The Meaning and Definition of Art

Art is a broad term that refers to the expression or application of human creative skill and
imagination. It is typically in a visual form, like painting or sculpture, and is appreciated
primarily for its beauty or emotional power. Art can be a way to communicate ideas, tell
stories, express feelings, and explore different cultures and beliefs.

Uses and Original Art

Original Art is a unique, one-of-a-kind artwork created by an artist. It is not a copy or a

reproduction. Original art is valued for its authenticity and the direct connection to the artist's
hand.

Some of the many uses of art include:

 Communication: Art can convey messages and stories across different cultures and
time periods.
 Aesthetics: Art is used to create beauty and decorate our surroundings, from homes to
public spaces.
 Cultural Expression: Art helps to preserve and share the history, traditions, and
beliefs of a culture.
 Personal Expression: Artists use art to express their own feelings, thoughts, and
perspectives.
 Therapy: The process of creating and appreciating art can be a powerful tool for
emotional healing and well-being.

Branches of Art

Art is often divided into different branches, including:

 Visual Arts: This includes painting, drawing, sculpture, photography, and

printmaking.
 Performing Arts: This includes music, dance, and theater.
 Literary Arts: This includes poetry, prose, and drama.
 Applied Arts: This includes architecture, graphic design, and industrial design.

The Importance of Art

Art is important because it:

 Fosters creativity and imagination.

 Helps us understand ourselves and the world around us.
 Preserves history and culture.
 Encourages critical thinking and problem-solving.
 Provides a powerful way to express emotions and ideas.

Elements and Principles of Art and Design

The Elements of Art are the basic building blocks used to create a work of art. The
Principles of Design are the ways in which those elements are organized and arranged.

Elements of Design

 Line: A mark that has a greater length than it does width.

 Shape: A two-dimensional, flat, or enclosed area.
 Form: A three-dimensional object that has height, width, and depth.
 Color: The light reflected off objects. It has three properties: hue, value, and
intensity.
 Value: The lightness or darkness of a color.
 Space: The area around, between, or within objects.
 Texture: The surface quality of an object, or how it feels or looks like it feels.

Principles of Design

 Balance: The distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space.
 Emphasis: The part of the design that catches the viewer's attention.
 Movement: The path the viewer's eye takes through the artwork.
 Pattern: The repetition of an object or symbol all over the work of art.
 Repetition: The repeating of a single element multiple times in a design.
 Rhythm: Created by the regular repetition of elements to create a sense of movement.
 Proportion: The feeling of unity created when all parts of a design relate well with
each other.
 Variety: The use of several elements of design to hold the viewer's attention and
guide their eye through the work.
 Unity: The feeling of harmony between all parts of the work of art, which creates a
sense of completeness.

The Importance of Elements and Principles of Art to the Artist

Understanding the elements and principles of art is crucial for an artist because they are the
tools an artist uses to:

 Create Meaning: Artists use these tools to communicate a specific message or

emotion.
 Achieve Harmony: By organizing the elements effectively, artists can create a
visually pleasing and unified work.
 Develop Skills: Practicing with these fundamentals helps artists improve their
technical abilities and artistic expression.
 Analyze Art: Knowledge of these concepts allows artists to better understand and
critique their own work and the work of others.

Lines

Definition or Meaning of Lines

A line is a fundamental element of art, defined as a mark with a length that is significantly
greater than its width. It is a continuous mark made on a surface by a moving point. Lines can
be used to create shapes, define forms, and convey emotions.

Types of Lines

 Horizontal Lines: Lines that run from left to right, like the horizon. They suggest
calmness, rest, and stability.
 Vertical Lines: Lines that run up and down. They suggest strength, height, and
stability.
 Diagonal Lines: Lines that are slanted. They suggest movement, action, and
instability.
 Curved Lines: Lines that bend without an angle. They suggest softness, flow, and
graceful movement.
 Zigzag Lines: A series of diagonal lines that create sharp angles. They suggest
excitement, energy, and chaos.

Uses of Lines

 Creating Shapes: Lines can be joined together to create two-dimensional shapes like
squares and circles.
 Creating Form: Lines can be used to create the illusion of three-dimensional form
through techniques like cross-hatching and contour drawing.
 Defining Edges: Lines are used to outline the edges of objects and forms.
 Indicating Movement: Diagonal and curved lines can suggest movement and
direction in a drawing.
 Expressing Emotion: Different types of lines can convey different feelings. For
example, a jagged line might feel angry, while a smooth, curved line might feel
peaceful.

Objects with Lines

Lines can be found everywhere in the world around us. Examples include:

 The edge of a table (straight lines)

 The trunk of a tree (vertical lines)
 A winding river (curved lines)
 A lightning bolt (zigzag lines)
 A mountain range (diagonal and zigzag lines)

Drawing of Different Lines

 Straight Line: A simple, uncurving mark.

 Wavy Line: A line that moves up and down in gentle curves.
 Dashed Line: A line made up of a series of short, unconnected marks.
 Thick Line: A line with a lot of width.
 Thin Line: A line with very little width.
 Spiral Line: A line that curves in a continuous, coiling path.
I've created 50 multiple-choice questions based on the provided notes about art. The
questions cover the definitions, elements, principles, and types of lines in art.

Art Fundamentals: Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is a broad term that refers to the expression or application of human

creative skill and imagination? a) Science b) Art c) Mathematics d) History
2. Which of the following is NOT typically considered a use of art? a) Cultural
expression b) Communication c) Solving algebraic equations d) Personal expression
3. What is a unique, one-of-a-kind artwork created by an artist called? a) A
reproduction b) A photocopy c) A copycat d) Original art
4. Which branch of art includes painting, drawing, and sculpture? a) Performing
Arts b) Literary Arts c) Visual Arts d) Applied Arts
5. What is the branch of art that includes music, dance, and theater? a) Performing
Arts b) Visual Arts c) Literary Arts d) Applied Arts
6. Which of the following is an example of an Applied Art? a) A painting b) A ballet
performance c) A poem d) Architecture
7. What is the name for the basic building blocks used to create a work of art? a)
Principles of Design b) Elements of Art c) Artistic Rules d) Design Blocks
8. What is the name for the guidelines on how the basic building blocks of art are
arranged? a) Elements of Art b) Principles of Design c) Artistic Rules d) Design
Blocks
9. Which of the following is an Element of Art? a) Balance b) Emphasis c) Line d)
Unity
10. Which of the following is a Principle of Design? a) Shape b) Color c) Texture d)
Rhythm
11. Which element of art is defined as a mark that has a greater length than it does
width? a) Shape b) Form c) Line d) Space
12. A two-dimensional, flat, or enclosed area is called a... a) Shape b) Form c) Line d)
Space
13. Which element of art is a three-dimensional object that has height, width, and
depth? a) Shape b) Form c) Line d) Space
14. What is the light reflected off objects called? a) Value b) Texture c) Space d) Color
15. The lightness or darkness of a color is known as its... a) Texture b) Value c) Hue d)
Intensity
16. The area around, between, or within objects is called... a) Texture b) Space c)
Value d) Color
17. Which element refers to the surface quality of an object, or how it feels or looks
like it feels? a) Space b) Texture c) Value d) Color
18. The distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, and space is called... a)
Emphasis b) Balance c) Unity d) Rhythm
19. What is the part of a design that catches the viewer's attention called? a) Balance
b) Movement c) Emphasis d) Pattern
20. Which principle describes the path the viewer's eye takes through the artwork?
a) Emphasis b) Movement c) Unity d) Variety
21. The repetition of an object or symbol all over the work of art is a... a) Pattern b)
Balance c) Rhythm d) Proportion
22. The feeling of harmony between all parts of the work of art is called... a) Variety
b) Proportion c) Unity d) Balance
23. Why is understanding the elements and principles of art important for an artist?
a) They are fun to memorize. b) They help an artist choose the right brand of paint. c)
They are the tools an artist uses to create meaning and achieve harmony. d) They are
only used by famous artists.
24. A continuous mark made on a surface by a moving point is the definition of a...
a) Shape b) Form c) Line d) Texture
25. Which type of line suggests calmness, rest, and stability? a) Diagonal lines b)
Horizontal lines c) Vertical lines d) Zigzag lines
26. Which type of line suggests strength, height, and stability? a) Vertical lines b)
Diagonal lines c) Curved lines d) Horizontal lines
27. What do diagonal lines suggest? a) Calmness and peace b) Stability and rest c)
Movement, action, and instability d) Softness and grace
28. Which type of line suggests softness, flow, and graceful movement? a) Diagonal
lines b) Horizontal lines c) Curved lines d) Vertical lines
29. What do zigzag lines suggest? a) Calmness and rest b) Excitement, energy, and
chaos c) Stability and strength d) Softness and flow
30. What is a common use of lines in drawing? a) To make a drawing three-
dimensional b) To define edges and create shapes c) To add color to an artwork d) To
make the art look smaller
31. Which of the following objects would you most likely describe as having vertical
lines? a) A calm lake b) A tall building c) A winding road d) A lightning bolt
32. Which of the following objects would you most likely describe as having curved
lines? a) A brick wall b) A ruler c) A rainbow d) A telephone pole
33. The principle of design that is created by the regular repetition of elements is
called... a) Variety b) Rhythm c) Unity d) Emphasis
34. What does the principle of Variety do? a) It makes all parts of the art look the same.
b) It uses several elements to hold the viewer's attention. c) It creates a feeling of calm
and rest. d) It makes the artwork look flat.
35. The feeling of unity created when all parts of a design relate well with each other
is... a) Proportion b) Balance c) Rhythm d) Variety
36. When lines are used to create the illusion of a three-dimensional form, what is
this technique often called? a) Shading b) Painting c) Cross-hatching or contour
drawing d) Coloring
37. Which of the following is NOT a property of color? a) Hue b) Value c) Intensity d)
Shape
38. Which element of art deals with the positive and negative area within a work of
art? a) Form b) Space c) Line d) Color
39. Art that helps to preserve and share the history, traditions, and beliefs of a
culture is a form of... a) Therapy b) Personal expression c) Cultural expression d)
Aesthetics
40. When an artist uses art to express their own feelings and thoughts, it is a form
of... a) Aesthetics b) Cultural expression c) Therapy d) Personal expression
41. What is the difference between a shape and a form? a) A shape is 3D, and a form
is 2D. b) A shape is 2D, and a form is 3D. c) Shapes are only geometric. d) Forms are
only organic.
42. What kind of line would you use to draw a person running? a) Horizontal b)
Vertical c) Diagonal d) Curved
43. Which principle of design is demonstrated when a large object on one side of an
artwork is "balanced" by several smaller objects on the other side? a) Unity b)
Proportion c) Balance d) Emphasis
 44. What is the opposite of unity in an artwork? a) Variety b) Chaos c) Balance d)
Rhythm
45. What kind of lines would be best for drawing a calm sea at sunset? a) Zigzag
lines b) Horizontal lines c) Diagonal lines d) Wavy lines
46. How can an artist use a line to express emotion? a) By using a straight line to show
anger. b) By using a jagged line to show peacefulness. c) By using a smooth, curved
line to show calmness. d) By using a vertical line to show sadness.
47. Which of the following is NOT an Element of Art? a) Line b) Shape c) Emphasis
d) Color
48. Which of the following is a Principle of Design? a) Texture b) Form c) Unity d)
Value
49. What does the term "hue" refer to? a) The lightness of a color. b) The name of a
color. c) The brightness of a color. d) The texture of a color.
50. Which branch of art is described as including poetry, prose, and drama? a)
Visual Arts b) Performing Arts c) Literary Arts d) Applied Arts

The Importance of Lines

Lines are one of the most important parts of drawing. They are not just straight or curvy
marks; they are a way to show and describe things in our art.

 Lines help us create a picture.

 They show us where the edges of objects are.
 Lines can show movement.
 They can also make a drawing look real by showing light and shadow.

Shapes

A shape is a flat, two-dimensional area that is made when lines are joined together.

Types of Shapes

There are two main types of shapes:

1. Geometric Shapes: These are shapes that have names and are usually man-made.
They have straight lines or perfect curves.
o Examples: Squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, ovals.
2. Organic Shapes: These are shapes that are found in nature. They have curvy,
irregular lines and do not have a specific name.
o Examples: The shape of a leaf, a cloud, or a stone.

Making Patterns with Shapes

You can make fun patterns by repeating shapes over and over again. You can use different
colours or sizes to make your pattern even more exciting!

 A pattern of circles: $ O O O O $
 A pattern of squares and triangles: □△□△
Drawing

Drawing is a way of making pictures using tools like a pencil or crayon.

Types of Drawing

 Observational Drawing: This is when you draw something you can see in front of
you, like a fruit or a chair.
 Imaginative Drawing: This is when you draw something from your imagination or
mind, like a flying dragon or a superhero.

Materials Used in Drawing

You can use different materials to draw:

 Pencils and Erasers

 Crayons
 Coloured Pencils
 Charcoal sticks
 Paper

Light and Shade

When you draw, you can make your objects look real by showing light and shade. The part
of the object facing the light will be bright, and the part facing away from the light will be
dark. This makes your drawing look three-dimensional, not flat.

Colour

Colour is what our eyes see when light hits an object and bounces back.

Sources of Colour

 Sunlight (which gives us rainbows)

 Natural materials like plants and flowers
 Man-made paints and dyes

Uses of Colour

 To make things look real: We use green for grass and blue for the sky.
 To show feelings: We use bright colours to show happiness and dark colours to show
sadness.
 To make our art beautiful!
Print-Making

Print-making is a way to make many copies of the same picture. It is like making a stamp!

