Science 10 - Practice Exam

80 Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who proposed the atomic model where electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed shells?

A) Dalton

B) Thomson

C) Rutherford

D) Bohr

2. What is the charge of a sodium ion (Na⁺)?

A) +1

B) -1

C) 0

D) +2

3. Which of the following is an ionic compound?

A) CO₂

B) NaCl

C) O₂

D) CH₄

4. What prefix is used in molecular compounds to indicate two atoms?

A) Mono-

B) Di-
 C) Tri-

D) Tetra-

5. What is the correct formula for calcium chloride?

A) CaCl

B) CaCl₂

C) Ca₂Cl

D) CaCl₃

6. Which scientist discovered the electron?

A) Rutherford

B) Dalton

C) Thomson

D) Bohr

7. What does the atomic number represent?

A) Number of protons

B) Number of neutrons

C) Number of electrons

D) Atomic mass

8. Which of these elements is a halogen?

A) Oxygen

B) Fluorine

C) Neon

D) Calcium
9. What is the valence electron count for carbon?

A) 2

B) 4

C) 6

D) 8

10. Which of the following is a molecular compound?

A) NaCl

B) CO₂

C) MgO

D) CaO

11. What is the charge on an oxide ion?

A) -1

B) -2

C) +1

D) +2

12. Which element typically forms a +2 charge ion?

A) Sodium

B) Calcium

C) Chlorine

D) Nitrogen

13. Which is NOT a property of ionic compounds?

B) Conduct electricity when dissolved

C) Low melting points

D) Form crystal lattices

14. What is the name of Fe³⁺ ion?

A) Iron(I)

B) Iron(II)

C) Iron(III)

D) Iron

15. Which model of the atom introduced the concept of energy levels?

A) Dalton

B) Thomson

C) Rutherford

D) Bohr

16. What is the formula for diphosphorus pentoxide?

A) P₂O₅

B) PO₅

C) P₅O₂

D) P₂O

17. Which subatomic particle has no charge?

A) Electron

B) Proton
 C) Neutron

D) Positron

18. What is the name of Na₂O?

A) Sodium oxide

B) Sodium monoxide

C) Sodium peroxide

D) Sodium dioxide

19. What is the charge of a chloride ion?

A) -1

B) +1

C) -2

D) 0

20. Which scientist conducted the gold foil experiment?

A) Dalton

B) Thomson

C) Rutherford

D) Bohr

21. What is the basic unit of life?

A) Organ

B) Cell

C) Tissue

D) Molecule
22. Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

A) Nucleus

B) Ribosome

C) Mitochondria

D) Chloroplast

23. What process do plants use to make food?

A) Photosynthesis

B) Respiration

C) Fermentation

D) Transpiration

24. Which gas do plants take in for photosynthesis?

A) Oxygen

B) Carbon dioxide

C) Nitrogen

D) Hydrogen

25. What is DNA made up of?

A) Amino acids

B) Nucleotides

C) Fatty acids

D) Monosaccharides

26. What carries genetic information?

B) RNA

C) DNA

D) Lipids

27. Which blood cells help fight infection?

A) Red blood cells

B) White blood cells

C) Platelets

D) Plasma

28. What is the function of roots in plants?

A) Absorb water

B) Make food

C) Provide support

D) Produce seeds

29. What process breaks down glucose to release energy?

A) Photosynthesis

B) Cellular respiration

C) Fermentation

D) Digestion

30. Where does cellular respiration occur in cells?

A) Nucleus

B) Mitochondria
 C) Ribosome

D) Chloroplast

31. Which part of the brain controls balance?

A) Cerebrum

B) Cerebellum

C) Medulla

D) Hypothalamus

32. What type of organism makes its own food?

A) Consumer

B) Producer

C) Decomposer

D) Parasite

33. What is the main function of the circulatory system?

A) Digestion

B) Transport of nutrients and oxygen

C) Excretion

D) Reproduction

34. Which process results in two identical daughter cells?

A) Meiosis

B) Mitosis

C) Fertilization

D) Mutation
35. Which organ filters blood in the human body?

