3) + 0.35
= 1.99 m
Available head = 24.8 – Valve
= 24.8 – 0
= 24.8 m > 1.99 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 40 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.9.8. Calculation of Branch Pipe (section 5) of Water Dispenser for 1st Floor
In this study, to determine the size of branch pipes for 1st floor, the calculated
demand load is described.
The flow rate for the calculated demand load is obtained as 0.18L/sec. The
corresponding pipe run of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of
plumbing network.
Flow rate = 0.18 L/s (for one water dispensers and main
dialysis)
 104

Assume pipe diameter = 20 mm (section 5)

Loss of head = 0.027 m/m run (Figure B.2)
Velocity = 0.6 m/s (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 9.4 m
Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (2 × 0.8) + 0 + (1 × 7)
= 8.6 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 9.4 + 8.6
= 18 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.027 × 18
= 0.49 m
Progressive head = 1.99 m (from section 4) + 0.49
= 2.48 m
Available head = 24.8 – Valve
= 24.8 – (1 × 0.22)
= 24.58 m > 2.48 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 20 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.9.9. Calculation of Branch Pipe (section 6) of Water Dispenser for 1st Floor
In this study, to determine the size of branch pipes for 1st floor, the calculated
demand load is described.
The flow rate for the calculated demand load is obtained as 0.18L/sec. The
corresponding pipe run of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of
plumbing network.
Flow rate = 0.18 L/s (for one water dispenser and main
dialysis)
Assume pipe diameter = 20 mm (section 6)
Loss of head = 0.027 m/m run (Figure B.2)
Velocity = 0.6 m/s (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 36.13 m
 105

Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves

= (5 × 0.8) + 0 + (1 × 7)
= 11 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 36.13 + 11
= 47.13 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.027 × 47.13
= 1.27 m
Progressive head = 2.48 m (from section 5) + 1.27
= 3.75 m
Available head = 24.8 – Valve
= 24.8 – (1 × 0.22)
= 24.58 m > 3.75 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 20 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.9.10. Calculation of Branch Pipe (section 7) of Water Dispenser for 1st Floor
In this study, to determine the size of branch pipes for 1st floor, the calculated
demand load is described.
The flow rate for the calculated demand load is obtained as 0.18L/sec. The
corresponding pipe run of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of
plumbing network.
Flow rate = 0.18 L/s (for one water dispenser and main
dialysis)
Assume pipe diameter = 20 mm (section 7)
Loss of head = 0.027 m/m run (Figure B.2)
Velocity = 0.6 m/s (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 25.37 m
Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (3 × 0.8) + 0 + (1 × 7)
= 9.4 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 25.37 + 9.4
 106

= 34.77 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.027 × 34.77
= 0.94 m
Progressive head = 3.75 m (from section 6) + 0.94
= 4.69 m
Available head = 24.8 – Valve
= 24.8 – (1 × 0.22)
= 24.58 m > 4.69 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 20 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

1 2

Figure 3.10. Branch Pipes of Water Dispensers for 2nd Floor

3.9.11. Calculation of Branch Pipe (section 1) of Water Dispenser for 2nd Floor
In this study, to determine the size of branch pipes for 2nd floor, the calculated
demand load is described.
The flow rate for the calculated demand load is obtained as 1.33 L/sec. The
corresponding pipe run of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of
plumbing network.
Flow rate = 1.33 L/s (for four sinks, two water dispensers
and one dialysis machine)
Assume pipe diameter = 40 mm (section 1)
Loss of head = 0.03 m/m run (Figure B.2)
Velocity = 0.96 m/s (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 17 m
Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (2 × 1.7) + (1 × 2.5) + (1 × 16)
= 21.9 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
 107

= 17 + 21.9
= 38.9 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.03 × 38.9
= 1.17 m
Progressive head = 1.17 m
= 1.17 m
Available head = 20.53 – Valve
= 20.53 – (1 × 0.43)
= 20.1 m > 1.17 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 40 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.9.12. Calculation of Branch Pipe (section 2) of Water Dispenser for 2nd Floor
In this study, to determine the size of branch pipes for 2nd floor, the calculated
demand load is described.
The flow rate for the calculated demand load is obtained as 0.08L/sec. The
corresponding pipe run of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of
plumbing network.
Flow rate = 0.08 L/s (for one water dispenser and one
dialysis machine)
Assume pipe diameter = 15 mm (section 2)
Loss of head = 0.025 m/m run (Figure B.2)
Velocity = 0.5 m/s (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 2.36 m
Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (2 × 0.5) + 0 + (1 × 4)
= 5m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 2.36 + 5
= 7.36 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.025× 7.36
= 0.18 m
 108