 Leaf Printing: You can make a print by putting paint on the back of a leaf and
pressing it onto paper. Leaves with good veins work best.
 Yam/Cassava Printing: An adult can help you carve a shape into a yam or cassava.
Then you put paint on the carved part and press it onto paper to make a print.
 Thumb Printing: You can make small prints by dipping your thumb in paint and
pressing it on the paper.

Drawing, Still Life, and Landscapes

 Still Life Drawing: This is a drawing of things that are not moving. You can arrange
everyday objects like a bowl of fruits, a vase, or a book on a table and draw them.
 Landscapes: This is a drawing of a scene from nature or the environment. It could be
a drawing of trees, mountains, a river, or a village.
 Imaginative Composition Drawing: This is a drawing where you use your
imagination to create a picture with many different things and ideas.
 Drawing and Shading: You can practice shading by drawing an object and showing
where the light hits it and where the shadows are.
 Setting up Still Life: You can learn how to set up objects on a table so that they look
interesting to draw.

Modelling: Paper Mache

Modelling is a way to create three-dimensional objects. Paper Mache is a special kind of

modelling.

Meaning of Paper Mache

Paper Mache is a material made from mashed or pounded paper mixed with a binder like
starch or glue.

Materials for Making Paper Mache

 Paper: Old newspapers or waste paper.

 Starch or Glue: To mix with the paper.
 Water: To help soften the paper.
 Mould: A shape (like a balloon or bowl) you can use to build your object on.

Objects from Paper Mache

Once you learn how to make Paper Mache, you can create many different objects, such as:

 Masks
  Bowls or plates
 Small animal figures
 Vases

Introduction to Music

Music is an art form that uses sounds. It is an organized sound that is pleasant and nice to
hear.

Sources of Music Sound

Music can come from many places:

 Voice: Our own voices when we sing.

 Instruments: Tools made to create sound, like drums, guitars, and flutes.
 Nature: The sound of the wind or the singing of birds.

Music vs. Noise

It's important to know the difference between music and noise:

 Music: A combination of sounds that are organized and sound good to our ears.
(Example: A song on the radio)
 Noise: An unorganized sound that is not pleasant or nice to our ears. (Example: The
sound of a loud construction site)

Here are 50 multiple-choice questions based on the last note about art and music for Primary
4 students.

Art & Music: Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is one of the main purposes of lines in a drawing? a) To make the drawing
shiny b) To show where the edges of objects are c) To make the drawing smaller d)
To add sound to the picture
2. A flat, two-dimensional area with an outline is called a... a) Line b) Form c) Shape
d) Texture
3. Which of these is an example of a geometric shape? a) A cloud b) A leaf c) A circle
d) A rock
4. A shape that is found in nature and has curvy, irregular lines is called a/an... a)
Geometric shape b) Organic shape c) Flat shape d) Square shape
5. What is a drawing from your mind or imagination called? a) Observational
drawing b) Still life drawing c) Imaginative drawing d) Landscape drawing
6. Which of these materials is NOT typically used for drawing? a) Pencils b)
Crayons c) Charcoal sticks d) A loud drum
7. What effect does "light and shade" create in a drawing? a) It makes the drawing
flat. b) It makes the drawing look three-dimensional. c) It adds music to the drawing.
d) It makes the drawing wet.
8. What is the definition of "colour"? a) An organized sound. b) What our eyes see
when light hits an object. c) The name for a straight line. d) The weight of an object.
9. Which of the following is a source of colour? a) A loud noise b) Sunlight c) A cold
wind d) A smooth rock
10. What can we use bright colours to show in a drawing? a) Sadness b) Anger c)
Happiness d) Darkness
11. What is the meaning of "print-making"? a) To make only one unique picture. b)
To make many copies of a picture. c) To draw with a pencil. d) To make a loud noise.
12. What kind of leaves are best for leaf printing? a) Dry leaves b) Fresh leaves with
good veins c) Old, crumbled leaves d) Leaves with no colour
13. What is a "still life drawing"? a) A drawing of a moving person. b) A drawing of a
scene from a movie. c) A drawing of things that are not moving, like fruits or a vase.
d) A drawing of a loud sound.
14. What is a drawing of a scene from nature, like trees and mountains, called? a)
Still life b) Imaginative drawing c) Landscape drawing d) Abstract art
15. What is Paper Mache made from? a) Mashed paper and starch b) Plastic and metal
c) A clean sheet of paper d) Wood and glue
16. Which of these is an object you can make with Paper Mache? a) A car b) A mask
c) A television d) A live animal
17. What is the definition of "music"? a) An unorganized sound that is not pleasant. b)
An organized sound that is pleasant to hear. c) The same thing as noise. d) The color
red.
18. Which of these is a source of musical sound? a) A loud cough b) A car horn c) Our
voices d) A falling rock
19. What is the main difference between music and noise? a) Music is quiet, and noise
is loud. b) Music is organized and pleasant, while noise is unorganized and not
pleasant. c) Music is always fast, and noise is always slow. d) Music is made of
colors, and noise is made of sounds.
20. Which of these is an example of noise? a) A bird singing b) A song on the radio c)
A car horn honking loudly d) A person singing a lullaby
21. What do horizontal lines suggest in a drawing? a) Excitement b) Movement c)
Calmness and rest d) Chaos
22. When you repeat shapes to make a fun design, what is this called? a) Shading b)
A pattern c) A line d) A source
23. What is the main purpose of an eraser in drawing? a) To add colour to the
drawing. b) To remove mistakes. c) To make the drawing shiny. d) To make the
drawing bumpy.
24. Which of these is a geometric shape? a) The shape of a cloud b) The shape of a
triangle c) The shape of a leaf d) The shape of a tree
25. What is the first step in Paper Mache? a) Painting the object. b) Eating the paper. c)
Mashing or pounding the paper. d) Playing a song.
26. Which of these is a source of music from nature? a) A car engine b) A drum c) The
sound of the wind d) A television
27. What can we use to get a nice print from a yam or cassava? a) An uncarved piece
of yam. b) A carved piece of yam. c) A whole cassava leaf. d) A banana peel.
28. An imaginative drawing comes from where? a) A book b) Your imagination c) A
museum d) The radio
29. What is a "mould" used for in Paper Mache? a) To make a loud noise. b) To add
colour to the paper. c) A shape to build your object on. d) To make the paper hard.
30. When setting up a still life drawing, what should you do? a) Arrange objects on a
table. b) Run around the room. c) Sing a song loudly. d) Close your eyes.
31. What is the term for the part of an object that is bright because light is shining
on it? a) Shade b) Shadow c) Light d) Noise
32. A drawing of a scene with a river and mountains is an example of what? a) Still
life b) Landscape c) Imaginative drawing d) Abstract art
33. What is the purpose of a thumb print? a) To add noise to a drawing. b) To make a
print using your thumb. c) To make a drawing of a tree. d) To make a drawing of a
car.
34. What kind of lines would you use to draw a tall building? a) Horizontal lines b)
Vertical lines c) Diagonal lines d) Zigzag lines
35. What is the most basic drawing material? a) A piece of wood b) A piece of paper
c) A piece of metal d) A piece of plastic
36. Which of these can be made with Paper Mache? a) A chair b) A cup c) A car d) A
building
37. What is the meaning of "modelling"? a) Making a two-dimensional object. b)
Making a three-dimensional object. c) Singing a song. d) Drawing with a pencil.
38. Which of these is a material for drawing? a) A ruler b) A crayon c) A table d) A
chair
39. What is the main difference between an organic shape and a geometric shape? a)
Organic shapes are always circles. b) Organic shapes are found in nature, while
geometric shapes are usually man-made. c) Organic shapes have straight lines, and
geometric shapes have curvy lines. d) There is no difference.
40. How can you show feelings in a drawing? a) By making a loud noise. b) By using
different types of lines and colors. c) By making a smooth texture. d) By playing a
musical instrument.
41. A drawing of a bowl of fruit on a table is called... a) Still life drawing b) Landscape
drawing c) Imaginative drawing d) Thumb printing
42. What is one use of color in art? a) To make the art silent. b) To show feelings. c) To
make the art smell good. d) To make the art move.
43. What is the first step in leaf printing? a) Eating the leaf. b) Putting paint on the leaf.
c) Drawing on the leaf. d) Mashing the leaf.
44. Which of these is an example of an instrument used to make music? a) A rock b)
A chair c) A drum d) A piece of paper
45. What is the opposite of a pleasant, organized sound? a) Music b) A beautiful
drawing c) A loud, unorganized sound d) A quiet voice
46. What does "organized sound" mean in music? a) Sounds that are unpleasant. b)
Sounds that are arranged to be pleasant to the ear. c) Sounds that are very loud. d)
Sounds that are very soft.
47. What kind of drawing comes from a scene you can see with your eyes? a)
Imaginative drawing b) Still life drawing c) Both a and b d) A musical drawing
48. If you mix mashed paper with starch, what are you making? a) Paper Mache b) A
pencil c) A crayon d) A still life
49. Which of these can be a source of music? a) A loud machine b) A car horn c) A
person's voice d) A thunderstorm
50. Which of these is an example of noise? a) A choir singing a song. b) The sound of a
guitar. c) The sound of a bird. d) The sound of a noisy construction site.
 PRIMARY FOUR
Musical Instruments and Sounds

Hello, Primary 4! Let's talk about the wonderful world of music and the special tools we use
to make it.

What Are Musical Instruments?

A musical instrument is an object that is made or put together to produce sounds that are
organized into music. These instruments are a big part of our culture, especially in local
traditions.

Here are some local musical instruments you should know about:

 Udu (Musical Pot): This is a clay pot with a hole on the side. When you hit it with
your hand, it makes a special, hollow sound.
 Ekwe: A wooden drum made from a log. It has a slit in the middle and is played with
sticks.
 Agogo: An iron gong shaped like a bell. You hit it with a stick to make a clear,
ringing sound.
 Bata: A drum with a unique shape, like an hourglass. It's played with your hands and
makes a variety of sounds.
 Gangan: Also known as the "talking drum," this drum is shaped like an hourglass.
You squeeze the strings on the side to change the pitch and make it sound like it's
"talking."
 Kakaki: A long trumpet made of metal. It's often used in traditional ceremonies and
by royalty.

How Do Instruments Make Sound?

Musical instruments make sound in different ways. Here are the main methods of sound
production:

1. Beating or Hitting: This is when you strike one object against another.
o Examples: Hitting an Agogo with a stick, or beating a Bata drum with your
hands.
2. Rubbing: This is when you rub or scrape one object against another to make a sound.
o Examples: Rubbing a piece of wood against another or using a bow on a
stringed instrument.
3. Blowing Air: This is when you blow air into or across a musical instrument.
o Examples: Blowing into a Kakaki trumpet or a flute.
Musical Instruments: Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is a musical instrument? a) A type of food b) An object used to produce music

c) A kind of animal d) A place to live
2. Which of these is a musical instrument from the list provided? a) A pencil b) A chair
c) An Ekwe d) A shoe
3. What material is an Udu made from? a) Wood b) Plastic c) Metal d) Clay
4. How is an Ekwe played? a) By blowing into it b) By hitting it with a stick c) By
rubbing it d) By squeezing its strings
5. What is the shape of an Agogo? a) A pot b) A drum c) An iron gong d) A talking
drum
6. Which instrument is also known as the "talking drum"? a) Bata b) Ekwe c) Agogo d)
Gangan
7. How does a Kakaki produce sound? a) By hitting it b) By rubbing it c) By blowing
air into it d) By squeezing it
8. What is a common method of sound production? a) Eating b) Beating c) Walking d)
Sleeping
9. Which instrument is played by beating or hitting? a) Kakaki b) Ekwe c) A flute d) A
whistle
10. What is a "method of sound production"? a) The way an instrument is painted b) The
way an instrument is stored c) The way an instrument makes sound d) The way an
instrument is cleaned
11. Which instrument has a unique hourglass shape? a) Udu b) Agogo c) Bata d) Kakaki
12. What sound does an Udu make? a) A loud trumpet sound b) A clear, ringing sound c)
A hollow, hollow sound d) A talking sound
13. How do you change the pitch of a Gangan (talking drum)? a) By hitting it harder b)
By blowing into it c) By squeezing the strings on its side d) By rubbing it
14. What type of instrument is a Kakaki? a) A drum b) A pot c) A trumpet d) A gong
15. What method of sound production involves scraping one object against another? a)
Beating b) Blowing c) Rubbing d) Throwing
16. Which of these instruments is a drum? a) Agogo b) Kakaki c) Ekwe d) Udu
17. How is an Agogo played? a) By squeezing it b) By blowing into it c) By hitting it
with a stick d) By rubbing it with your hand
18. What is another name for a Gangan? a) The "singing drum" b) The "talking drum" c)
The "shouting drum" d) The "silent drum"
19. A Bata drum is played with... a) Sticks b) Your feet c) Your hands d) A long trumpet
20. What is a Kakaki often used for? a) Cooking b) Traditional ceremonies c) Playing
football d) Telling a story
21. The sound of an Agogo is described as... a) A talking sound b) A hollow sound c) A
clear, ringing sound d) A quiet sound
22. Which instrument has a slit in the middle and is made from a log? a) Agogo b) Ekwe
c) Bata d) Udu
23. What method of sound production is used for a Kakaki? a) Beating b) Rubbing c)
Blowing air d) Squeezing
24. What is the name of the clay pot instrument? a) Bata b) Gangan c) Ekwe d) Udu
25. How is a Udu played? a) By rubbing it b) By hitting the hole with your hand c) By
squeezing it d) By blowing into it
26. Which of these instruments is made of metal? a) Udu b) Ekwe c) Agogo d) Gangan
27. The Gangan and Bata drums are both played with... a) Sticks b) Your hands c) A
bow d) Your feet
28. The long trumpet used in traditional ceremonies is the... a) Udu b) Ekwe c) Kakaki
d) Agogo
29. What is a key feature of a Bata drum? a) It has a slit in the middle. b) It has a unique
hourglass shape. c) It is a clay pot. d) It is a long, metal trumpet.
30. How are sounds produced on a Udu? a) By beating it with a stick b) By rubbing the
side c) By beating it with your hand d) By blowing air into it
 SECOND TERM

Musical Instruments and Sounds

Foreign Musical Instruments

While we have many wonderful local instruments, there are also instruments from other
countries that are now part of our music. These are called foreign musical instruments.

 Foreign Musical Instruments: These are instruments used by people from other
countries that have now become popular and are used in Nigerian music.

Some examples include:

 Guitar: A popular instrument with strings that you pluck or strum to make music.
 Keyboard/Piano: An instrument with black and white keys that you press to create
sounds.
 Trumpet: A brass instrument that you blow into to produce a loud, clear sound.

Classifying Musical Instruments

Musical instruments can be grouped into different families based on how they make sound.
This is called classification.

Here are the four main families of instruments:

1. Aerophones: These are instruments that produce sound by making a column of air
vibrate.
o How they work: You blow into them.
o Examples: A flute or a trumpet.
2. Chordophones: These are instruments that produce sound using vibrating strings.
o How they work: You pluck, strum, or bow the strings.
o Examples: A guitar or a violin.
3. Idiophones: These are instruments that produce sound from the vibration of the entire
instrument itself.
o How they work: You shake, hit, or scrape them.
o Examples: An Agogo (gong), a xylophone, or maracas.
4. Membranophones: These are instruments that produce sound using a stretched skin
or a membrane.
o How they work: You hit the skin with your hands or sticks.
 o Examples: The Bata drum, Ekwe drum, or any other drum.

Introduction to Theatre and Drama

What is Theatre?

Theatre is a special place or an art form where people act out stories for an audience. It is
where actors pretend to be different characters and tell a story using their voices, bodies, and
costumes.

 Theatre is the place and the process of putting on a play.

 Drama is the story itself that is being told in the theatre.

So, when you go to see a play at a theatre, you are watching drama!

Sources

Drama

Drama is a way of telling a story by acting it out. It involves pretending to be someone else
or to be in a certain situation.

 Impersonation and Imitation are key to drama. They mean you are copying or acting
like a person and their situation.
 Role-playing is when you take on a specific role or character and act out their part.
 A person who acts in a drama is called an Actor (for a boy) or an Actress (for a girl).
They perform in front of an Audience (the people who are watching).

Dances of the Locality

A dance is a way of moving your body to the rhythm of music. We dance for many different
reasons and at different times.

 Dances for different occasions:

o Festivals: We have special dances to celebrate festivals. These dances are
often joyful and energetic.
o Ceremonies: Dances can be performed at important events like weddings or a
chief's installation.
o Celebrations: We dance at birthday parties, at school events, or just for fun!

Basic Body Movements in Dance

When we dance, our bodies move in three main ways. We use:

 1. Space: This is the area around you that you use to move. You can move in a big space
or a small space.
o Example: Spreading your arms wide uses a lot of space. Tiptoeing in one spot
uses very little space.
2. Time: This is how fast or slow you move.
o Example: You can dance very fast to a quick song or very slowly to a calm
song.
3. Force: This is how much energy you use. You can move with a lot of force or with
very little force.
o Example: Stomping your feet uses a lot of force. Floating your hands gently
uses very little force.

Expressing Yourself in Dance

In dance, you can use your body to show ideas and feelings.

 Expressing concepts:
o You can use time and space to show feelings.
o A dance with fast movements and big space might show joy and freedom.
o A dance with slow movements and small space might show sadness or
shyness.
 Movement to music and rhythm: The most important thing is to listen to the music
and move your body to its beat. The rhythm is the pattern of the music's beat.

Introduction to Play Acting

Play acting is the art of performing a story. It is a big part of drama.

 Character: This is a person you pretend to be in a play.

 Impersonation: This is when you copy the way a character talks, walks, and acts.
 Role-playing: This is when you act out the part of your character.
 Costume and Make-up: These are special clothes and colours you put on your face
to help you look more like your character.

Characterization in Play Acting

Characterization is all about how you make your character seem real. It means you imitate
the way another person talks and behaves. You think about what your character is feeling and
how they would react in a situation.

Common Characters in Plays

In plays, characters are often described in a special way.

 Round Character: This is a character who changes over time. They might start off
sad, but by the end of the story, they become happy. Or they might learn a lesson and
become a better person. They are like real people, who change and grow.
 What is a "foreign musical instrument"? a) An instrument used by people from other
countries. b) An instrument made of stone. c) A local musical instrument. d) An
instrument used for cooking.
 Which of these is an example of a foreign musical instrument? a) Ekwe b) Bata c)
Guitar d) Udu
 How does a guitar produce sound? a) By blowing into it. b) By hitting it. c) By
squeezing it. d) By plucking or strumming its strings.
 How do you make sounds on a keyboard or piano? a) By blowing into it. b) By
pressing the keys. c) By hitting it with a stick. d) By rubbing it.
 What is a trumpet made of? a) Wood b) Clay c) Brass d) Plastic
 What is the process of grouping musical instruments into families called? a)
Classification b) Division c) Formation d) Decoration
 Which instrument family produces sound by making a column of air vibrate? a)
Chordophones b) Idiophones c) Aerophones d) Membranophones
 A flute belongs to which family of instruments? a) Aerophones b) Chordophones c)
Idiophones d) Membranophones
 An instrument that uses vibrating strings to produce sound is a... a) Aerophone b)
Idiophone c) Chordophone d) Membranophone
 A violin belongs to which family of instruments? a) Chordophones b) Idiophones c)
Aerophones d) Membranophones
 How do Idiophones produce sound? a) By blowing into them. b) By hitting a
stretched skin. c) By the vibration of the entire instrument itself. d) By plucking
strings.
 An Agogo (gong) belongs to which instrument family? a) Idiophones b)
Chordophones c) Aerophones d) Membranophones
 How do Membranophones produce sound? a) By hitting a stretched skin. b) By
blowing air into them. c) By shaking or scraping them. d) By plucking strings.
 A Bata drum belongs to which instrument family? a) Aerophones b) Chordophones c)
Idiophones d) Membranophones
 What is "theatre"? a) A type of music. b) A special place where people act out stories.
c) A kind of dance. d) A type of painting.
 What is the story being told in the theatre called? a) Comedy b) Drama c) A song d) A
poem
 What is a person who acts in a drama called? a) An artist b) A dancer c) An actor or
actress d) A musician
 What is a "dance"? a) A way of singing a song. b) A way of making a picture. c) A
way of moving your body to the rhythm of music. d) A way of reading a book.
 A dance performed at a festival is often... a) Sad and slow. b) Joyful and energetic. c)
Quiet and still. d) Boring.
 What is the area around you that you use to move in dance called? a) Time b) Force c)
Space d) Rhythm
 Moving your body very fast or very slowly in dance is an example of using... a) Space
b) Time c) Force d) Costume
 Stomping your feet in dance shows that you are using a lot of... a) Time b) Space c)
Force d) Make-up
 A dance with fast movements and big space might show feelings of... a) Sadness b)
Shyness c) Joy and freedom d) Boredom
 What is the pattern of the music's beat called? a) Time b) Force c) Rhythm d) Space
 What is "play acting"? a) A game you play with friends. b) The art of performing a
story. c) The art of making music. d) The art of drawing.
 The person you pretend to be in a play is called a... a) Musician b) Character c)
Dancer d) Director
 When you copy the way a character talks and acts, it is called... a) Impersonation b)
Drawing c) Singing d) Dancing
 What do actors use to help them look more like their character? a) Musical
instruments b) Costumes and make-up c) Dancing shoes d) Art supplies
 What does "characterization" mean in play acting? a) Dancing to music. b) Imitating
how another person talks and behaves. c) Playing a musical instrument. d) Reading a
book.
 A Round Character is one who... a) Is always happy. b) Has a funny shape. c) Does
not change at all. d) Changes with time and circumstances.
 Who watches the actors and actresses perform a drama? a) The director b) The
audience c) The crew d) The writer
 What is the main idea of Drama? a) Pretending to be someone else. b) Playing an
instrument. c) Drawing a picture. d) Building with blocks.
 What is the difference between a male actor and a female actor? a) An actor is male,
and an actress is female. b) An actor is female, and an actress is male. c) An actor
sings, and an actress dances. d) There is no difference.
 How can you show sadness in a dance? a) With fast movements and a big space. b)
With slow movements and a small space. c) By stomping your feet. d) By dancing
very quickly.
 Which of these is a way to produce sound from a Membranophone? a) Blowing into
it. b) Hitting the skin. c) Plucking a string. d) Shaking it.
 A guitar is a foreign instrument that produces sound with... a) Keys. b) Air. c) Strings.
d) A stretched skin.
 What is "Role-playing"? a) Watching a play. b) Acting out the part of a character. c)
Making a costume. d) Reading a book.
 The trumpet is an instrument you blow into, so it is a... a) Chordophone b) Idiophone
c) Aerophone d) Membranophone
 What is a dance for a celebration like a birthday party often like? a) Quiet b) Fun and
joyful c) Ceremonial d) Still
 An instrument that you shake to make a sound is an... a) Idiophone b) Chordophone c)
Aerophone d) Membranophone
 A Round Character is like a real person because they... a) Are very tall. b) Always
have a happy ending. c) Change and learn over time. d) Never change their mind.
 What is the process of putting on a play called? a) Reading b) Dancing c) Theatre d)
Music
 Which of the following is an example of using time in dance? a) Making big
movements. b) Using a lot of force. c) Dancing very fast. d) Standing still.
 Which instrument family uses a stretched skin to make a sound? a) Aerophones b)
Membranophones c) Idiophones d) Chordophones
 What is the difference between Theatre and Drama? a) Theatre is the place, and
Drama is the story. b) Theatre is the story, and Drama is the place. c) Theatre is a
dance, and Drama is a song. d) There is no difference.
 What kind of instruments produce sound by vibrating themselves? a)
Membranophones b) Aerophones c) Idiophones d) Chordophones
 What is the main idea of Impersonation? a) To write a story. b) To copy the way a
person behaves. c) To paint a picture. d) To play a musical instrument.
 A violin is a foreign instrument that produces sound with... a) Keys. b) Air. c) Strings.
d) A stretched skin.
 What are Costume and Make-up used for in play acting? a) To make the actors sing
better. b) To help the actors look like their character. c) To help the actors dance
better. d) To help the actors read their lines.
 What does the term Rhythm refer to in dance? a) The area around you. b) How fast or
slow you move. c) The pattern of the music's beat. d) How much energy you use.
 THIRD TERM
Hello, Primary 4! Let's talk about the important ideas we learn from art and how we can be
creative with the things around us.

Introducing Values in Cultural and Creative Arts

What is a "Value"?

A value is an important idea or belief that guides how we act. It's something we think is very
important and good. Values help us to be better people and to work well with others.

Importance of Values in Art and Music

Values are very important in art and music. They help us:

 Work together: When you work with classmates on a play or a song, values like
teamwork and respect help everything go smoothly.
 Be good people: Values like honesty and hard work help us to be better students and
artists.
 Create meaningful work: When an artist puts good values into their work, it can
have a positive effect on the people who see it.

Methods of Inculcating Value

We can learn and share values through art in fun ways. Two important ways are through
improvisation and recycling.

 Improvisation: This means creating something on the spot, without a plan. It helps us
be flexible and creative.
 Recycling: This means using old materials to create new things. It teaches us to be
resourceful and to not waste things.
 Costume and Make-up: We can use recycled materials to make fun costumes and
make-up for our plays! This teaches us to be creative with what we have.

Characteristics of Values in Cultural and Creative Arts

To be a good artist or creator, there are some values you need.

Values Needed in Creative Work

 Creativity: This is the ability to come up with new and original ideas.
 Hard Work: This means trying your best and not giving up, even when something is
difficult.
  Honesty: This means being truthful and fair in your work and with others.
 Precision: This means being careful and accurate so that your work is neat and well-
made.

Why Values Are Needed

We need these values because they help us to produce great work. Creativity gives us the
idea, Hard Work makes sure we finish it, and Honesty and Precision make our work good
and reliable.

Values and Improvisation

Improvisation is a great way to show how creative and resourceful you can be! It teaches us
to use things that are not usually used for art.

Art Materials and Their Improvised Ones

Instead of using regular art tools, we can make our own!

 Brush: Instead of a paintbrush, you can use:

o A chewed stick
o A sponge tied to the end of a stick
o A bunch of grass
o A piece of foam
 Pen: Instead of a writing pen, you can use:
o A stick with a flat end
o A feather
o A strip of hard paper or board
 Canvas: Instead of a special art canvas, you can use:
o A piece of printed cloth mixed with emulsion and glue.
 Colour: Instead of paint, you can find natural colours from:
o Red mud
o Colours from leaves (by squeezing them)

Making Improvised Material

Making your own materials is a fun part of art. You can try to make a brush by chewing the
end of a stick until it becomes soft like bristles. You can also find colourful leaves and mash
them to get a natural colour for your art!

Hello, Primary 4! Let's continue to learn about a very special skill in art: using what we have
around us to create something new and beautiful!

Improvisation of Art Materials

What is Improvisation?

Improvisation means using materials you find around you to make things, instead of using
special art supplies. It's about being creative and resourceful.

Art Materials and Their Improvised Ones

Instead of buying art supplies, you can make your own! Here are some great examples:

 Brush: A brush is used for painting. If you don't have a real one, you can make an
improvised brush from a chewed stick, a sponge tied to the end of a stick, a bunch of
grass, a bundle of raffia, or a piece of foam.
 Pen: A pen is used for drawing and writing. You can make an improvised pen from a
stick with a flat end, a feather, or a strip of hard paper or board.
 Canvas: A canvas is a special cloth that artists paint on. You can make an improvised
canvas by using a piece of printed cloth and mixing it with emulsion and glue.
 Colour: Instead of paint, you can find natural colours from red mud or by squeezing
the juice from leaves.

Making Improvised Materials

Making these materials is a fun and creative process. For example, to make a brush, you can
find a small stick and chew on one end until it becomes soft and separated like bristles. To
get colour, you can mash up colourful leaves and plants to get a liquid to paint with.

Improvised Art Materials: Part II

Materials and Their Alternatives

Let's look at more materials and their alternatives:

 Colour: You can find natural colours from many places besides leaves. You can also
use red mud, roots, and stems.
 Lettering: For making clear letters, you can use a pen flat edge stick, which is a
stick with a perfectly flat end that you can dip in colour to make clean lines.
 Brush: Remember, you can also make a brush from soft wood and tie raffia or grass
around the end.

Similarities and Characteristics

The most important thing about all these improvised materials is their similarities and
characteristics.

 Similarities: They all help you to create art just like real art supplies.
  What is a "value"? a) A type of paint. b) An important idea or belief that guides
how we act. c) A kind of improvised brush. d) A place to find materials.
  According to the notes, which of these is an important value in art? a) Laziness b)
Honesty c) Talking d) Running
  How do values help us when we work on a play with classmates? a) They help us
argue. b) They help everything go smoothly. c) They make the play longer. d) They
make the play louder.
  What does the value "Hard Work" mean? a) Giving up when something is
difficult. b) Trying your best and not giving up. c) Always being the best. d) Not
doing anything.
  What does the value "Honesty" mean? a) Being funny. b) Being truthful and fair.
c) Being the fastest. d) Being the loudest.
  Which value means being careful and accurate so your work is neat? a) Creativity
b) Hard Work c) Honesty d) Precision
  What is the ability to come up with new and original ideas called? a) Hard Work b)
Honesty c) Creativity d) Precision
  What is one method of learning and sharing values through art? a) Watching
television. b) Improvisation. c) Sleeping. d) Eating food.
  What is "improvisation"? a) Using special art supplies. b) Creating something on
the spot without a plan. c) Watching a movie. d) Writing in a book.
  Using old materials to create new things is called... a) Wasting b) Improvisation c)
Recycling d) Throwing away
  What is an improvised brush? a) A paintbrush from the store. b) A brush made
from a chewed stick or grass. c) A brush for cleaning. d) A type of pen.
  Which of these is an improvised pen? a) A ballpoint pen. b) A marker. c) A
feather. d) A pencil.
  What can be used as an improvised canvas? a) A special art canvas. b) A piece of
printed cloth with emulsion and glue. c) A large piece of wood. d) A sheet of metal.
  Where can you find improvised colours? a) From a paint box. b) From red mud or
leaves. c) From a crayon. d) From an art store.
  What is a key value that improvisation teaches us? a) Being wasteful. b) Being
lazy. c) Being resourceful. d) Being dishonest.
  What is the main purpose of "Hard Work" in creative work? a) To give you a good
idea. b) To make sure you finish the work. c) To make you famous. d) To make the
work colourful.
  What helps make our work "good and reliable"? a) Honesty and Precision. b)
Creativity and Hard Work. c) Recycling and Improvisation. d) Costume and Make-up.
  What is a "pen flat edge stick" used for? a) To make a brush. b) To make clear
letters for lettering. c) To find natural colours. d) To make a canvas.
  Which of these can be used as an improvised brush? a) A stick with a flat end. b)
A piece of hard paper. c) A sponge tied to a stick. d) A feather.
  What can be used as an improvised colour besides leaves? a) Plastic. b) Red mud.
c) Water. d) Glass.
  What is the most important thing about improvised materials? a) They are very
expensive. b) They are very difficult to use. c) They are similar to real supplies and
have unique characteristics. d) They cannot be used for real art.
  How can you make an improvised brush from a stick? a) By painting the stick. b)
By chewing the end of the stick. c) By throwing the stick. d) By tying it to a canvas.
  What is the main purpose of improvisation in art? a) To buy expensive materials.
b) To use things you find around you to create. c) To follow strict rules. d) To make
the art look exactly like everyone else's.
  Using a piece of printed cloth with emulsion and glue is an alternative to what? a)
A pen b) A brush c) A canvas d) A colour
  What is an alternative material for a pen? a) A sponge b) A feather c) A leaf d) A
piece of foam
  Which of these is a value needed in creative work? a) Dishonesty b) Laziness c)
Precision d) Wastefulness
  What is the primary purpose of values in art and craft? a) To make the art look
shiny. b) To help artists be better people and work together. c) To make the art bigger.
d) To make the art smell good.
  Which of these is a method of inculcating value in art? a) Reading a book. b)
Listening to a song. c) Recycling. d) Running.
  What does the value "Creativity" give us in our work? a) The honesty to tell the
truth. b) The courage to be brave. c) The ability to come up with new ideas. d) The
hard work to finish a task.
  What can be used to make an improvised pen? a) A chewed stick. b) A strip of
hard paper or board. c) A piece of foam. d) A bunch of grass.
  Why is Honesty an important value for an artist? a) It makes their art famous. b) It
makes their work good and reliable. c) It makes their work colourful. d) It helps them
to draw fast.
  The ability to be flexible and creative is a result of practicing what? a) Hard work.
b) Honesty. c) Improvisation. d) Precision.
  What is the main purpose of recycling in art? a) To be wasteful. b) To be
resourceful and not waste things. c) To get more money. d) To make our art look old.
  Which of these is NOT an improvised material for a brush? a) A bunch of grass. b)
A special paintbrush. c) A chewed stick. d) A piece of foam.
  What is an improvised pen made from a feather used for? a) To make a drawing.
b) To clean a table. c) To make a costume. d) To make a canvas.
  Which value is about being accurate and neat? a) Hard work. b) Honesty. c)
Creativity. d) Precision.
  What can you use to get natural colour for your art? a) Paint from a can. b) Juice
from leaves. c) Ink from a pen. d) Water.
  The value "Hard Work" is important because it makes sure you... a) Have an idea.
b) Have a neat drawing. c) Finish your work. d) Are honest.
  What is a material for an improvised canvas? a) A piece of stone. b) A piece of
wood. c) A piece of printed cloth. d) A piece of metal.
  What is a key characteristic of improvised materials? a) They all look the same. b)
They are all very expensive. c) They each make a unique mark. d) They cannot be
used more than once.
  What is the purpose of Costume and Make-up in art? a) To teach us to be
wasteful. b) To help us be creative with what we have. c) To help us do hard work. d)
To help us be honest.
  What is the meaning of "improvisation" in art? a) To buy expensive art supplies. b)
To use materials found around you to create. c) To follow all the rules exactly. d) To
copy someone else's work.
  A brush made from soft wood and raffia is an example of what? a) A traditional
brush. b) An improvised brush. c) A store-bought brush. d) A useless tool.
  Which of these is an alternative for a canvas? a) A sheet of paper. b) A piece of
printed cloth with emulsion and glue. c) A sheet of cardboard. d) A sheet of glass.
  The value "Creativity" helps us to have... a) The best art materials. b) New and
original ideas. c) The ability to copy others. d) A lot of money.
  What can you use to make an improvised pen for lettering? a) A chewed stick. b)
A stick with a flat end. c) A bundle of grass. d) A piece of foam.
  Why are Honesty and Precision important values for an artist? a) They help the
artist become rich. b) They make the artwork good and reliable. c) They make the
artist famous. d) They help the artist make mistakes.
  What is the main idea of making your own improvised materials? a) To be lazy. b)
To have fun and be creative. c) To waste a lot of time. d) To make a mess.
  How can you get natural colour from leaves? a) By throwing them away. b) By
squeezing or mashing them. c) By drying them in the sun. d) By painting them with a
brush.
  What is a "value"? a) A material used for art. b) An important belief that guides
how we act. c) A type of dance. d) A kind of improvised tool.
 Characteristics: Each one has its own special feel and makes a unique mark. For
example, a grass brush will give you a different texture than a foam brush. This means
your art will always be original!
 PRIMARY FIVE
FIRST TERM
1-2. Art: Definition, Origin, and Branches

What is Art?

Art is the expression of human creativity and imagination. It's how people show their
feelings, ideas, and stories through things they make, sing, or perform.

Origin of Art

Art has been with us for a very, very long time! The origin of art can be traced back to
ancient times when early humans drew pictures on cave walls. These pictures told stories
about their lives, their hunts, and the animals they saw.

Branches of Art

Art is a big family with different branches. The main branches are:

 Visual Arts: This is art you can see. It includes things like drawing, painting,
sculpture (making statues), and crafts (like weaving).
 Performing Arts: This is art you can watch being performed. It includes music,
dance, and drama (acting).
 Literary Arts: This is art that uses words. It includes things like poetry and stories.

3-4. Creating Music: Sol-fa Notation

Sol-fa notation is a way of writing and singing music using special words: do, re, mi, fa, so,
la, ti, do. It helps us to sing the correct pitch (how high or low a note sounds).

 Value of Sol-fa Notation:

o It helps us sing in tune.
o It makes it easier to learn and remember songs.
o It helps us understand the relationship between different notes.

5-6. Drawing

What is Drawing?

Drawing is a way of making a picture using tools like a pencil, charcoal, or pen. It is a
powerful way to express what we see or imagine.
Types of Drawing

 Observational Drawing: This is when you draw an object or a person exactly as you
see it in front of you.
 Imaginative Drawing: This is when you draw something from your own mind, like a
cartoon character or a fantasy world.

Uses of Drawing

 To express feelings and ideas.

 To plan other artworks or designs.
 To communicate a message.
 Just for fun!

Steps to Follow in Drawing

1. Get Ready: Find your pencil, eraser, and paper.

2. Sketch Lightly: Start by drawing the basic shapes and lines of your subject very
lightly.
3. Add Details: Now, add more lines and details to make your drawing look complete.
4. Shade and Colour: Use shading or colours to make your drawing look more realistic.

7-8. Pattern and Design

What is a Pattern?

A pattern is created when you repeat a shape, line, or colour over and over again. You can
see patterns on your clothes, on a basket, or on a building.

Types of Pattern

 Regular Pattern: A pattern where a shape is repeated in the same way, like a simple
row of squares.
 Irregular Pattern: A pattern where a shape is repeated, but in a way that is not
always the same.

Motifs

A motif is the single design or shape that is repeated to create a pattern.

 Types of Motifs:
o Geometric Motifs: Shapes that come from mathematics, like squares,
triangles, and circles.
o Natural Motifs: Shapes that come from nature, like leaves, flowers, or
animals.
9-10. Music Notes and Their Value

Just like in a sentence, musical notes have different lengths. The value of a note tells us how
long we should hold the sound.

Whole Note ∘
Note Name Look Like How Long to Hold (Value)
Very long (four beats)
Half Note d Two beats
Quarter Note ♩ One beat
Eighth Note ♪ Half a beat
Sixteenth Note ♬ A quarter of a beat
Export to Sheets

11-12. Weaving

Introduction to Weaving

Weaving is the art of interlacing two or more strands of material to create a fabric or a mat.
It's a very old and important craft.

Types of Weaving

 Simple Weaving: This is a basic "over and under" pattern you can use to make a
simple mat.
 Basket Weaving: This is a type of weaving used to create strong baskets from
materials like raffia.

Materials for Weaving

You can weave with many different materials, such as yarn, thread, raffia, dry grass, or
strips of paper.

Uses of Weaving

Weaving is used to make many things we use every day:

 Baskets for carrying things.

 Mats for sitting or sleeping on.
 Fabrics for making clothes.
 Beautiful decorations.

Importance of Weaving

Weaving is important because it is a traditional skill, a way to be creative, and a way for
people to earn a living by making and selling their crafts.
13. Introducing Values in Cultural and Creative Art

This topic reminds us of what we learned in Primary 4. A value is an important belief that
guides how we act. In art and crafts, values like hard work, creativity, honesty, and
precision are very important for making great work and being a good artist.

14. Revision and Examination

Now that you have learned about all these topics, it is time for you to revise everything. Read
through all your notes and be ready to answer questions on art, music, drawing, patterns, and
weaving for your examination. Good luck!

Cultural and Creative Arts: Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is the expression of human creativity and imagination called? a) Science b) Art
c) Mathematics d) History
2. Where can the origin of art be traced back to? a) The moon b) The future c) Ancient
cave drawings d) Outer space
3. Which of these is a branch of Visual Arts? a) Music b) Drawing c) Dance d) Poetry
4. A play or drama is an example of which branch of art? a) Visual Arts b) Literary Arts
c) Performing Arts d) Applied Arts
5. What are the special words used in Sol-fa notation? a) A, B, C, D b) 1, 2, 3, 4 c) do,
re, mi, fa d) Red, Blue, Yellow
6. What does Sol-fa notation help us to understand in music? a) The colour of the notes
b) The length of the notes c) The pitch (high or low) of the notes d) The instrument to
play
7. Which of these is a primary use of drawing? a) To make a loud noise b) To express
feelings and ideas c) To learn to fly d) To make food
8. What is the first step in drawing? a) Adding details b) Shading c) Getting materials
ready d) Eating your eraser
9. When you draw something exactly as you see it, what kind of drawing are you doing?
a) Imaginative drawing b) Observational drawing c) Abstract drawing d) Scientific
drawing
10. A drawing of a superhero or a monster is an example of what type of drawing? a)
Observational drawing b) Imaginative drawing c) Still life drawing d) Landscape
drawing
11. What is created when you repeat a shape, line, or colour? a) A motif b) A pattern c) A
design d) A drawing
12. What is the single design or shape that is repeated to create a pattern called? a) A
motif b) A pattern c) A design d) A drawing
13. A pattern with squares and triangles is an example of a... a) Natural motif b)
Geometric motif c) Irregular motif d) Regular motif
14. What kind of motif comes from things like leaves, flowers, or animals? a) Geometric
motif b) Natural motif c) Simple motif d) Complex motif
15. What is the value of a Whole Note? a) One beat b) Two beats c) Four beats d) Half a
beat
16. How long should you hold a Quarter Note? a) One beat b) Two beats c) Four beats d)
Half a beat
17. Which note has a value of half a beat? a) Quarter Note b) Half Note c) Eighth Note d)
Whole Note
18. The art of interlacing two or more strands to create a fabric is called... a) Drawing b)
Weaving c) Painting d) Dancing
19. Which of these can be used as a material for weaving? a) Stone b) Glass c) Raffia d)
Metal
20. What is a common use for weaving? a) Making baskets b) Making music c) Making
paintings d) Making stories
21. What is an important value in art that means trying your best and not giving up? a)
Honesty b) Hard Work c) Precision d) Creativity
22. A Round Character is a person in a play who... a) Has a funny shape. b) Never
changes their mind. c) Changes and learns over time. d) Is always happy.
23. A Membranophone is an instrument that produces sound using a stretched... a)
String b) Skin c) Piece of wood d) Column of air
24. What is the name of the clay pot instrument from our local music? a) Ekwe b)
Gangan c) Udu d) Agogo
25. What does the value "Honesty" mean in creative work? a) Being truthful and fair. b)
Being very fast. c) Being very strong. d) Being able to sing well.
26. Which type of instrument uses vibrating strings to make sound? a) Aerophones b)
Idiophones c) Chordophones d) Membranophones
27. What is a motif? a) A type of paint. b) The single design that is repeated in a pattern.
c) A whole drawing. d) The name of a musical note.
28. Which of these is a use of drawing? a) To make a dance. b) To plan another artwork.
c) To sing a song. d) To play a sport.
29. What does the value of a note tell us? a) How high or low the sound is. b) How loud
the sound is. c) How long to hold the sound. d) The colour of the sound.
30. A dance performed at a wedding ceremony is an example of what? a) A festival dance
b) An informal dance c) A ceremonial dance d) A random dance
31. Which of these is an example of a Visual Art? a) Poetry b) Weaving c) Music d)
Drama
32. What is a drawing of a fantasy world from your mind called? a) Observational
drawing b) Imaginative drawing c) Still life drawing d) Landscape drawing
33. What is the name for the pattern of the music's beat? a) Space b) Force c) Rhythm d)
Time
34. A person who acts in a drama is called... a) A character b) A writer c) An actor or
actress d) An audience
35. Which of these is an example of an Aerophone? a) A drum b) A guitar c) A flute d)
A xylophone
36. How is an Idiophone different from other instruments? a) It makes sound from its
own vibration. b) It uses strings to make sound. c) It uses air to make sound. d) It uses
a stretched skin to make sound.
37. A dance that is performed using very fast movements and a lot of space can show... a)
Sadness b) Shyness c) Joy and freedom d) Boredom
38. What is a "value"? a) A type of colour. b) An important belief that guides how we act.
c) A kind of drawing. d) A material for weaving.
39. What does "Precision" mean in art? a) Being lazy b) Being truthful c) Being careful
and accurate d) Being creative
40. What is a Pen flat edge stick used for? a) Making music b) Weaving a basket c)
Making a drawing with clear lines d) Painting a picture
41. What is the process of putting on a play called? a) Drama b) Theatre c) Weaving d)
Music
42. What is a motif that comes from a square or a triangle? a) A natural motif b) A
geometric motif c) An irregular motif d) A complex motif
43. Which of these can be used as an improvised pen? a) A piece of foam b) A sponge c)
A feather d) Red mud
44. Which of these is a value needed in creative work? a) Carelessness b) Honesty c)
Wastefulness d) Lateness
45. The Ekwe drum belongs to which family of instruments? a) Chordophones b)
Aerophones c) Idiophones d) Membranophones
46. What is a "Half Note"? a) A note with a value of one beat. b) A note with a value of
two beats. c) A note with a value of four beats. d) A note with a value of half a beat.
47. What is the most important thing about improvised materials? a) They are always
free. b) They are expensive. c) They make a unique mark. d) They are very difficult to
use.
48. What is the art of telling a story by acting it out called? a) Theatre b) Drama c)
Drawing d) Music
49. What is the use of weaving to make baskets, mats, and clothes? a) A source of income
b) A creative hobby c) A traditional skill d) All of the above
50. The value of Hard Work helps an artist to... a) Get good ideas. b) Be truthful. c)
Finish their work. d) Be careful.
 SECOND TERM
1-2. Modelling

Meaning of Modelling

Modelling is the art of making three-dimensional objects by shaping soft materials. It is a

very fun way to create sculptures. The most common materials for modelling are clay or
plasticine.

Sources of Modelling Clay

In some places, you can find natural clay for modelling.

 From a base or rock: Sometimes, clay can be found in the ground or as part of a soft
rock.
 Near a river: Natural clay is often found in the banks of a river or stream, where the
soil is rich and moist.

3-4. Body Movement in Dance

Rhythm in Dance Movement

Rhythm is the pattern of the music's beat. When you dance, you need to listen to the rhythm
and move your body in time with it.

 Body Movement to Rhythms of Music: Good dancers move their bodies to match
the rhythm. If the music has a fast beat, they dance quickly. If the beat is slow, they
dance slowly.
 Demonstrative Body Movements: You can also use your body to show what the
music is about. If the music sounds happy, you can move your body in a joyful way.

5-6. Culture

What is Culture?

Culture is the way of life for a group of people. It includes their language, their food, their
traditional clothes, their art, and their beliefs. Our culture makes us who we are.

Types of Culture

 Material Culture: These are the physical objects that are part of a culture, like tools,
art, and traditional clothes.
  Non-material Culture: These are the ideas and beliefs of a culture, like their songs,
stories, and customs.

Tribes and Their Culture

Every tribe has its own unique culture. For example:

 Hausa: Known for their beautiful embroidered clothing and music with instruments
like the Kakaki.
 Yoruba: Known for their rich traditions, music with drums like the Bata, and
beautiful beads.
 Igbo: Known for their masquerade dances, their Ekwe and Udu drums, and their
vibrant festivals.

7-8. Inculcating Value into Cultural Creative Arts

This topic reminds us of what we have already learned. Values are important beliefs that
guide us. In art, values like hard work, honesty, creativity, and precision are very
important. When we practice these values in our creative work, we make better art and
become better people.

9-10. Forms of Music

What is Music?

Music is a pleasing and organized sound that is created to be beautiful to the ear.

Types of Music

There are many types of music, each with its own style. Some types are:

 Traditional Music: Music that has been passed down from our ancestors, often with
local instruments and dances.
 Religious Music: Songs that are sung in churches or mosques.
 Popular Music: The music that is popular today, often played on the radio or on your
phone.
 Classical Music: Music that is often old and created with instruments like violins and
pianos.

11-12. Mosaics

What is a Mosaic?
A mosaic is an art form created by arranging small pieces of material, like broken tiles, glass,
or stones, to create a bigger picture or pattern.

Materials for Mosaic Making

You can use many materials to make a mosaic:

 Broken pieces of ceramic tiles

 Small stones or pebbles
 Pieces of coloured glass
 Glue or cement to hold the pieces together
 A board or surface to create your mosaic on

Production of Mosaic to Reflect an "Ill" in Our Society

Art can be used to tell a story or to show an important idea. For example, you can create a
mosaic to reflect a problem in our society, like littering. You could create a picture of a clean
park and then add some broken, scattered pieces to show how ugly littering is. It's a way of
using art to send a message.

Cultural and Creative Arts: Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is "modelling"? a) The art of painting on a canvas. b) The art of making three-
dimensional objects from soft materials. c) The art of acting in a play. d) The art of
playing a musical instrument.
2. What is a common material used for modelling? a) Wood b) Metal c) Plasticine d)
Stone
3. Where can natural modelling clay be found? a) In a kitchen b) Near a river c) In a car
d) On a tree
4. What is a "rhythm" in dance? a) How fast or slow you move. b) The pattern of the
music's beat. c) The space around you. d) The force you use.
5. What should a good dancer do when dancing to a fast beat? a) Dance slowly. b) Stop
dancing. c) Dance quickly. d) Sit down.
6. What is a demonstrative body movement? a) A movement that shows what the music
is about. b) A movement that is very slow. c) A movement that is very fast. d) A
movement that is quiet.
7. What is a tribe's "culture"? a) The food they eat for one day. b) The way of life for a
group of people. c) The clothes they wear for a party. d) The name of their country.
8. Which of these is an example of non-material culture? a) Traditional clothes. b)
Musical instruments. c) Songs and stories. d) Tools.
9. Which tribe is known for its beautiful embroidered clothing? a) Igbo b) Yoruba c)
Hausa d) Edo
10. Which tribe is known for its rich traditions and music with drums like the Bata? a)
Igbo b) Yoruba c) Hausa d) Ijaw
11. What is a "value" in art? a) A type of paint. b) An important belief that guides how we
act. c) A kind of drawing. d) The price of an artwork.
12. What value means being truthful and fair in your work? a) Creativity b) Honesty c)
Hard Work d) Precision
13. What is the ability to come up with new and original ideas called? a) Hard Work b)
Honesty c) Creativity d) Precision
14. What is a "mosaic"? a) A type of music. b) An art form made from small pieces of
material. c) A kind of drum. d) A type of dance.
15. What kind of materials are used to make a mosaic? a) Large pieces of wood. b) Whole
glass sheets. c) Small pieces of broken tiles. d) Whole bricks.
16. What can a mosaic be used for in art? a) To tell a story or send a message. b) To make
a musical sound. c) To be a type of food. d) To learn to fly.
17. What is "music"? a) An unorganized sound that is not pleasing. b) A loud noise. c) A
pleasing and organized sound. d) A kind of a mosaic.
18. Which of these is a type of music? a) Traditional Music b) Loud Music c) Fast Music
d) Quiet Music
19. Which type of music has been passed down from our ancestors? a) Pop Music b)
Religious Music c) Classical Music d) Traditional Music
20. What is an example of "material culture"? a) Songs b) Stories c) Traditional clothes d)
Beliefs
21. What is the art of making sculptures from clay or plasticine called? a) Drawing b)
Painting c) Modelling d) Weaving
22. What makes a Udu (a clay pot) a musical instrument? a) Its colour. b) Its size. c) It is
put together to produce sound. d) It is very old.
23. How do good dancers use their bodies with music? a) They move randomly. b) They
move in time with the rhythm. c) They stand still. d) They close their eyes.
24. What does the culture of a tribe include? a) Their traditional clothes. b) Their
language. c) Their art and beliefs. d) All of the above.
25. What is the value of Honesty important for? a) It helps us win. b) It helps us be good
people. c) It helps us to dance well. d) It helps us to sing loudly.
26. Which type of music is often played in churches or mosques? a) Traditional Music b)
Religious Music c) Popular Music d) Classical Music
27. What is the main idea of making a mosaic? a) To make a loud sound. b) To create a
picture from small pieces. c) To make a large sculpture. d) To draw on a board.
28. Which tribe is known for its masquerade dances and Ekwe drums? a) Hausa b)
Yoruba c) Igbo d) Fulani
29. How is a mosaic different from a painting? a) A mosaic uses small pieces, while a
painting uses colours. b) A mosaic is always smaller. c) A mosaic is always bigger. d)
A mosaic is made of soft materials.
30. What is the opposite of "organized sound"? a) A pleasing sound b) Music c) Noise d)
Rhythm
31. What is a goal of "inculcating value" in creative arts? a) To make a lot of money. b)
To learn to be a better person. c) To make the art look shiny. d) To learn a new song.
32. What is a key feature of the Hausa culture mentioned in the notes? a) The use of the
Bata drum. b) The use of the Ekwe drum. c) Beautiful embroidered clothing. d)
Masquerade dances.
33. What is Plasticine used for? a) Painting b) Modelling c) Singing d) Weaving
34. Which of these is a source of modelling clay? a) A tree branch b) Near a river c) The
sky d) A piece of paper
35. The Kakaki is a long trumpet from the culture of which tribe? a) Igbo b) Yoruba c)
Hausa d) Edo
36. How is music often described? a) As a messy sound. b) As an organized sound. c) As
a random sound. d) As a quiet sound.
37. What kind of music is often heard on the radio today? a) Traditional Music b)
Religious Music c) Popular Music d) Classical Music
38. The value of Creativity in art helps us to have... a) Good morals. b) New and original
ideas. c) Good friendships. d) A good mood.
39. What is the art of using small pieces of glass to create a picture? a) Painting b)
Weaving c) Modelling d) Mosaic
40. What can art, like a mosaic, be used for? a) To show a message about society. b) To
make a sound. c) To make a sculpture. d) To draw on a wall.
41. A Bata drum and a Ekwe drum are used in which culture? a) Hausa b) Igbo c)
Yoruba d) All of them
42. What is "modelling" an art of? a) Making two-dimensional objects. b) Making three-
dimensional objects. c) Making music. d) Making a pattern.
43. Which of these is an example of material culture? a) A belief b) A story c) A
masquerade costume d) A language
44. Which of these is NOT a source of modelling clay mentioned in the notes? a) Near a
river b) From a base or rock c) In a kitchen d) In the ground
45. How does a dancer respond to the rhythm of music? a) They move in time with the
beat. b) They make a loud noise. c) They stay in one place. d) They sit down.
46. What does Culture include? a) Language and food. b) Traditional clothes. c) Beliefs
and stories. d) All of the above.
47. What is the value Hard Work important for? a) To be loud. b) To make your work
messy. c) To be able to sing well. d) To get the work done.
48. What is the main idea of a mosaic? a) To make a picture by joining small pieces. b)
To make a picture by using a lot of paint. c) To make a picture by drawing with a
pencil. d) To make a picture by singing a song.
49. Which kind of music is often old and created with instruments like violins? a) Popular
Music b) Classical Music c) Religious Music d) Traditional Music
50. What is "modelling"? a) An art form of painting. b) A way of creating stories. c) A
way of making three-dimensional objects. d) A way of dancing.
 THIRD TERM
Hello, Primary 4! Let's continue our creative adventure with some notes on different forms of
art, drama, and local skills.

1-2. Collage

What is a Collage?

A collage is an art form created by sticking different materials onto a surface, like paper or
cardboard. You can use anything you find, such as pieces of paper, cloth, leaves, old
magazine cutouts, or string. The word "collage" comes from a French word that means "to
glue."

Functions of a Collage

A collage is not just fun to make; it also has some important functions:

 To tell a story: You can use different pictures to tell a story without using words.
 To create texture: By using different materials, you can make your artwork feel
rough, smooth, or bumpy.
 To express ideas: A collage can be used to show your feelings or ideas about a topic.
 To recycle: It is a great way to use up old materials and not waste them.

3-4. Introduction to Forms of Drama

Types of Drama

Drama is a very big art form, but we can divide it into different types.

 Tragedy: A serious story that often has a sad ending.

 Comedy: A funny story that is meant to make people laugh.
 Musical: A story that includes singing and dancing.

Forms of Drama

Drama can be performed in many forms. The two main forms are:

1. Play-acting: This is when actors pretend to be different characters and act out a story
in a planned way.
2. Mime: This is when a story is told using only body movements, gestures, and facial
expressions, without any talking.
5-6. Functions of Drama

Drama is very important because it does many things for us and our society.

 Entertainment: The main function of drama is to entertain people and make them
happy.
 Education: Drama can teach us about history, different cultures, and important life
lessons.
 Communication: Drama helps people to express their feelings and ideas.
 Cultural Expression: It is a way for a tribe or a group of people to share their
traditions, beliefs, and stories.
 Moral lessons: Plays can teach us about what is right and what is wrong.

7-8. Aims and Objectives of Apprenticeship

What is an Apprenticeship?

An apprenticeship is a system where a young person learns a skill or a trade from an

experienced person, called a "master" or "master craftsman." The young person, or
"apprentice," works with the master for a long time to learn everything about the skill.

Aims and Objectives

The main goals of an apprenticeship are:

 To pass on a skill: The main goal is for the master to teach their skills so that they are
not forgotten.
 To learn a trade: The apprentice learns how to do something well, like carving,
weaving, or building.
 To become a professional: By the end of the apprenticeship, the apprentice can
become a professional and make a living from their new skills.

9-10. Carving

What is Carving?

Carving is the art of using tools to shape a solid material by cutting away pieces from it. It's
like sculpture, but you remove material instead of adding it.

Materials for Carving

You can carve many different materials, such as:

 Wood: A very common material for carving.

 Stone: Hard and strong material used for large sculptures.
 Soap: A soft material that is easy for beginners to carve.
  Clay: Soft and easy to carve when wet.

Types of Carving

 Relief Carving: This is when you carve a design into a flat surface so that the picture
stands out, but it is still attached to the surface.
 Carving in the Round: This is when you carve an object all the way around so that it
is a full, three-dimensional sculpture.

11-12. Forms of Local Architecture

What is Local Architecture?

Local architecture is the traditional way of building and designing houses and structures in a
community. It uses materials and methods that are common in the area.

Materials Used

Local architecture often uses materials that are easy to find, such as:

 Mud or clay: Used to build the walls of houses.

 Thatch or dry grass: Used to make roofs.
 Wood: Used for support beams and doors.
 Stones: Used for building foundations.

Types of Architecture

 Traditional Architecture: Houses and buildings that are built using old, traditional
methods passed down through generations.
 Modern Architecture: Buildings that are built with new and modern materials like
cement, steel, and glass.

Basic Considerations in Local Architecture

Purpose of Local Architecture

The main purpose of local architecture is to build a safe and comfortable shelter for people.
The houses are built to:

 Be strong: So they can protect people from rain, sun, and storms.
 Stay cool: To be comfortable in the hot climate.
 Use local materials: So that they are easy to build and repair.

Sources
Cultural and Creative Arts: Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is a "collage"? a) A type of dance. b) An art form created by sticking different

materials on a surface. c) A kind of music. d) A type of clay for modelling.
2. What does the word "collage" mean in French? a) "To cut" b) "To paint" c) "To glue"
d) "To draw"
3. What is one of the functions of a collage? a) To make a loud noise. b) To tell a story.
c) To sing a song. d) To play a game.
4. Which of these materials can be used to make a collage? a) Water b) Pieces of old
magazines c) A whole brick d) A live animal
5. What kind of story has a sad ending in drama? a) A comedy b) A tragedy c) A
musical d) A mime
6. Which type of drama is meant to make people laugh? a) A comedy b) A tragedy c) A
musical d) A mime
7. A drama that includes singing and dancing is called a... a) Comedy b) Tragedy c)
Musical d) Mime
8. What is the main difference between play-acting and mime? a) Play-acting uses
words, while mime uses only body movements. b) Play-acting is funny, and mime is
sad. c) Play-acting is only for boys, and mime is for girls. d) There is no difference.
9. What is one of the main functions of drama? a) To make food. b) To be used for
entertainment. c) To build houses. d) To make a painting.
10. Drama can teach us about history and life lessons. This is an example of what
function? a) Entertainment b) Education c) Communication d) Moral lessons
11. What is the aim of drama in cultural expression? a) To make people angry. b) To
show traditions and stories. c) To make people sleep. d) To make people leave.
12. What is an "apprenticeship"? a) A system for buying things. b) A system for learning
a skill from a master. c) A system for playing games. d) A system for planting crops.
13. What is the main aim of an apprenticeship? a) To forget old skills. b) To become a
lawyer. c) To pass on a skill so it is not forgotten. d) To watch television.
14. What is a young person who learns a trade from a master called? a) A teacher b) A
student c) An apprentice d) A builder
15. What is "carving"? a) Adding material to create a sculpture. b) Using tools to shape a
solid material by cutting away pieces. c) Painting a picture on a wall. d) Sticking
materials together.
16. Which of these is a material that can be used for carving? a) Water b) Wood c) Sand
d) Paper
17. Which material is soft and easy for beginners to carve? a) Stone b) Wood c) Steel d)
Soap
18. What type of carving is done on a flat surface so the picture stands out? a) Carving in
the round b) Relief carving c) Flat carving d) Square carving
19. A sculpture that is carved all the way around so it is three-dimensional is called... a)
Carving in the round b) Relief carving c) Flat carving d) Wall carving
20. What is a "local architecture"? a) A type of carving. b) A place to find materials. c)
The traditional way of building in a community. d) A type of dance.
21. Which material is often used in traditional local architecture? a) Glass b) Steel c) Mud
d) Cement
22. What material is often used for roofs in local architecture? a) Thatch or dry grass b)
Steel c) Cement d) Glass
23. A house built with old, traditional methods is an example of... a) Modern architecture
b) Traditional architecture c) Foreign architecture d) New architecture
24. A building made with cement and glass is an example of... a) Traditional architecture
b) Local architecture c) Modern architecture d) Mud architecture
25. What is the main purpose of local architecture? a) To build a shiny house. b) To build
a safe and comfortable shelter. c) To build a small house. d) To build a house very
quickly.
26. Which of these is a function of drama? a) To make a painting. b) To teach us moral
lessons. c) To sing a song. d) To play a game.
27. A person who learns a skill in an apprenticeship works with a... a) Student b)
Neighbour c) Master craftsman d) Friend
28. What is the main aim of a "moral lesson" in drama? a) To teach us what is right and
what is wrong. b) To make us laugh. c) To make us dance. d) To help us draw.
29. What is the art of telling a story without words? a) Play-acting b) Musical c) Mime d)
Comedy
30. Which material is a very common choice for carving? a) Plastic b) Wood c) Paper d)
Fabric
31. What is the name for the audience watching a drama? a) The actors b) The students c)
The people who are watching d) The players
32. What is a function of a collage that helps to save materials? a) To create texture. b) To
tell a story. c) To recycle. d) To express ideas.
33. What is the main goal of apprenticeship? a) To forget skills. b) To learn a skill from
a master. c) To watch movies. d) To earn money without working.
34. Why is local architecture important? a) It is built with expensive materials. b) It uses
materials that are easy to find. c) It is always a modern building. d) It is always small.
35. What is the difference between a tragedy and a comedy? a) A tragedy is funny, and a
comedy is serious. b) A tragedy is for children, and a comedy is for adults. c) A
tragedy is serious and sad, and a comedy is funny. d) There is no difference.
36. What is a basic consideration in local architecture? a) The purpose of the building. b)
The cost of the building. c) The colour of the building. d) The shape of the building.
37. A drama that has singing and dancing is called... a) A musical b) A mime c) A
comedy d) A tragedy
38. What is an example of a visual art? a) Drama b) Music c) A collage d) Mime
39. What is the main purpose of a house built with local architecture? a) To be beautiful.
b) To be very tall. c) To provide shelter. d) To be for sale.
40. What is "carving in the round"? a) A full, 3-dimensional sculpture. b) A sculpture on
a wall. c) A drawing on paper. d) A small design.
41. What is the art of using gestures and facial expressions without words? a) Mime b)
Play-acting c) Musical d) Comedy
42. What is the main objective of an apprenticeship? a) To sing and dance. b) To become
a professional. c) To play games. d) To draw pictures.
43. How does drama help with communication? a) It makes people talk less. b) It helps
people express feelings and ideas. c) It makes people watch TV. d) It makes people
listen to music.
44. Which material is often used for foundations in local architecture? a) Dry grass b)
Mud c) Wood d) Stones
45. A play that is meant to make an audience happy is an example of what function? a)
Entertainment b) Education c) Moral lessons d) Cultural expression
46. What is the art of removing material from wood or stone to make a shape? a)
Weaving b) Carving c) Painting d) Modelling
47. What is a function of a collage that makes it feel different? a) To create texture. b) To
tell a story. c) To recycle. d) To entertain.
48. What is a "master" in an apprenticeship? a) A young person learning a skill. b) A
child. c) An experienced person who teaches a skill. d) A person who watches.
49. What is a moral lesson in drama? a) A serious story. b) A funny story. c) A lesson
about what is right and wrong. d) A song with dancing.
50. What is "local architecture"? a) A modern building. b) A traditional way of building
houses. c) A foreign design. d) A house made of metal.
 PRIMARY SIX
FIRST TERM
Hello, Primary 5! Let's get our pencils and paper ready to learn about different types of
drawing.

1-2. Still Life Drawing

What is Still Life Drawing?

Still Life Drawing is the art of drawing objects that do not move. You arrange some objects
on a table or surface and then draw what you see. These objects are "still," so they won't
move while you are drawing them.

Still Life Objects

You can use many different things for still life drawing. Common objects include:

 A pot
 A cup
 A bowl
 A kettle
 A jug

You can also use fruits, vegetables, books, or anything else you can find!

3-4. Life Drawing

What is Life Drawing?

Life Drawing is the process of drawing the human figure from observation. This means you
are drawing a real person. The person who poses for you is called a model. They stay very
still so you can draw them.

 Parts of the Body: In life drawing, you can draw the whole person or just parts of
their body, like their head, hands, legs, or stomach.
 Model Direction: In class, a person can stand or sit in the center of the room. The
other pupils can surround them and draw from different sides. This helps everyone see
a different view of the model.

5. Imaginative Composition
What is an Imaginative Composition?

Imaginative Composition is the art of creating a picture from your imagination or memory.
You don't have an object or a person in front of you. You use your mind to think of a scene
and then draw it.

6-7. Experiences that can be Composed

You can use your imagination to draw many different scenes from your experiences or from
stories you have heard. Here are some examples of things you can draw:

 A scene of musicians and dancers at a local festival.

 An interesting scene from a local ceremony, such as a marriage, a child naming, or
a title-taking ceremony.
 A picture of two rams fighting.
 A picture of two boys wrestling on a field.

Tie and Dye

What is Tie and Dye?

Tie and dye is a way of creating beautiful, colourful patterns on cloth. You tie or fold parts
of the fabric very tightly before putting it in a dye. The parts that are tied or folded tightly do
not get the colour, which creates a unique pattern. The name "tie and dye" literally means to
tie the cloth and then dye it!

Methods of Making Tie and Dye

There are many ways to tie or fold the cloth to get different patterns.

 Folding: You fold the cloth in different ways, like an accordion, a fan, or a square.
 Tying: You use string or rubber bands to tie the cloth very tightly in different spots.
 Knotting: You tie small or large knots directly into the cloth itself.
 Pleating: You make many small, neat folds on the cloth, like pleats on a skirt, and
then tie them.
 Stitching: You use a needle and thread to sew a pattern on the cloth. When you pull
the thread tight, it gathers the cloth to create the pattern.
 Marbling: This is a more advanced method that creates a swirled, marble-like
pattern. You twist and wrap the cloth in a random way before tying it.

Producing Tie and Dye

To produce a tie-dye piece, you choose your method, tie your cloth, prepare your dye, and put
the cloth in the dye for a while. Then, you take it out, untie it, and let it dry to see your
beautiful pattern!
Batik

Batik is another way to make patterns on fabric, but it uses wax instead of ties. It is a very
old and special art form.

 How it works: You apply hot wax to the parts of the fabric that you want to keep
their original colour. When the wax cools, it becomes hard and creates a barrier.
 Dyeing: You then dip the fabric in the dye. The parts with the wax will not get the
colour.
 Removing the Wax: After the fabric is dyed and dry, you remove the wax by
scraping it off or melting it away. The parts that were covered with wax will have a
different colour from the parts that were dyed, creating a beautiful pattern.

Bead Making

What are Beads?

Beads are small, decorative objects with a hole in them. They come in many different
colours, shapes, and sizes. They can be made from plastic, glass, wood, stone, or even bones.

Uses of Beads

Beads are used for many different things:

 Decoration: They are used to make necklaces, bracelets, earrings, and other beautiful
accessories.
 Cultural Wear: In many cultures, beads are a very important part of traditional
clothes and ceremonies.
 Art: Artists use beads to create wonderful pictures and sculptures.

Materials for Bead Making

To make a simple necklace or bracelet, you will need:

 A string, thread, or wire

 A needle (for thread)
 The beads you have chosen
 A clasp or fastener to hold the ends together

Making of Beads

Making beads is a fun and simple process. You simply string the beads one by one onto your
thread or wire to create a pattern or design. When you are finished, you tie the ends together
or add a clasp.

Sources
Creative Arts: Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is "still life drawing"? a) The art of drawing moving objects. b) The art of
drawing objects that do not move. c) The art of drawing a person. d) The art of
drawing from memory.
2. Which of these is a common object for a still life drawing? a) A car b) A pot c) A bird
d) A person
3. What is the main idea of "life drawing"? a) To draw a still object. b) To draw from
your imagination. c) To draw the human figure from observation. d) To draw a fruit
bowl.
4. Who is a "model" in life drawing? a) A special art tool. b) A person who poses for the
artist. c) A type of paper. d) A kind of pencil.
5. What is "imaginative composition"? a) Drawing a person in front of you. b) Drawing
objects that are not moving. c) Creating a picture from your imagination or memory.
d) Drawing a still life.
6. Which of these is an example of an imaginative composition? a) A drawing of a
kettle. b) A drawing of a person sitting in a chair. c) A drawing of two rams fighting.
d) A drawing of a pot.
7. A drawing of musicians and dancers at a local festival is an example of what? a) Still
life drawing. b) Life drawing. c) Imaginative composition. d) Observational drawing.
8. What is "tie and dye"? a) A way of painting on wood. b) A way of creating patterns
on cloth. c) A way of drawing with pencils. d) A way of making a sculpture.
9. What happens to the parts of the cloth that are tied tightly in "tie and dye"? a) They
get a lot of colour. b) They do not get the colour. c) They become soft. d) They
become hard.
10. Which of these is a method of making "tie and dye"? a) Painting b) Carving c)
Knotting d) Modelling
11. What is "pleating" in "tie and dye"? a) Tying with a string. b) Tying knots in the cloth.
c) Making many small, neat folds. d) Sewing a pattern.
12. The method that uses a needle and thread to sew a pattern in "tie and dye" is called...
a) Tying b) Folding c) Stitching d) Marbling
13. What is "Batik"? a) A method that uses wax to make patterns on fabric. b) A method
that uses only knots. c) A type of painting. d) A type of drawing.
14. What does the wax do in the Batik process? a) It makes the fabric colourful. b) It
makes the fabric smell nice. c) It creates a barrier that resists the dye. d) It makes the
fabric strong.
15. How is the wax removed after dyeing in Batik? a) By washing it with cold water. b)
By scraping it off or melting it away. c) By sewing it. d) By tying a knot.
16. What are "beads"? a) Small, decorative objects with a hole in them. b) A type of fruit.
c) A kind of plant. d) A type of musical instrument.
17. Which of these is a use of beads? a) Making food. b) Making necklaces and bracelets.
c) Making a painting. d) Making a loud noise.
18. What is a key material for making beads? a) Glue b) Wax c) A string or wire d) A
piece of wood
19. How do you make a simple beaded necklace? a) By tying knots only. b) By painting
the beads. c) By stringing the beads onto a thread or wire. d) By gluing the beads
together.
20. What are beads used for in many cultures? a) As a food source. b) As part of
traditional clothes and ceremonies. c) As a kind of weapon. d) As a type of ink.
21. What kind of drawing is it when you draw a human figure? a) Still life drawing b)
Life drawing c) Imaginative composition d) Observational drawing
22. A drawing of a jug and a bowl is an example of what? a) Life drawing. b) Imaginative
composition. c) Still life drawing. d) Observational drawing.
23. Which of these can be used as a material for bead making? a) Stone b) Fabric c) Clay
d) Emulsion
24. A drawing of a marriage ceremony is an example of what? a) Still life drawing b) A
life drawing c) An imaginative composition d) A mosaic
25. What is the main idea of Batik? a) To use ties to make a pattern. b) To use wax to
resist dye. c) To use paint on a canvas. d) To make a sculpture.
26. What does the word "tie and dye" literally mean? a) To fold and paint. b) To knot and
glue. c) To tie the cloth and then dye it. d) To stitch and sew.
27. What is the process of drawing a person who poses for you? a) Still life drawing. b)
Life drawing. c) Imaginative composition. d) Observational drawing.
28. What is a "model" in the context of art? a) A person who watches the artist. b) A
person who buys the art. c) A person who poses for the artist. d) A person who makes
the art.
29. What is the main purpose of still life drawing? a) To draw objects that are always
moving. b) To draw things from your memory. c) To draw objects that do not move.
d) To draw a person's face.
30. In imaginative composition, where do you get your ideas from? a) From a book. b)
From your imagination or memory. c) From a still life object. d) From a model.
31. How can you make an improvised brush? a) By using a feather. b) By using a piece of
foam. c) By using a chewed stick. d) All of the above.
32. What is a "rhythm" in dance? a) How fast or slow you move. b) The pattern of the
music's beat. c) The space around you. d) The force you use.
33. Which tribe is known for its Kakaki? a) Yoruba b) Hausa c) Igbo d) Edo
34. How does an Idiophone produce sound? a) By hitting a stretched skin. b) By
vibrating itself. c) By using air. d) By vibrating a string.
35. A Round Character is a person in a play who... a) Never changes their mind. b)
Always has a sad ending. c) Changes and learns over time. d) Is always happy.
36. What is the use of an apprenticeship? a) To learn a skill from a master. b) To make a
lot of money. c) To sing songs. d) To play games.
37. A drama that has singing and dancing is called a... a) Comedy b) Tragedy c) Musical
d) Mime
38. The art of using tools to shape a solid material by cutting away pieces is called... a)
Modelling b) Weaving c) Carving d) Painting
39. What is a type of carving where the design stands out on a flat surface? a) Carving in
the round. b) Relief carving. c) Stone carving. d) Wood carving.
40. Which of these can be used as an improvised pen? a) A piece of foam. b) A feather. c)
A bunch of grass. d) A sponge.
41. What is a motif? a) A type of music. b) A single design that is repeated to create a
pattern. c) A kind of bead. d) A form of dance.
42. What are beads used for in art? a) To make a musical sound. b) To make wonderful
pictures and sculptures. c) To draw with. d) To make a house.
43. What is local architecture? a) A modern building with glass and steel. b) A
traditional way of building in a community. c) A foreign design. d) A house made of
bricks.
44. Which of these is a material used for local architecture? a) Cement b) Steel c) Mud or
clay d) Glass
45. The value of Hard Work in art means... a) Being lazy. b) Trying your best and not
giving up. c) Giving up easily. d) Making a mess.
46. What is a Whole Note? a) A note with a value of one beat. b) A note with a value of
two beats. c) A note with a value of four beats. d) A note with a value of half a beat.
47. What is "modelling"? a) The art of making two-dimensional objects. b) The art of
making sculptures from soft materials. c) The art of weaving. d) The art of painting.
48. What is the purpose of a house built with local architecture? a) To be a shiny building.
b) To provide a safe and comfortable shelter. c) To be very tall. d) To be for sale.
49. What is a "collage"? a) A type of drawing. b) An art form made by sticking materials
onto a surface. c) A way of creating music. d) A form of acting.
50. The art of creating a picture from your imagination is called... a) Still life drawing. b)
Life drawing. c) Imaginative composition. d) Observational drawing.
 SECOND TERM

Hello, Primary 5! Get ready to learn about the exciting world of rhythm. Rhythm is all around
us, in music, dance, and even in our daily lives.

1-2. Rhythms Pattern

What is Rhythm?

Rhythm is the pattern of sounds and silence in music. It's the "beat" that makes you want to
tap your feet or clap your hands. Think of it like a heartbeat—it has a regular, repeating
pattern.

Rhythm is also the pattern of movement in a dance. The way a dancer's feet move to the
music is a rhythm.

Here are some notes for Primary 5 on the topics you provided, focusing on rhythm, drama,
and natural resources.

Rhythms and Clapping

Clapping to Rhythm

One of the best ways to understand rhythm is to clap it! Clapping helps you feel the beat and
the pattern. When a teacher or a musician says "clap to the rhythm," it means you should clap
your hands at the same time as the beat you hear.

 Rhythms in Twos: These rhythms have two beats in a pattern. You can clap along
like this: Clap - clap, Clap - clap. Think of the sound of a drum beat for a march.
 Rhythms in Threes: These rhythms have three beats in a pattern. You can clap to
them like this: Clap - clap - clap, Clap - clap - clap. Think of a waltz or a dance
where you move in three steps.
 Rhythms in Fours: These rhythms have four beats in a pattern. Many popular songs
are in fours. You can clap along like this: Clap - clap - clap - clap, Clap - clap - clap -
clap. The first clap is often a little louder, which helps you feel the pattern.

3. Melody Making Choir

What is a Choir?
A choir is a group of people who sing together. They often sing songs in parts, which means
different groups of people sing different notes at the same time to create a beautiful sound.

Parts in a Choir

A four-part choir has four main groups or parts:

 Soprano: The highest singing part, usually for women and children.
 Alto: A lower singing part for women.
 Tenor: A high singing part for men.
 Bass: The lowest singing part for men.

Identification of Melodic Part

The melodic part is the main tune of the song. In a four-part choir, the soprano part usually
sings the main melody, which is the tune you hum or sing along with. The other parts (alto,
tenor, and bass) sing notes that support the melody and make the song sound rich and full.

4-5. Elements of Drama

What are the Elements of Drama?

The elements of drama are the most important parts that make a play or performance
happen. They can be divided into two groups:

Written / Unwritten Elements

 Plot: The story of the play. It's what happens from the beginning to the end.
 Language: The words and sounds the actors use to tell the story.
 Characterization: How the actors show the audience who their characters are, what
they feel, and what they want.

Performance Elements

 Actor/Actress: The people who act out the story. An actor is a male, and an actress is
a female.
 Stage: The place where the drama is performed.
 Audience: The people who watch the play.
 Sound: Music and sound effects that help tell the story.
 Lighting: The way the stage is lit to create different moods or to show where the
audience should look.

6-7. Creating Drama

Forms of Drama Creation

There are different ways to create a play.

 Scripted (Written) Drama: The play has a written script that the actors follow. The
script has all the words and directions written down.
 Unscripted (Unwritten, Verbal, Improvised) Drama: The actors make up the story
as they go along. They do not have a written script. They use their imagination to
create the dialogue and the plot as they perform.

8-9. Casting and Rehearsal

Drama Construction Processes

 Casting: This is the process of choosing the actors for the different characters in a
play. The director decides who will be the best fit for each role.
 Rehearsal: This is when the actors practice the play over and over again before they
perform it for the audience. They practice their lines, movements, and expressions.

Skills Required by an Actor

An actor needs several important skills:

 Memorization and Focus: An actor must be able to remember their lines and
movements and stay focused during the performance.
 Confidence: An actor needs to be confident to perform in front of an audience.

10. Introduction to Staging a Play

What is Staging a Play?

Staging a play means preparing and putting on a play for an audience. This includes all the
work that happens after the script is written, like building the set, designing costumes, and
setting up the lights.

Personnel Involved in Staging a Play

Many people work together to stage a play:

 The Director: The person in charge of the whole production.

 The Actors: The people who perform the play.
 The Stage Manager: The person who manages everything that happens on the stage.
 Set Designers: The people who build the set.
 Costume Designers: The people who make or find the costumes.
11-12. Utilization of Natural Resources

Natural Resources in Nigeria

Nigeria has many important natural resources that are used to make different products.

 Iron Ore: A rock that contains iron. It is used to make steel for cars, buildings, and
tools.
 Crude Oil and Natural Gas: These are found deep under the ground. They are used
to make fuel for cars and to power machines.
 Crushed Rocks and Gravel: Used for building roads and houses.
 Clay: Used to make pots, bricks, and tiles.
 Limestone: Used to make cement for buildings.
 Gypsum: Used to make plaster and cement.

Uses of Mineral Resources

These natural resources are used by many different industries to create things we use every
day.

Industries and Natural Resources

 Iron ore is used in the iron and steel industry.

 Crude oil and natural gas are used in the petroleum industry.
 Crushed rocks and gravel are used in the construction industry.
 Clay, limestone, and gypsum are also used in the construction industry to make
building materials.

Utilization

The utilization of these resources means using them in a smart and efficient way to help our
country grow and develop.

 What is rhythm? a) The loudness of music. b) The pattern of sounds and silence in music.
c) The words in a song. d) The instrument being played.

 A rhythm in twos is often used for what? a) A waltz. b) A march. c) A lullaby. d) A fast
dance.

 How many beats are in a rhythm in threes? a) Two b) Three c) Four d) One

 A rhythm with four beats is often found in what? a) A choir. b) A play. c) A popular song.
d) A march.

 What is a "choir"? a) A group of people who play instruments together. b) A group of

people who dance together. c) A group of people who sing together. d) A group of people
who act together.

 Which part of a four-part choir sings the highest notes? a) Bass b) Tenor c) Alto d)
Soprano
 Which part in a four-part choir sings the lowest notes? a) Soprano b) Alto c) Tenor d)
Bass

 The main tune of a song is called the... a) Rhythm b) Melody c) Beat d) Part

 What is the main story of a play called? a) Plot b) Language c) Characterization d) Stage

 What is "characterization" in drama? a) The place where the play is performed. b) The
words the actors use. c) How actors show the audience who their characters are. d) The lights
on the stage.

 What is the name for the place where a drama is performed? a) Audience b) Stage c) Plot
d) Script

 The people who watch a play are called the... a) Actors b) Directors c) Audience d) Stage
Managers

 What is a play that has a written script that the actors follow? a) Improvised Drama b)
Unwritten Drama c) Scripted Drama d) Verbal Drama

 What is a drama where actors make up the story as they go along? a) Scripted Drama b)
Written Drama c) Improvised Drama d) Planned Drama

 What is "casting" in drama? a) Practicing a play. b) Choosing actors for a play. c)

Building the set. d) Writing the script.

 When actors practice a play over and over again, it is called... a) Casting b) Rehearsal c)
Staging d) Improvisation

 What skill is required for an actor to remember their lines? a) Running b) Singing c)
Memorization and focus d) Dancing

 What does "staging a play" mean? a) Writing a play. b) Preparing and putting on a play
for an audience. c) Watching a play. d) Singing in a choir.

 The person in charge of a whole play production is called the... a) Actor b) Stage Manager
c) Director d) Audience

 Who is responsible for building the set for a play? a) The actors b) The director c) The set
designers d) The audience

 Which of these is a natural resource found in Nigeria? a) Plastic b) Rubber c) Iron Ore d)
Glass

 What is Crude Oil used to make? a) Fuel for cars b) Cement c) Bricks d) Plaster

 What are crushed rocks and gravel used for? a) Making fuel. b) Building roads and
houses. c) Making pots. d) Making plaster.

 What is clay used to make? a) Steel b) Fuel c) Bricks and pots d) Cement
 What is the name of the industry that uses crude oil and natural gas? a) Iron and Steel
Industry b) Construction Industry c) Petroleum Industry d) Food Industry

 What does "utilization" of resources mean? a) Wasting them. b) Hiding them. c) Using
them in a smart and efficient way. d) Throwing them away.

 The lowest singing part for a man in a choir is the... a) Soprano b) Alto c) Tenor d) Bass

 The person who manages everything on the stage is the... a) Director b) Actor c) Stage
Manager d) Costume Designer

 What is the purpose of lighting in a play? a) To make a lot of noise. b) To create different
moods. c) To tell the story. d) To make the play longer.

 What is a written script used for in drama? a) To tell a story with improvisation. b) To
give actors the words and directions they need. c) To tell the audience where to sit. d) To
show the audience the plot.

 What is the main idea of a rhythm in threes? a) It sounds like a drum beat for a march. b)
It has three beats in a pattern. c) It is used in popular songs. d) It is the lowest singing part.

 What is the highest singing part in a choir? a) Bass b) Tenor c) Alto d) Soprano

 What is the main purpose of "rehearsal"? a) To choose the actors. b) To build the set. c)
To practice the play before a performance. d) To write the script.

 Which of these is a part of a four-part choir? a) Speaker b) Tenor c) Dancer d) Musician

 The story of a play from the beginning to the end is the... a) Characterization b) Plot c)
Stage d) Audience

 What is the role of the Costume Designer? a) To build the set. b) To manage the stage. c)
To make or find the costumes. d) To choose the actors.

 What natural resource is used to make steel for cars? a) Crude Oil b) Limestone c) Iron
Ore d) Clay

 The words and sounds actors use to tell the story are called... a) Language b) Plot c)
Characterization d) Sound

 What does the term "unscripted" mean in drama? a) The actors make up the story as they
go along. b) The actors read from a script. c) The actors have no lines. d) The actors only
sing.

 What is the purpose of clapping to rhythm? a) To make a loud noise. b) To help you feel
the beat and the pattern. c) To scare away animals. d) To show that you are happy.

 What is "Casting"? a) When actors practice their lines. b) When the director chooses the
actors. c) When the audience claps. d) When the costumes are made.
 The person who manages everything on the stage is called the... a) Director b) Actor c)
Stage Manager d) Costume Designer

 Which of these is used to make cement for buildings? a) Crude Oil b) Limestone c) Iron
Ore d) Crushed Rocks

 A group of people who sing songs in parts is called a... a) Band b) Choir c) Dance troupe
d) Cast

 The people who perform a play are called... a) The audience b) The designers c) The
actors d) The managers

 What is the purpose of "Memorization and Focus" for an actor? a) To make the play short.
b) To remember lines and stay focused during the performance. c) To make the audience
laugh. d) To build the set.

 What natural resource is used in the petroleum industry? a) Clay b) Limestone c) Iron Ore
d) Crude Oil and Natural Gas

 What is the main purpose of "Sound" in a play? a) To make a lot of noise. b) To help tell
the story. c) To distract the audience. d) To make the play longer.

 What is the purpose of Confidence for an actor? a) To remember their lines. b) To

perform well in front of an audience. c) To design the set. d) To make the play funny.

 What natural resource is used to make plaster? a) Clay b) Limestone c) Gypsum d) Iron
Ore
 THIRD TERM

Primary 6 Notes: Values, Maintenance, and Recycling

1-2. Values and Maintenance

Meaning of Value

Value means how much something is worth. This isn't just about money! A valuable item can
be important because it is useful, beautiful, or special to you. For example, your school
uniform has value because it helps you look smart and identifies you as a student.

Relationship between Values and Maintenance

Maintenance is the act of taking care of something to keep it in good condition.

 If you take good care of something (good maintenance), you help it to keep its value.
 For example, when you wash and iron your school uniform, you are doing
maintenance. This keeps the uniform looking good, so it continues to have value.

3-4. How to Add Value Through Maintenance (e.g., by Recycling)

One clever way to add value to old things is by recycling them. Recycling means taking old
items and turning them into new, useful things.

Examples of Recycled Items

 Old newspapers and magazines: The colourful pages can be cut and used for art
projects. You can tear them into small pieces to make a special type of paper called
paper mache, which can be used to create sculptures and masks.
 Broken plastic: Instead of throwing away a broken plastic can, you can cut the
healthy parts into beautiful shapes. These can be used as a colour palette for painting
or as a base for a new piece of art.
 Bottle caps and broken pieces of glass: These can be cleaned and glued onto a
surface to create colourful mosaics.

5-6. Recycling for Functional Art Work

Functional art is a piece of art that is also useful. You can recycle many items to create
functional art.

Recycling Items into Functional Art

 Old Toys: An old toy car or a doll can be used to decorate a pencil holder or a photo
frame.
 Plates and Cups: The broken pieces of a plate can be used to make a beautiful
mosaic on a tabletop or a pot.
 Packages: Old boxes, cans, or plastic bottles can be decorated with paint and other
materials to make useful storage containers, such as a box for your pens or a bowl for
small items.
 Decorative Materials / Wall Hangers: You can collect small items like bottle caps,
buttons, or pieces of wire and glue them together on a flat surface to create a unique
wall hanger for your room.

Method of Recycling: Paper Mache

Paper mache is a popular method of recycling paper. You tear up old paper into small pieces,
mix it with a paste (like flour and water), and then shape it into any form you want. When it
dries, it becomes hard and strong.

7-8. Recycling for Functional Art Works

Users of Recycled Products

Everyone can use and create recycled products! You can make things for yourself, your
family, or even for your school.

Characteristics of Recycled Products

Recycled products are special because:

 They are unique: No two recycled products are exactly the same.
 They are creative: They show your creativity by giving old things a new purpose.
 They are friendly to the environment: By recycling, you are helping to keep our
planet clean and healthy.
 They add new value to items that were once considered useless.

Primary 6: Values, Maintenance, and Recycling - Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is "value" in the context of art and objects? a) Only the amount of money
something costs. b) The worth of something because it is useful, beautiful, or special.
c) How heavy an object is. d) The color of an object.
2. What is "maintenance"? a) Throwing something away. b) Breaking an object. c) The
act of taking care of something to keep it in good condition. d) Buying something
new.
3. According to the notes, what is the relationship between values and maintenance? a)
Maintenance makes an item lose its value. b) Good maintenance helps an item keep
its value. c) Values have nothing to do with maintenance. d) Maintenance is only for
expensive items.
4. How can you add value to old items? a) By recycling them. b) By buying more items.
c) By leaving them to get dirty. d) By throwing them away.
5. What does "recycling" mean? a) Breaking things into smaller pieces. b) Throwing
things in the trash. c) Taking old items and turning them into new, useful things. d)
Hiding old items.
6. Which of these is a good example of an item for recycling? a) Fresh fruit. b) New
clothes. c) Old newspapers and magazines. d) Brand-new books.
7. What can broken pieces of plastic be used for in art? a) To make a new toy. b) To use
as a color palette. c) To make a noise. d) To make a new bottle.
8. What is a popular method of recycling paper mentioned in the notes? a) Mosaics b)
Carving c) Paper Mache d) Modelling
9. What is "functional art"? a) Art that is only for looking at. b) Art that is only for
decoration. c) A piece of art that is also useful. d) Art that is very old.
10. What can you create by decorating old boxes and cans? a) A new toy. b) A useful
storage container. c) A new car. d) A new computer.
11. What can broken pieces of plates and cups be used for? a) Mosaics. b) Painting. c)
Making music. d) Drawing.
12. A wall hanger made from bottle caps and buttons is an example of... a) Useless art. b)
Non-functional art. c) Functional art. d) Expensive art.
13. What is a key characteristic of recycled products? a) They are always the same. b)
They are expensive to make. c) They are unique and creative. d) They are messy.
14. What does recycling help to do? a) Make more trash. b) Keep our planet clean and
healthy. c) Make items lose their value. d) Make our homes messy.
15. What is "Paper Mache"? a) A type of paint. b) A method of recycling paper to create
sculptures. c) A kind of drawing. d) A type of cleaning.
16. Who can use and create recycled products? a) Only artists. b) Only adults. c) Only
children. d) Everyone.
17. What does "Pound Paper" mean in recycling? a) To recycle money. b) A method of
recycling paper mentioned in the notes. c) A way to make paper heavier. d) A way to
break paper.
18. What is the value of your school uniform? a) It has no value. b) It has value because it
helps you look smart and identifies you. c) Its value is only in how old it is. d) Its
value is in how many buttons it has.
19. Why is a recycled product friendly to the environment? a) Because it is made of new
materials. b) Because it creates more waste. c) Because it helps to use up old things
and reduce trash. d) Because it is always expensive.
20. What can old toys be recycled into? a) Decorations for a new project. b) New cars. c)
New shoes. d) New food.
21. What does it mean to say a recycled product has new value? a) It is expensive. b) It is
useful for a new purpose. c) It is easy to make. d) It is very strong.
22. Which of these is an example of maintenance? a) Throwing away a broken cup. b)
Washing and ironing a uniform. c) Buying new clothes. d) Making a mess.
23. What is the relationship between good maintenance and value? a) Good maintenance
adds new value to an old item. b) Good maintenance helps an item keep its original
value. c) Good maintenance makes an item worthless. d) Good maintenance only
works for new items.
24. A wall hanger made from bottle caps is an example of... a) A messy item. b) A
valuable art piece. c) A recycled product. d) Both b and c.
25. What is the purpose of creating "functional art"? a) To make art that is useless. b) To
make art that is also a tool or useful item. c) To make art that is very big. d) To make
art that is very small.
26. Which of these is a material that can be recycled for a new project? a) New paper b)
Fresh vegetables c) Old magazines d) A full bottle of soda
27. The art of arranging pieces of broken glass or plates to make a picture is called... a)
Painting b) Modelling c) Mosaics d) Drawing
28. What does recycling show about old things? a) That they are useless. b) That they can
be given a new life and a new purpose. c) That they should be thrown away. d) That
they are expensive.
29. What is the art of creating sculptures with torn pieces of paper? a) Painting b) Paper
Mache c) Collage d) Modelling
30. What is a "decorative material"? a) Something that makes a mess. b) