PODAR INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, AMRAVATI

Class 10th English

NOTES
Topic: Analytical paragraph
Teacher: Mr. Krushna Pal

4. Writing an analytical paragraph on the basis of the given outline/map/ chart/

report/ line graph etc. in about 100-120 words.
10marks.
EXERCISE 1. UNSOLVED

STAY HOME, GET HEALTHY & SAVE LIVES

 Analytical Paragraph Writing Format
Part II
An analytical paragraph shall be divided into three parts-

i.Introduction
ii.Body of the paragraph and;
iii.Conclusion

Format of Analytical paragraph writing

Introduction
(explain in one or two lines the subject of the graph given)
Body
(explain in detail what the graph is about, use relevant figures, explain trends, make
comparisons and contrasts, divide into sub paragraphs, if required)
Conclusion
(conclude the paragraph giving the overall view or summary of the graph)

Let us discuss each of these in detail -

1. The introduction
The introduction is the first paragraph that should describe in brief what the graph is
about. It should be like an opening paragraph that introduces the reader to the context
of the chart given. When writing the introductory paragraph, you need not go into the
details. You just need to mention what is clearly evident from the chart or the graph
given in the question. It is best to write the introduction in one or two lines.
2. The body of the paragraph
This part of the analytical paragraph should contain details of the graph/chart given in
the question. It should contain all the important information. It is extremely important to
choose the significant details that should be included in the paragraph.
The body can be broken into two or three sub-paragraphs depending on the
information extracted from the graph. Breaking the body into subparagraphs makes
it easy for the reader to understand.
i. Organizing information: You should look for the large differences that are very
prominent. You can mention the aspect which is the smallest or the largest in the data
given. Any aspects that are similar should be mentioned next. You should further
mention about the aspect that has remained unchanged or constant throughout.
ii. Comparing information: If the chart mentions two different parties, for example,
men and women, refer to both of them in the analytical paragraph. If there is any
contrast or comparison that could be drawn, you must present it effectively. If the chart
is about a particular time period or highlights trends of several years, mention each
year in a concise manner. If any comparison or contrast can be done for two or more
years, you should write about it too.
iii. Mentioning quantities: When including numbers and figures, their accuracy must
be ensured. There are a number of ways that can be used to describe quantities, for
example- percentage, fraction, ratios, etc.
 iv. Connecting sentences: If different information or ideas are there, you should use
connectors or linking phrases to link them logically. The sentences of the paragraph
should be sequential and connected rationally.
3. The conclusion
The last paragraph should summarise the idea mentioned and the information in
general. It should be concluding in nature and act as the closing statement. One should
keep in mind that one must not include any personal opinions, conclusions, or
observations. You should simply stick to the facts.
You need not dispose of the information to write a good analytical paragraph. The key
is to choose wisely the important information, organize it well, state correct facts and
summarise it properly.

Useful tips for writing an analytical paragraph

i.For an introduction, you can start with the following phrases-
i.The chart given above describes
ii.The table suggests
iii.The line graph shows
iv.The data given provides information about
v.The pie chart illustrates, etc.

ii. For describing trends, use phrases and words like- a pattern of growth, rapidly
doubled, skyrocketed, striking increase, peaked, soaring rates, declined, plummeted,
leveled off, stagnated, fluctuate, starting to rise, starting to fall, drop down, slightly, etc.
iii. For describing quantities, use various styles like- 48% of, one-third of, nearly one-
fourth of, almost 80%, majority, on average, twice as much, almost equal, the highest,
the lowest, very close to 2%, roughly, approximately 5% of, just under three percent,
etc.
iv. For establishing a relationship or contrast, use phrases and words like- relationship
between, similarly, in contrast with, in comparison to, but in the opposite case,
however, whereas, when it comes to, as opposed to, while, striking difference,
noticeable difference, etc.
v. For the conclusion and other connecting phrases use- overall, subsequently, in all,
in a nutshell, for the chart given, in short, striking changes, including, therefore, etc.

Analytical paragraphs- Examples, samples

Question 1: Below is a graph given showing birth and death rates in a country
from 1901 to 2101. Write an analytical paragraph (100-150 words).

Answer 1:
The graph shows birth and death rates starting from 1901 till 2101.
Since 1901, the birth rate has remained more than the death rate until 2041. Birth rate
was 20000 in 1901 and started increasing gradually. It peaked in 1961 to around
65000. From 1961, birth rate has fluctuated multiple times between 50000 and 60000.
It is expected to decline for the coming years reaching approximately 42000 by 2101.
On the other hand, the death rate stood at around 10000 in 1901 and then has
increased steadily. It is expected to rise strikingly from 2021 before levelling off to
approximately 60000 between 2061 and 2081. The graph indicates a slight decline in
deaths in the year 2101.
The graph shows the huge gap between birth rate and death during 1961 to 2001.
However, this gap is expected to reduce in the later years. Overall, as opposed to the
prevailing trends, the death rate will be more than the birth rate in the later half of the
21st century.