Progressive head = 1.17 m (from section 1) + 0.18

= 1.35 m
Available head = 20.53 – Valve
= 20.53 – (1 × 0.19)
= 20.34 m > 1.35 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 15 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.9.13. Calculation of Branch Pipe (section 3) of Water Dispenser for 2nd Floor
In this study, to determine the size of branch pipes for 2nd floor, the calculated
demand load is described.
The flow rate for the calculated demand load is obtained as 1.25L/sec. The
corresponding pipe run of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of
plumbing network.
Flow rate = 1.25 L/s (for one water dispenser and four
steel sinks)
Assume pipe diameter = 40 mm (section 3)
Loss of head = 0.03 m/m run (Figure B.2)
Velocity = 0.95 m/s (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 51.47 m
Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (4 × 1.7) + (3 × 2.5) + (1 × 16)
= 30.3 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 51.47 + 30.3
= 81.77 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.03 × 81.77
= 2.45 m
Progressive head = 1.35 m (from section 2) + 2.45
= 3.8 m
Available head = 21.32 – Valve
= 21.32 – (1 × 0.4)
= 20.92 m > 3.8 m (Progressive head)
 109

∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 40 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

1 2

Figure 3.11. Branch Pipes of Water Dispensers for 3rd floor to penthouse.

3.9.14. Calculation of Branch Pipe (section 1) of Water Dispenser for 3rd Floor to
Penthouse
In this study, to determine the size of branch pipes for 3rd floor to penthouse,
the calculated demand load is described.
The flow rate for the calculated demand load is obtained as 0.1L/sec. The
corresponding pipe run of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of
plumbing network.
Flow rate = 0.1 L/s (for two water dispensers)
Assume pipe diameter = 15 mm (section 1)
Loss of head = 0.034 m/m run (Figure B.2)
Velocity = 0.3 m/s (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 9.05 m
Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (2 × 0.5) + 0 + (1 × 4)
= 5m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 9.05 + 5
= 14.05 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.034 × 14.05
= 0.48 m
Progressive head = 0.48 m
= 0.48 m
 110

Available head = 17.17 – Valve

= 17.17 – (1 × 0.075)
= 17.095 m > 0.48 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 15 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.9.15. Calculation of Branch Pipe (section 2) of Water Dispenser for 3rd Floor to
Penthouse
In this study, to determine the size of branch pipes for 3rd floor to penthouse,
the calculated demand load is described.
The flow rate for the calculated demand load is obtained as 0.05L/sec. The
corresponding pipe run of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of
plumbing network.
Flow rate = 0.05 L/s (for one water dispenser)
Assume pipe diameter = 15 mm (section 2)
Loss of head = 0.011 m/m run (Figure B.2)
Velocity = 0.28 m/s (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 4.2 m
Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (1 × 0.5) + 0 + (1 × 4)
= 4.5 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 4.2 + 4.5
= 8.7 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head ×Effective pipe
= 0.011 × 8.7
= 0.1 m
Progressive head = 0.48 m (from section 1) + 0.1
= 0.58 m
Available head = 17.17 – Valve
= 17.17 – (1 × 0.085)
= 17.09 m > 0.58 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 15 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.
 111

3.9.16. Calculation of Branch Pipe (section 3) of Water Dispenser for 3rd Floor to
Penthouse
In this study, to determine the size of branch pipes for 3rd floor to penthouse,
the calculated demand load is described.
The flow rate for the calculated demand load is obtained as 0.05 L/sec. The
corresponding pipe run of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of
plumbing network.
Flow rate = 0.05 L/s (for one water dispenser)
Assume pipe diameter = 15 mm (section 3)
Loss of head = 0.011 m/m run (Figure B.2)
Velocity = 0.28 m/s (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 32.47 m
Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (3 × 0.5) + 0 + (1 × 4)
= 5.5 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 32.47 + 5.5
= 37.97 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.011 × 37.97
= 0.42 m
Progressive head = 0.58 m (from section 2) + 0.42
= 1m
Available head = 17.17 – Valve
= 17.17 – (1 × 0.085)
= 17.09 m > 1 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 15 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.
Table 3.44. Calculation of Branch Pipe Sizes of Water Dispenser for Ground Floor

Pipe Loss
Pipe Loading Flow Flow Measured Equivalent Effective Head Progressive Available Final
size of
reference Unit rate velocity pipe pipe pipe consumed head head pipe
(mm) head

