CLOUD

COMPUTING
SESSION 1
• Introduction to cloud
• What computing paradigms are there?
• Characteristics and benefits
• Understanding Cloud Vendors
(AWS/Azure/GCP)
• Definition
• Characteristics
• Components
 Why Cloud Computing?

Hi Sam, I'm about to start a

Company.
Can you list down the resources Desktops, Servers, Softwares,
I will need to setup on-premise Network, Tech Team, Space,
infrastructure? Cooling, Power etc.,

On-
Premise

Cloud
Computing
WHY CLOUD COMPUTING
 WHAT IS CLOUD COMPUTING
"Cloud Computing is a model for
enabling ubiquitous, convenient,
on-demand network access to a
shared pool of configurable
computing resources (e.g.
networks, servers, storage,
applications and services) that
can be rapidly provisioned and
released with minimal
management effort or service
provider interaction."
 The Term
“Cloud”?
c Common - implies multi-tenancy, not single.

L Location-independent

O Online

U Utility implies pay for use pricing model

D Demand implies ~immediate ~invisible scalability

WHAT COMPUTING PARADIGMS ARE THERE?
PARALLEL FOG
COMPUTING COMPUTING

DISTRIBUTED EDGE
COMPUTING COMPUTING

Computing
Paradigms
CLOUD UTILITY
COMPUTING COMPUTING

CLUSTER GRID
COMPUTING COMPUTING
 WHAT COMPUTING PARADIGMS ARE THERE?
• Distributed Computing : Multiple computers work together over a network.

• Parallel Computing : Tasks are split and processed simultaneously.

• Cluster Computing : Connected computers act as a single system.

• Grid Computing : Combines resources from different locations.

• Utility Computing : Pay-as-you-go computing services.

• Edge Computing : Processes data near the data source.

• Fog Computing : Extends cloud services closer to devices.

• Cloud Computing : Delivers IT resources over the internet.

 DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING

A computing model where multiple computers connected over a network work

together on a single problem.

The problem is divided into sub-problems,

and each system solves a part independently.

• Improve performance & speed

• Provide fault tolerance
• Enable scalability for large tasks
 PARALLEL COMPUTING
Parallel Computing is a model where multiple processors work
simultaneously to solve a problem by executing instructions concurrently.

A problem is divided into sub-problems,

which are further split into instructions
that run in parallel on different
processors.

• Save time
• Achieve concurrency
• Maximize CPU
utilization
 CLUSTER COMPUTING
Cluster Computing is a computing model where two or more independent
computers (called nodes) work together as a single system to complete tasks.

These nodes are interconnected and

collaborate to enhance computing
power.

• Improve performance
• Enable scalability
• Ensure simplicity and
reliability
 GRID COMPUTING
Grid Computing is a model where a network of geographically distributed computers
work together to perform complex tasks that are too large for a single system.

These systems form a virtual

supercomputer, sharing resources like
CPU, memory, and data.

• Solve high-computation
problems
• Reduce processing time
• Boost productivity
 UTILITY COMPUTING
Utility Computing is a model in which a service provider rents IT resources—
hardware, software, storage, or compute power—on-demand and bills customers only
for what they use, not a flat rate.

• Maximize resource usage

• Improve cost-efficiency by paying only
for what is used
 EDGE COMPUTING
Edge Computing is a model where data processing and computation are performed
closer to the data source (e.g., user devices, IoT sensors), rather than relying
entirely on centralized cloud servers.

This reduces the need for long-distance

communication between the client and
the server.

• Reduce latency
• Improve real-time responsiveness
• Enable faster decision-making by
computing at the network’s edge
 FOG COMPUTING
Fog Computing is a distributed computing model that sits between the cloud and
data-producing devices (such as sensors and IoT devices), enabling computation,
storage, and networking closer to the source.

This approach, also called "fogging,"

helps in reducing latency and optimizing
data processing.

• Improve network efficiency

• Enhance performance by processing data
closer to the source
• Reduce latency and bandwidth usage
 CLOUD COMPUTING
Cloud Computing is the delivery of on-demand computing services (like storage,
processing power, and software) over the internet, on a pay-as-you-go basis, using
remote servers rather than local infrastructure.

• Scalable: Resources can be scaled up or

down based on need
• Pay-as-you-go: Customers only pay for the
resources they use
• Distributed: Services are hosted in multiple
data centers globally
• Network-based: Services are delivered
through the internet
CHARACTERSTICKS CLOUD COMPUTING

On-demand
self-services

Broad
network
Rapid
access
elasticity
Cloud

Resource Measured
pooling service
 CHARACTERSTICKS CLOUD COMPUTING
On-Demand Self-Service :
Users can provision, monitor, and manage computing resources automatically without
human interaction.

Broad Network Access :

Services are available over standard networks and can be accessed via various devices
(laptops, mobiles, tablets, etc.).

Rapid Elasticity :
Resources can scale up or down quickly based on demand. Services are provisioned
instantly and released when no longer needed.

Resource Pooling :
Shared resources (servers, storage, networks, etc.) serve multiple users dynamically,
offering flexibility and efficiency.

