Switching
Switching is a fundamental technology ,that enables efficient, secure and scalable
communication in a computer networks.
It is essential for connecting networking devices, optimizing bandwidth
utilization and sharing resources efficiently.
Types of Switching
Circuit Switching
Circuit Switching
• Circuit switching takes place at physical layer
• Dedicated path
• It is efficient for voice not for data transmission
• Used in Telephone network
• Low efficiency
• Low Delay time
• Data in order
• Resource use
Communication takes place in three phases
1. Setup phase
2. Data –transfer phase
3. Teardown phase
Packet switching
• It is the process of transmitting data in small units called as packets.
In packet switching, data that is to be transmitted is split into smaller
units.
• A small header of the source and destination nodes is added to each
such small data unit, to form packet.
• It works at DLL layer and Network layer
• Two types: 1. Virtual-circuit switching: It works on Network layer
2. Datagram Switching : It works on DLL Network layer
Datagram Switching
Datagram Switching
• Connection is not established before transmission. Hence called connectionless packet
switching.
• Each packet has header information and data.
• Each packet of a data session/flow is independently handled by the network, with no
correlation between other packets in the flow.
• Each packet of a flow need not follow the same path between the source and destination
nodes and may take different routes.
• Robust- if one path fails, packets can take another.
• Packets my arrive out of order, requiring reassembly
• More Overhead due to each packet routing independently
• Efficient utilization of bandwidth
• Packets are routed independently. They may experience variable delays
Virtual-Circuit Switching
• It is also called as connection-oriented packet switching because a
logical (not physical) connection is first established between sender
and receiver, before data transfer starts.
• The dedicate path is established before transmission. This is done by
reservation.
• Packets arrive in order.
• Efficiency is low
• Delay is low
• More complex set up process.
• Less overhead as first packet carry global header,rest of packets do
not require to carry global header
Virtual-Circuit Switching
• A source and destination need to go through three phases in a virtual-
circuit network: setup, data transfer, and teardown.
• setup phase, the source and destination use their global addresses to
help switches make table entries for the connection.
• In the teardown phase, the source and destination inform the
switches to delete the corresponding entry.
• Data transfer occurs between these two phases.
Set up Phase: First step
Set up Phase: Second step-Acknowledgement
Message Switching
• With message switching there is no need to establish a dedicated path
between two stations.
• When a station sends a message, the destination address is appended
to the message.
• The message is then transmitted through the network, in its entirety,
from node to node.
• Each node receives the entire message, stores it in its entirety on disk,
and then transmits the message to the next node.
• This type of network is called a store-and-forward network.
Message Switching
Message Switching