1 - 0.15 20 0.02 0.5 15.42 9.6 25.02 0.5 0.5 31.97 20

2 - 0.05 15 0.012 0.26 14.35 6.6 20.95 0.25 0.75 32.03 15

3 - 0.05 15 0.012 0.26 9.66 6.1 15.76 0.2 0.95 32.03 15

Table 3.45. Calculation of Branch Pipe Sizes of Water Dispenser for 1st Floor
Pipe Loss

112
Pipe Loading Flow Flow Measured Equivalent Effective Head Progressive Available Final
size of
reference Unit rate velocity pipe pipe pipe consumed head head pipe
(mm) head

1 - 1.18 40 0.029 0.9 2.49 17.7 20.19 0.6 0.6 24.39 40

2 - 1.13 40 0.027 0.85 1.22 0 1.22 0.03 0.63 24.8 40

3 - 1.03 40 0.026 0.8 12.8 26.1 38.9 1.01 1.64 25.19 40

4 - 1.13 40 0.027 0.85 13 0 13 0.35 1.99 24.8 40

5 - 0.18 20 0.027 0.6 9.4 8.6 18 0.49 2.48 24.58 20

6 - 0.18 20 0.027 0.6 36.13 11 47.13 1.27 3.75 24.58 20

7 - 0.18 20 0.027 0.6 25.37 9.4 34.77 0.94 4.69 24.58 20

Table 3.46. Calculation of Branch Pipe Sizes of Water Dispenser for 2nd Floor

Pipe Loss
Pipe Loading Flow Flow Measured Equivalent Effective Head Progressive Available Final
size of
reference Unit rate velocity pipe pipe pipe consumed head head pipe
(mm) head

1 - 1.33 40 0.03 0.96 17 21.9 38.9 1.17 1.17 20.1 40

2 - 0.08 15 0.025 0.48 2.36 5 7.36 0.18 1.35 20.34 15

3 - 1.25 40 0.03 0.95 51.47 30.3 81.77 2.45 3.8 20.92 40

113
Table 3.47. Calculation of Branch Pipe Sizes of Water Dispenser for 3rd Floor to Penthouse

Pipe Loss
Pipe Loading Flow Flow Measured Equivalent Effective Head Progressive Available Final
size of
reference Unit rate velocity pipe pipe pipe consumed head head pipe
(mm) head

3 - 0.1 15 0.034 0.59 9.05 5 14.05 0.48 0.48 16.89 15

2 - 0.05 15 0.011 0.28 4.2 4.5 8.7 0.1 0.58 17.09 15

3 - 0.05 15 0.011 0.28 32.47 5.5 37.97 0.42 1 17.09 15

 114

3.10. Design Calculation of Main Pipes for Water Dispenser

A water dispenser is, as its name implies, a device that dispense water. It is
used to provide easy access to drinking water. Water dispensers have become a
necessary part of society. Water dispensers play a vital role in work places,
restaurants, hospitals and public places for storing clean drinking water.

Penthouse

7th

6th

5th

4th

3rd

2nd

1st

Ground
Figure 3.12. Main Pipes of Water Dispensers

3.10.1. Calculation of Main Pipe (section 1) of Water Dispensers

In this study, to determine the size of main pipes of water dispensers, the
calculated demand load is described.
The flow rate for the calculated demand load is obtained as 3.26L/sec. The
corresponding pipe run of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of
plumbing network.
The limitation of pressure is between 1.5 bar and 3.5 bars.
Flow rate = 3.26 L/s
 115

Assume pipe diameter = 50 mm (section 1)

Loss of head = 0.061 m/m run (Figure B.2)
Velocity = 1.6 m/s (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 29.58 m
Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (5 × 2.3) + (1 × 3.5) + (1 × 22)
= 37 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 29.58 + 37
= 66.58 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.061 × 66.58
= 4.06 m
Progressive head = 4.06 m
= 4.06 m
Available head = 4.35 – Valve
= 4.35 – (1 × 0.84)
= 3.51 m
1105
Pump head = = 10.1 m (1 bar)
9810
Total available head = 3.51 + 10.1
= 13.61 m > 4.06 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 50 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.10.2. Calculation of Main Pipe (section 3) of Water Dispensers

In this study, to determine the size of main pipes of water dispensers, the
calculated demand load is described.
The flow rate for the calculated demand load is obtained as 3.16L/sec. The
corresponding pipe run of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of
plumbing network.
Flow rate = 3.16 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 50 mm (section 3)
Loss of head = 0.059 m/m run (Figure B.2)
 116

