16 Chapter 1 Combinatorial Analysis

PROBLEMS

1. (a) How many different 7-place license plates are 10. In how many ways can 8 people be seated in a
possible if the first 2 places are for letters and row if
the other 5 for numbers? (a) there are no restrictions on the seating
(b) Repeat part (a) under the assumption that no arrangement?
letter or number can be repeated in a single (b) persons A and B must sit next to each other?
license plate. (c) there are 4 men and 4 women and no 2 men
2. How many outcome sequences are possible when a or 2 women can sit next to each other?
die is rolled four times, where we say, for instance, (d) there are 5 men and they must sit next to each
that the outcome is 3, 4, 3, 1 if the first roll landed other?
on 3, the second on 4, the third on 3, and the fourth (e) there are 4 married couples and each couple
on 1? must sit together?
3. Twenty workers are to be assigned to 20 different 11. In how many ways can 3 novels, 2 mathematics
jobs, one to each job. How many different assign- books, and 1 chemistry book be arranged on a
ments are possible? bookshelf if
4. John, Jim, Jay, and Jack have formed a band con- (a) the books can be arranged in any order?
sisting of 4 instruments. If each of the boys can play (b) the mathematics books must be together and
all 4 instruments, how many different arrange- the novels must be together?
ments are possible? What if John and Jim can play (c) the novels must be together, but the other
all 4 instruments, but Jay and Jack can each play books can be arranged in any order?
only piano and drums? 12. Five separate awards (best scholarship, best lead-
5. For years, telephone area codes in the United ership qualities, and so on) are to be presented to
States and Canada consisted of a sequence of three selected students from a class of 30. How many dif-
digits. The first digit was an integer between 2 and ferent outcomes are possible if
9, the second digit was either 0 or 1, and the third (a) a student can receive any number of awards?
digit was any integer from 1 to 9. How many area (b) each student can receive at most 1 award?
codes were possible? How many area codes start-
13. Consider a group of 20 people. If everyone shakes
ing with a 4 were possible?
6. A well-known nursery rhyme starts as follows: hands with everyone else, how many handshakes
“As I was going to St. Ives take place?
I met a man with 7 wives. 14. How many 5-card poker hands are there?
Each wife had 7 sacks. 15. A dance class consists of 22 students, of which 10
are women and 12 are men. If 5 men and 5 women
Each sack had 7 cats.
are to be chosen and then paired off, how many
Each cat had 7 kittens. . .” results are possible?
How many kittens did the traveler meet? 16. A student has to sell 2 books from a collection of
7. (a) In how many ways can 3 boys and 3 girls sit in 6 math, 7 science, and 4 economics books. How
a row? many choices are possible if
(b) In how many ways can 3 boys and 3 girls sit in (a) both books are to be on the same subject?
a row if the boys and the girls are each to sit (b) the books are to be on different subjects?
together?
17. Seven different gifts are to be distributed among
(c) In how many ways if only the boys must sit
10 children. How many distinct results are possible
together?
if no child is to receive more than one gift?
(d) In how many ways if no two people of the
same sex are allowed to sit together? 18. A committee of 7, consisting of 2 Republicans,
8. How many different letter arrangements can be 2 Democrats, and 3 Independents, is to be cho-
made from the letters sen from a group of 5 Republicans, 6 Democrats,
(a) Fluke? and 4 Independents. How many committees are
(b) Propose? possible?
(c) Mississippi? 19. From a group of 8 women and 6 men, a committee
(d) Arrange? consisting of 3 men and 3 women is to be formed.
9. A child has 12 blocks, of which 6 are black, 4 are How many different committees are possible if
red, 1 is white, and 1 is blue. If the child puts the (a) 2 of the men refuse to serve together?
blocks in a line, how many arrangements are pos- (b) 2 of the women refuse to serve together?
sible? (c) 1 man and 1 woman refuse to serve together?
 Problems 17

20. A person has 8 friends, of whom 5 will be invited in different beds in the same room, how many
to a party. assignments are possible?
(a) How many choices are there if 2 of the friends 24. Expand (3x2 + y)5 .
are feuding and will not attend together? 25. The game of bridge is played by 4 players, each of
(b) How many choices if 2 of the friends will only whom is dealt 13 cards. How many bridge deals are
attend together? possible?
21. Consider the grid of points shown here. Suppose 26. Expand (x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 )4 .
that, starting at the point labeled A, you can go one 27. If 12 people are to be divided into 3 committees of
step up or one step to the right at each move. This respective sizes 3, 4, and 5, how many divisions are
procedure is continued until the point labeled B is possible?
reached. How many different paths from A to B 28. If 8 new teachers are to be divided among 4
are possible? schools, how many divisions are possible? What if
Hint: Note that to reach B from A, you must take each school must receive 2 teachers?
4 steps to the right and 3 steps upward. 29. Ten weight lifters are competing in a team weight-
lifting contest. Of the lifters, 3 are from the United
States, 4 are from Russia, 2 are from China, and 1
B is from Canada. If the scoring takes account of the
countries that the lifters represent, but not their
individual identities, how many different outcomes
are possible from the point of view of scores? How
many different outcomes correspond to results in
which the United States has 1 competitor in the
top three and 2 in the bottom three?
30. Delegates from 10 countries, including Russia,
France, England, and the United States, are to
be seated in a row. How many different seat-
ing arrangements are possible if the French and
A
English delegates are to be seated next to each
other and the Russian and U.S. delegates are not
to be next to each other?
∗ 31. If 8 identical blackboards are to be divided among
22. In Problem 21, how many different paths are there
from A to B that go through the point circled in 4 schools, how many divisions are possible? How
the following lattice? many if each school must receive at least 1 black-
board?
∗ 32. An elevator starts at the basement with 8 peo-
ple (not including the elevator operator) and dis-
B charges them all by the time it reaches the top
floor, number 6. In how many ways could the oper-
ator have perceived the people leaving the eleva-
tor if all people look alike to him? What if the 8
people consisted of 5 men and 3 women and the
operator could tell a man from a woman?
∗ 33. We have 20 thousand dollars that must be invested
among 4 possible opportunities. Each investment
must be integral in units of 1 thousand dollars,
and there are minimal investments that need to be
A made if one is to invest in these opportunities. The
minimal investments are 2, 2, 3, and 4 thousand
dollars. How many different investment strategies
are available if
23. A psychology laboratory conducting dream (a) an investment must be made in each opportu-
research contains 3 rooms, with 2 beds in each nity?
room. If 3 sets of identical twins are to be assigned (b) investments must be made in at least 3 of the
to these 6 beds so that each set of twins sleeps 4 opportunities?