Question 2: The chart shows the division of household tasks by gender in Great
Britain. Write an analytical paragraph describing the chart given in not more than
200 words.
Answer 2:
The chart shows the number of minutes per day spent by British men and women in
doing household tasks. On an average, the women spend about four hours doing
household tasks whereas the men spend less than two and half hours.
The tasks on which women spend more time than men include cooking, cleaning
house, taking care of the children and laundry. In doing all these tasks, women spend
approximately 200 minutes which is almost three times the time spent by men in these
tasks. On the other hand, men spend twice the time than women in doing tasks like
gardening and maintenance of odd jobs in the house. Men spend the highest time,
almost 50 minutes, in gardening and petcare. While the women spend only 30 minutes
for these tasks. The time spent by men in washing, ironing and sewing clothes is as low
as 2 minutes per day as opposed to 25 minutes spent by women.
In short, women spend far more time doing household chores than men whilst men
prefer to do gardening, petcare and maintaining odd jobs.
Question 3: The pie chart shows the proportion of people from different
households living in poverty in the UK in 2002. Write an analytical paragraph to
describe the information in 100-120 words.

Answer 3:
The given pie chart illustrates seven different categories of households living in poverty
in the UK in 2002.
It is clearly evident from the pie chart that 26% of the total poverty-stricken households
are those of sole parents. Single people without children account for the second
highest proportion with 24%. In contrast to couples without children that accounts for
just 9%, couples with children account for 15% of the poor households. Single aged
persons and aged couples proportion for 12% together for poor households.
Overall, 14% of all households in the UK were living under poverty. The younger
generation had a greater poor percentage than their aged counterparts. Couples
without children had better economic conditions than those with children.
Question 4: The following table shows details about the internet activities for six
categories for different age groups. Write an analytical paragraph for the table
given in around 150-200 words.

Answer 4:
INTRO: The given table suggests the internet activities of seven age groups ranging
from teens to those in their seventies for six different kinds of activities.The table shows
that the younger generation is more interested in online games and news, while the
older generation spends time on the internet to research and buy products.
M.BODY: It is evident from the table that teens mainly use the internet for games (as
high as 81%), news and downloads and are interested in searching for people or
friends or doing any product research. The middle-age group (people in 20s to 60s) is
highly interested in getting news, doing product research and buying products, the
percentage ranging from 70-80%. The internet activity which gets the least time is
searching for people. All the age groups spend less than 30% of their internet time on
the same. The amount of time spent on downloads decreases with age and gets as low
as 6% (for people in 70s).
CON: Overall, the table suggests that teenagers are most likely to spend time playing
games and doing downloads. On the other side, older people are interested in
researching and buying products. People spend the least amount of time searching for
other people online.

Question 5: Below given are three pie charts showing consumption habits of
India, China and World overall in 2008. Write an analytical paragraph describing
the Line Graph (100-120 words).

Answer 5:
The three given pie charts depicts types of food consumption in 2008 as compared in
two countries- India and China. In general, processed food is the major type of food
eaten.
Processed food comprises as high as 41% of the global consumption. In China and
India as well, processed foods are consumed the most, the rate of consumption being
34% and 39% respectively. On an average, vegetables and fruits constitute 29% of
consumption. In China, vegetables and fruits comprise 32% of food consumption which
is 9% more than that of India. For Indians, animal food accounts for 27% of their diet,
exceeding Chinese food consumption by a striking 12%. However, nuts and seeds
comprise almost one-fifth of Chinese food habits. This is way more than the global
consumption of 4% and 11% of India.
Overall, world food consumption largely comprises processed food. Chinese
consumption of nuts and seeds is unbelievably higher than the average percentage.
Question 6: The graph given shows estimated sales of gold in Dubai in 2002.
Write an analytical paragraph describing the line graph in around 150 words.

Answer 6:
The line graph depicts the estimated sales of gold in Dubai for a period of twelve
months in 2002 in millions of Dirhams.
In January 2002, the sales stood at 200 million Dirhams. It steadily increased through
the next month and peaked to 350 million Dirhams in the third month of the year.
However, the gold sales started to plummet over the next three months and hit 110
million Dirhams in the month of July. Unexpectedly, the sales doubled in August before
coming down to the same level as in July for the month of September. For the next two
months of the year, the gold sales levelled off to 180 million Dirhams and then slightly
increased in December.
Overall, the estimated gold sales fluctuated in 2002. The sales were the highest in the
month of March and lowest in the months of July and September. The sales at the end
of the year were almost the same as they were in the beginning of the year.
Here we conclude the topic of Analytical paragraphs. As it is a new topic added to the
syllabus of Class 10, students need to prepare it well.