Velocity = 1.7 m/s (Figure B.3)

Measured pipe = 32.63 m
Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (5 × 2.3) + (1 × 3.5) + (1 × 22)
= 37 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 32.63 + 37
= 69.63 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.059 × 69.63
= 4.11 m
Progressive head = 4.54 (from section 2) + 4.11
= 8.65 m
Available head = 7.4 – Valve
= 7.4 – (1 × 0.8)
= 6.6 m
1105
Pump head = = 10.1 m (1 bar)
9810
Total available head = 6.6 + 10.1 = 16.7 m> 8.65 m (Progressive head)
∴Satisfied
Therefore, 50 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.10.3. Calculation of Main Pipe (section 5) of Water Dispensers

In this study, to determine the size of main pipes of water dispensers, the
calculated demand load is described.
The flow rate for the calculated demand load is obtained as 3.06L/sec. The
corresponding pipe run of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of
plumbing network.
Flow rate = 3.06 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 50 mm (section 5)
Loss of head = 0.058 m/m run (Figure B.2)
Velocity = 1.65 m/s (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 35.98 m
From Table A2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
 117

= (5 × 2.3) + (1 × 3.5) + (1 × 22)

= 37 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 35.98 + 37
= 72.98 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.058 × 72.98
= 4.23 m
Progressive head = 9.13 m (from section 4) + 4.23
= 13.36 m
Available head = 10.76 – Valve
= 10.76 – (1 × 0.78)
= 9.98 m
1105
Pump head = = 10.1 m (1 bar)
9810
Total available head = 9.98 + 10.1
= 20.08 m > 13.36 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 50 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.10.4. Calculation of Main Pipe (section 7) of Water Dispensers

In this study, to determine the size of main pipes of water dispensers, the
calculated demand load is described.
The flow rate for the calculated demand load is obtained as 2.96L/sec. The
corresponding pipe run of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of
plumbing network.
Flow rate = 2.96 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 50 mm (section 7)
Loss of head = 0.053 m/m run (Figure B.2)
Velocity = 1.6 m/s (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 46.98 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (5 × 2.3) + (1 × 3.5) + (1 × 22)
= 37m
 118

Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe

= 46.98 + 37
= 83.98 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.053 × 83.98
= 4.45 m
Progressive head = 13.84 m (from section 6) + 4.45
= 18.29 m
Available head = 14.11 – Valve
= 14.11 – (1 × 0.74)
= 13.37 m
1105
Pump head = = 10.1 m (1 bar)
9810
Total available head = 13.37 + 10.1
= 23.47 m > 18.29 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 50 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.10.5. Calculation of Main Pipe (section 9) of Water Dispensers

In this study, to determine the size of main pipes of water dispensers, the
calculated demand load is described.
The flow rate for the calculated demand load is obtained as 2.86L/sec. The
corresponding pipe run of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of
plumbing network.
Flow rate = 2.86 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 50 mm (section 9)
Loss of head = 0.051 m/m run (Figure B.2)
Velocity = 1.57 m/s (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 50.33 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (5 × 2.3) + (1 × 3.5) + (1 × 22)
= 37 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 50.33 + 37
= 87.33 m
 119

Head Consumed = Loss of head ×Effective pipe

= 0.051 × 87.33
= 4.45 m
Progressive head = 18.77 m (from section 8) + 4.45
= 23.22 m
Available head = 17.46 – Valve
= 17.46 – (1 × 0.7)
= 16.76 m
1105
Pump head = = 10.1 m (1 bar)
9810
Total available head = 16.76 + 10.1
= 26.86 m > 23.22 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 50 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.10.6. Calculation of Main Pipe (section 11) of Water Dispensers

In this study, to determine the size of main pipes of water dispensers, the
calculated demand load is described.
The flow rate for the calculated demand load is obtained as 2.76L/sec. The
corresponding pipe run of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of
plumbing network.
Flow rate = 2.76 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 50 mm (section 11)
Loss of head = 0.05 m/m run (Figure B.2)
Velocity = 1.5 m/s (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 53.68 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (5 × 2.3) + (1 × 3.5) + (1 × 22)
= 37 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 53.68 + 37
= 90.68 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.05 × 90.68
 120

= 4.53 m
Progressive head = 23.7 m (from section 10) + 4.53
= 28.23 m
Available head = 20.81 – Valve
= 20.81 – (1 × 0.62)
= 20.19 m
1105
Pump head = = 10.1 m (1 bar)
9810
Total available head = 20.19 + 10.1
= 30.2 m > 28.23 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 50 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.10.7. Calculation of Main Pipe (section 13) of Water Dispensers

In this study, to determine the size of main pipes of water dispensers, the
calculated demand load is described.
The flow rate for the calculated demand load is obtained as 1.43L/sec. The
corresponding pipe run of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of
plumbing network.
Flow rate = 1.43 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 50 mm (section 13)
Loss of head = 0.017 m/m run (Figure B.2)
Velocity = 0.76 m/s (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 93.23 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (7×2.3) + (4×3.5) + (1×22)
= 52.1 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 93.23 + 52.1
= 145.33 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.017 × 145.33
= 2.47 m
Progressive head = 28.71 m (from section 12) + 2.47
 121

= 31.18 m
Available head = 24.16 – Valve
= 24.16 – (1 × 0.19)
= 23.97 m
1105
Pump head = = 10.1 m (1 bar)
9810
Total available head = 23.97 + 10.1
= 33.97 m > 31.18 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 50 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.10.8. Calculation of Main Pipe (section 15) of Water Dispensers

In this study, to determine the size of main pipes of water dispenser, the
calculated demand load is described.
The flow rate for the calculated demand load is obtained as 0.25L/sec. The
corresponding pipe run of each pipe is obtained according to the layout plan of
plumbing network.
Flow rate = 0.25 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 25 mm (section 15)
Loss of head = 0.019 m/m run (Figure B.2)
Velocity = 0.58 m/s (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 105.46 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (8 × 1) + (2 × 1.5) + (1 × 10)
= 21 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 105.46 + 21
= 126.46 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.019 × 126.46
= 2.4 m
Progressive head = 33.63 m (from section 14) + 2.4
= 36.03 m
Available head = 28.43 – Valve
 122

= 28.43 – (1 × 0.14)
= 28.29 m
1105
Pump head = = 10.1 m (1 bar)
9810
Total available head = 28.29 + 10.1
= 38.3 m > 36.03 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 25 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.

3.10.9. Calculation of Main Pipe (section 17) of Water Dispensers

In this study, to determine the size of main pipes of water dispensers, the
calculated demand load is described. The flow rate for the calculated demand load is
obtained as 0.15 L/sec. The corresponding pipe run of each pipe is obtained according
to the layout plan of plumbing network.
Flow rate = 0.15 L/s
Assume pipe diameter = 20 mm (section 11)
Loss of head = 0.02 m/m run (Figure B.2)
Velocity = 0.5 m/s (Figure B.3)
Measured pipe = 60.5 m
From Table A.2, Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Tee + Gate valves
= (8 × 0.8) + (1 × 1) + (1 × 7) = 14.4 m
Effective pipe = Measured pipe + Equivalent pipe
= 60.5 + 14.4 = 74.9 m
Head Consumed = Loss of head × Effective pipe
= 0.02 × 74.9 = 1.5 m
Progressive head = 37.3 m (from section 16) + 1.5 = 38.8 m
Available head = 32.04 – Valve
= 32.04 – (1 × 0.15) = 31.89 m
1105
Pump head = = 10.1 m (1 bar)
9810
Total available head = 31.89 + 10.1
= 41.9 m > 38.8 m (Progressive head)
∴ Satisfied
Therefore, 20 mm diameter of distribution pipe size is selected.
Table 3.48. Calculation of Main Pipe Sizes for Water Dispensers
Pipe Loss
Pipe Flow Flow Measured Equivalent Effective Head Progressive Available Final
size of
reference rate velocity pipe pipe pipe consumed head head pipe
(mm) head
1 3.26 50 0.061 1.6 29.58 37 66.58 4.06 4.06 13.61 50
2 0.1 15 - - - - - 0.48 4.54 - 15
3 3.16 50 0.059 1.7 32.63 37 69.63 4.11 8.65 16.7 50
4 0.1 15 - - - - - 0.48 9.13 - 15
5 3.06 50 0.058 1.65 35.98 37 72.98 4.23 13.36 20.08 50

