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«In principle, private and protected members of a class cannot
be accessed from outside the class in which they are declared.
- A friend (function or class) of a class may access the members
designated as private or protected.
+ Friends are functions/methods or classes declared as such within a
class.
+ Friends are not members, so they are not inherited from a
superclass.
» Widely criticized for being a “rogue feature”:
» Makes the language more complex to implement.
+ Breach of the information hiding principle.
+ If overused, creates a proliferation of exceptions to information hiding, and
thus confusion in the design.
(pt osaeit EeewrEunetion: cRectangle duplicate (CRectangle rectparam)
include cRectangle rectres;
using namespace std; rectres width = ractparan.wideht2;
rectres.neight = rectparam.height*2
class CRectangle { return (rectres):
private:
int width, height; ae.
putes cRectangle rect, rect
rect.set_values (2,3)
void set_values (int, int);
recth = dglicate (neat);
fea () {return (width * height) ;} cout << rectb.area();
‘friend CRectangle duplicate (CRectangle); ——ceturn 0;
ye A Free Function neds +0 be otriend.
40 OKESS AdtriloureS