Measured Service :
Resource usage is monitored and recorded, enabling transparent billing and optimized
resource allocation.
 BENEFITS OF CLOUD COMPUTING
Work Collaboration Uptime
Cost
Savings

Price Flexibility
Mobility

Benefits of Cloud
Computing
for Business

Reliability Infrastructure

Backup Quality Control

Resource Pooling
UNDERSTANDING CLOUD VENDORS
 AMAZON WEB SERVICES (AWS)
Overview:
• AWS is a comprehensive and widely adopted cloud platform by Amazon.
• Offers IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS solutions.

Types of Cloud Services:

• IaaS: EC2 (virtual servers), VPC, S3 (storage), EBS.
• PaaS: AWS Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, RDS.
• SaaS: AWS WorkMail, AWS Chime.

Key Features:
• Highly scalable and flexible.
• Global infrastructure with data centers in multiple regions.
• Pay-as-you-go pricing model.

Use Cases:
• Web hosting, big data processing, machine learning, app development.
 DROPBOX
Overview:
• Dropbox is a SaaS platform that focuses on cloud storage and collaboration.
• Allows users to store, sync, and share files easily.

Type of Cloud Service:

• SaaS (Software as a Service)

Key Features:
• Cloud-based file storage and synchronization.
• Team collaboration tools (comments, shared folders).
• File recovery and version history.

Use Cases:
• Personal file backup.
• Business document sharing and collaboration.
• Remote access to files from any device.
 GOOGLE CLOUD PLATFORM (GCP)
Overview:
• GCP is Google’s suite of cloud computing services.
• Provides IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS.

Types of Cloud Services:

• IaaS: Compute Engine, Cloud Storage, Virtual Networks.
• PaaS: App Engine, Cloud Functions, Cloud SQL.
• SaaS: Google Workspace (Docs, Sheets, Gmail, Meet).

Key Features:
• Strong AI/ML tools (e.g., Vertex AI).
• High-performance global network.
• Cost-effective and environmentally friendly.

Use Cases:
• AI/ML development, data analytics, app deployment, collaboration tools.
TYPES OF CLOUD COMPUTING
Cloud

Community
 CLOUD DEPLOYMENT MODEL
Public Cloud Private Cloud
Typically have massive amounts of available space, Usually reside behind a firewall and are utilized by a
which translates into easy scalability. Recommended for single organization. Recommended for businesses
software development and collaborative projects. with very tight regulatory requirements

Deployment Models

Community Cloud
Hybrid Cloud
A collaborative, multi-tenant platform used by several
Combine public clouds with private clouds to allow the two distinct organizations to share the same applications.
platforms to interact seamlessly. Recommended for
Users are typically operating within the same industry or
businesses balancing big data analytics with strict data privacy
field.
regulations.
CLOUD SERVICE MODELS
SPLIT OF RESPOSIBILITY
CLOUD NETWORK TOPOLOGY
Cloud Service
SaaS PaaS
IaaS

Daa
S

Cloud
Provider
Internet
Provider
CLOUD COMPONENTS
Application

Middleware

Hypervisor

Hardware
Resources
CLOUD LAYER ARCHITECHURE
 HARDWARE RESOURCES
Physical infrastructure that powers the cloud.
CPU
Components:
• Servers, CPUs, memory, storage drives, network equipment,
power systems.

• Foundation for virtualized resources and services.

• Hosted in data centers and accessed remotely.

• High availability and performance.

• Redundancy and fault tolerance.
• Supports virtualization and scalability
 HYPERVISORS
• The most important component of cloud

• The term "hypervisor" is considered the supervisor of "supervisors".

• It is a thin layer software

• A hypervisor, also known as a Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM), is a layer of

virtualization software that allows the creation and running of several virtual
machines within a single server, as well as different operating systems.

• The server where the hypervisor runs one or more virtual machines is commonly
known as a "host machine", while each individual VM is commonly known as a
"guest machine".

• Dynamically Partitioning and Sharing the physical resources such as CPU, storage,
memory and I/O devices.
HYPERVISORS
 CLOUD MIDDLEWARE
Management and Monitoring

A software platform that sits between Resource

an application/device and another scheduler

Key Features
application/device.
Data management

Identity/Security management
Openstack User
Apache Cloudstack
OpenNebula Interfaces and portale
Amazon EC2
Google Cloud Engine
Microsoft Azure Billing and metering
 APPLICATION
Applications are the software programs delivered to end-users via
the cloud.

Role in Cloud:
• Users interact with cloud services through applications (e.g.,
web apps, mobile apps).

Examples:
• Google Docs, Salesforce, Dropbox, Microsoft 365.
LIFE-CYCLE OF A CLOUD COMPUTING SOLUTION
Define Cloud Develop an
Computing Srategy Implementation
Roadmap

Evaluate Busiress
Needs vs. Cloud Develop Cloud
START Computing Benefits Architecture Blue
Print

CLOUD LIFE
Cloud CYCLE Develop an
Management Implementation
Plan

Cloud Develop a
Training Transition Plan

Deploy
Resources and Build the Cloud
Applications