123
6 0.1 15 - - - - - 0.48 13.84 - 15
7 2.96 50 0.053 1.6 46.98 37 83.98 4.45 18.29 23.47 50
8 0.1 15 - - - - - 0.48 18.77 - 15
9 2.86 50 0.051 1.57 50.33 37 87.33 4.45 23.22 26.86 50
10 0.1 15 - - - - - 0.48 23.7 - 15
11 2.76 50 0.05 1.5 53.68 37 90.68 4.53 28.23 30.2 50
12 0.1 15 - - - - - 0.48 28.71 - 15
13 1.43 50 0.017 0.76 93.23 52.1 145.32 2.47 31.18 33.98 50
14 1.33 40 - - - - - 2.45 33.63 - 40
15 0.25 25 0.019 0.58 105.46 21 126.46 2.4 36.03 38.3 25
16 1.18 40 - - - - - 1.27 37.3 - 40
17 0.15 20 0.02 0.5 60.5 14.4 74.9 1.5 38.8 41.9 20
 124

3.11. Tank Size for Drinking Water

Consumption of water for dialysis
Flow rate for dialysis = 0.13 L/s = 8 L/min
For 1hr = 480 L/hr
For 12hr = 480 × 12 = 5760 L
Consumption of water for public
Use of water for one person = 3L
For 600 persons = 3 × 600 = 1800 L
Volume of water = 5760 + 1800 = 7560 L ~ 7600 L
Effective tank size = 7.6 m3
Actual Effective tank size = 7.6 × 1.05 (safety factor 5 %) = 7.98 m3
∴Tank size, L = 2 m, B = 2 m, H = 2 m

3.12. Submersible Pump Size for Basement

The float will start to rise once. The water reaches a level 1ft in 2hr where the float
switch raised enough the pump will be activated. And start pumping the water out.
Basement area = 10530 ft2
Duration = 2 hr = 7200 s
Depth = 1 ft
Volume = 10530 × 1 = 10530 ft3 = 298.41 m3
V
Flow rate Q =
t
298.41
=
7200
= 0.041 m3 /s
= 41 L/s
Assume no of pump = 4 nos.
41
Flow rate of each pump = = 10.3 L/s
4
Assume pipe size = 80 mm
Loss of head = 0.067 mm/run (Figure B.3)
1. Pipe length = 28.41 m
Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Check valves + Gate valves
= (2 × 3) + (1 × 27) + (1 × 34)
 125

= 67.8 m
Effective pipe = Pipe length + Equivalent pipe
= 28.41 + 67.8
= 96.21 m
Head consumed = Effective pipe × Loss of head
= 96.21 × 0.067
= 6.45 m
Total friction head = 6.45 × 20 % = 7.74 m
ρgQh
Pump size =
1000 × ηmotor × ηpump

1000  9.8110−3  7.74

=
1000 × 0.8 × 0.8
= 1.2 kW
= 1.6 hp ~ 2 hp
2. Pipe length = 3.66 m
Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Check valves + Gate valves
= (3 × 3.4) + (1 × 27) + (1 × 34)
= 71.2 m
Effective pipe = Pipe length + Equivalent pipe
= 3.66 + 71.2
= 74.86 m
Head consumed = Effective pipe × Loss of head
= 74.86 × 0.067
= 5.02 m
Total friction head = 5.02 × 20 % = 6.02 m
ρgQh
Pump size =
1000 × ηmotor × ηpump

1000  9.8110.3 10−3  6.02

=
1000 × 0.8 × 0.8
= 0.95 kW
= 1.3 hp ~ 1.5 hp
3. Pipe length = 25.06 m
Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Check valves + Gate valves
 126

= (4 × 3.4) + (1 × 27) + (1 × 34)

= 74.6 m
Effective pipe = Pipe length + Equivalent pipe
= 25.06 + 74.6
= 99.6 m
Head consumed = Effective pipe× Loss of head
= 99.6 × 0.067
= 6.68 m
Total friction head = 6.68 × 20 % = 8 m
ρgQh
Pump size =
1000 × ηmotor × ηpump

1000  9.8110.3 10−3  8

=
1000 × 0.8 × 0.8
= 1.26 kW
= 1.7 hp ~ 2 hp
4. Pipe length = 3.66 m
Equivalent pipe = Elbow + Check valves + Gate valves
= (3 × 3.4) + (1 × 27) + (1 × 34)
= 71.2 m
Effective pipe = Pipe length + Equivalent pipe
= 3.66 + 71.2
= 74.86 m
Head consumed = Effective pipe× Loss of head
= 74.86 × 0.067
= 5.02 m
Total friction head = 5.02 × 20 % = 6.02 m
ρgQh
Pump size =
1000 × ηmotor × ηpump

1000  9.8110.3 10−3  6.02

=
1000 × 0.8 × 0.8
= 0.95 kW
= 1.3 hp ~ 1.5 hp