A) Liver

B) Kidney

C) Lung

D) Heart

36. What is the liquid part of blood called?

A) Plasma

B) Serum

C) Platelets

D) Hemoglobin

37. Which organelle is found only in plant cells?

A) Mitochondria

B) Chloroplast

C) Nucleus

D) Ribosome

38. Which gas do animals inhale for respiration?

A) Carbon dioxide

B) Oxygen

C) Nitrogen

D) Hydrogen

39. What do enzymes do in the body?

B) Slow down chemical reactions

C) Destroy cells

D) Provide energy

40. What molecule carries oxygen in red blood cells?

A) Hemoglobin

B) Chlorophyll

C) Glucose

D) Insulin

41. What is the formula for speed?

A) Distance × Time

B) Distance ÷ Time

C) Time ÷ Distance

D) Mass × Acceleration

42. Which force pulls objects toward Earth?

A) Magnetic force

B) Gravity

C) Friction

D) Electric force

43. What is energy measured in?

A) Joules

B) Watts
 C) Newtons

D) Meters

44. What does Newton's first law state?

A) For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

B) Objects in motion stay in motion unless acted on by a force

C) Force equals mass times acceleration

D) Energy cannot be created or destroyed

45. What kind of energy is stored in food?

A) Kinetic energy

B) Thermal energy

C) Chemical energy

D) Electrical energy

46. What is the unit of force?

A) Newton

B) Joule

C) Watt

D) Meter

47. Which energy transformation happens in a flashlight?

A) Chemical to light

B) Light to chemical

C) Sound to light

D) Thermal to kinetic
48. What is the acceleration due to gravity on Earth?

A) 9.8 m/s²

B) 10 m/s²

C) 5 m/s²

D) 15 m/s²

49. What is the force that opposes motion called?

A) Gravity

B) Friction

C) Magnetism

D) Electricity

50. What type of energy does a stretched rubber band have?

A) Kinetic energy

B) Potential energy

C) Thermal energy

D) Chemical energy

51. Which law explains why seatbelts are important?

A) Newton's first law

B) Newton's second law

C) Newton's third law

D) Law of conservation of energy

52. What is power measured in?

B) Watts

C) Newtons

D) Volts

53. What kind of wave is sound?

A) Transverse

B) Longitudinal

C) Electromagnetic

D) Radio

54. What do we call the distance between two wave crests?

A) Amplitude

B) Wavelength

C) Frequency

D) Speed

55. What type of energy is associated with motion?

A) Potential energy

B) Kinetic energy

C) Chemical energy

D) Nuclear energy

56. What is the SI unit of electric current?

A) Ampere

B) Volt
 C) Ohm

D) Watt

57. Which device converts electrical energy to mechanical energy?

A) Motor

B) Generator

C) Transformer

D) Battery

58. What force keeps planets in orbit around the sun?

A) Magnetic force

B) Gravity

C) Friction

D) Nuclear force

59. What happens to the speed of light in a vacuum?

A) Slows down

B) Speeds up

C) Remains constant

D) Stops

60. What is the energy of a wave related to?

A) Amplitude

B) Frequency

C) Wavelength

D) Speed
61. Which gas is the most abundant greenhouse gas in Earth's atmosphere?

A) Carbon dioxide

B) Methane

C) Water vapor

D) Nitrous oxide

62. What human activity contributes the most to increased greenhouse gases?

A) Deforestation

B) Burning fossil fuels

C) Agriculture

D) Industrial waste

63. What is the main cause of global warming?

A) Increased solar activity

B) Greenhouse gas emissions

C) Volcanic eruptions

D) Earth's orbit changes

64. Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?

A) Troposphere

B) Stratosphere

C) Mesosphere

D) Thermosphere

65. What effect does deforestation have on the carbon cycle?

B) Decreases carbon storage

C) No effect

D) Converts carbon to oxygen

66. What is an example of renewable energy?

A) Coal

B) Oil

C) Solar

D) Natural gas

67. Which country emits the most carbon dioxide?

A) USA

B) China

C) India

D) Russia

68. What do we call the long-term average of weather conditions?

A) Climate

B) Weather

C) Temperature

D) Humidity

69. Which gas is released by cows and contributes to greenhouse gases?

A) Methane

B) Carbon dioxide
 C) Oxygen

D) Nitrous oxide

70. What is the main source of energy driving the Earth's climate system?

A) The Moon

B) The Sun

C) Volcanoes

D) Human activity

71. What is the term for the gradual increase in Earth's average temperature?

A) Global warming

B) Climate change

C) Ozone depletion

D) Acid rain

72. Which greenhouse gas has the highest global warming potential?

A) Carbon dioxide

B) Methane

C) Nitrous oxide

D) Water vapor

73. What is the Kyoto Protocol?

A) An agreement to reduce greenhouse gases

B) A climate disaster

C) A type of renewable energy

D) A weather pattern
74. Which process releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere?

A) Photosynthesis

B) Respiration

C) Combustion

D) Transpiration

75. What do we call plants that absorb carbon dioxide?

A) Producers

B) Consumers

C) Decomposers

D) Herbivores

76. Which of these is NOT a fossil fuel?

A) Coal

B) Natural gas

C) Wind

D) Oil

77. What layer protects Earth from harmful UV rays?

A) Ozone layer

B) Troposphere

C) Stratosphere

D) Mesosphere

78. What is the greenhouse effect?

B) Cooling the Earth

C) Blocking sunlight

D) Increasing oxygen

79. Which human activity contributes to acid rain?

A) Burning fossil fuels

B) Planting trees

C) Driving electric cars

D) Using solar panels

80. What is the primary cause of ocean acidification?

A) Carbon dioxide dissolving in seawater

B) Oil spills

C) Plastic pollution

D) Overfishing