SOLVED EXAMPLES:
1-Study the chart given below, which is the result of the survey conducted in the public schools
and government schools of Vadodara. This depicts the types of activities the teenagers (Age
13- 19 years are involved during their leisure time). Complete the summary in about 80 words.

Teenagers and leisure time

Now a days the teenagers are more techno-savvy than the children used to be ten years back.
They do not play games like Ludo, Carrom, Chess and other indoor games. 9-18 % of boys and
girls in the age group of 13-19 years possess their own cell phones. In the survey conducted
recently on some 2000 students of two leading schools- one government and the other a public
school, the following facts were revealed. While the students from public schools spend more of
their leisure time in net-surfing and talking on cell phones, the government school students
spend it in watching TV and talking to their friends.
2- The following data in the form of histogram shows that death due to violence has increased
considerably during recent years. Write its interpretation in 100 words on how educated
youth can play a major role in establishing peace in society.

Role of youth in establishing peace in society

Youth and peace are interlinked in society. Youth can play an important role in establishing
peace in society. In a survey conducted, it has been found that number of deaths due to violence
has increased enormously since the nineties. Death rate in 1000s was 2.5 in 1990. But in 2010,
it has increased to 7.5. It is really very sad. It must be checked.

Our youth can play a major role in controlling this crime graph. They can contribute towards
establishing peace in many ways. They can awaken the people towards the necessity of peace.
They can help the police in catching the criminals. They can bring the criminals in the main
stream by educating them and they can do much more.

UNSOLVED EXAMPLES:
1- Study the graph given below, which is based on a survey done on students of tenth class in
three different types of schools in Ahmedabad. The chart depicts the number of students
speaking English and Hindi. On the basis of the details given in the bar-graph given below,
briefly summarize the data making comparison wherever necessary in about 80 words.

Hint- Compare the percentage of students speaking English and Hindi in all three schools giving
the possible reasons.
Begin Like this:-

In a study conducted on the students of class tenth of three various types of schools-
Government school, private school and a KV, it was observed that

2. As an aware citizen of the country, you are concerned about the increase in road accidents
in the metropolitan city Delhi. Interpret the data given below in about 80 words. Also use
your own ideas.

Horizontal line (x-axis) – years

Vertical line (y-axis)-No. of accidents

3-Give below is a pie-Chart, which shows different types of electric gadgets, used by middle-
class people in their houses on an average in Ahmedabad. On the basis and the unit
‘Science’ of your Main course Book; write in about 80 words the reason of selecting the
electric gadgets for their houses.

Take into consideration the price range, durability, lower electric consumption & after sales-
service.

Sample Paragraph
Global weather is warming leading to Arctic meltdown. Study the following pie chart
and write a brief paragraph on factors affecting global warming, in about 100 words.

Global warning is primarily a result of the greenhouse effect caused by too much
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere which acts as a blanket, trapping heat
Data Interpretation Solved Example for Class 10 CBSE
Diagnostic Test – 13
Study the pie chart given here and write a brief paragraph on water pollution in
about 100 words.

Water is undoubtedly the most precious natural resource (a) ………………………….

. We often disregard this threat by polluting, our rivers, lakes and oceans. The most
important cause for water pollution (b) ………………………….. in water bodies, (c)
………………………….. are dumped into urban water supplies, leading to water
pollution. Pollutants like (d) ………………………….. some of the major sources of
water pollution. Nitrates and phosphates contained in sewage and fertilizers, over-
stimulate the growth of aquatic plants which clog our waterways, (e)
…………………………. . Water pollution leads to the outbreak of numerous lethal
and contagious diseases.
Answer:
(a) as without water there would be no life on Earth
(b) is dumping of untreated domestic sewage in rivers
(c) Effluents from factories, refineries, injection wells and sewage treatment plants
(d) fertilizers and pesticides
(e) using up dissolved oxygen as they decompose

Data Interpretation Practice Example for Class 10 CBSE

1. You are Nisha/Nishant. As Secretary of the Literary Club of your school, you have
been asked to write a paragraph on the importance of reading. The following
histogram clearly states how irrelevant reading has become to the present
generation. Taking ideas from the histogram, write the paragraph in about 100
words.

2. The graph given below makes it quite clear that the number of female children
has drastically declined since 1991 even in the capital of the country. The number is
getting abysmally low in various states. Using the data given below together with
write a paragraph in about 100 words on the decreasing number of females in
thewords on the decreasing number of country about. Suggest measures to tackle
this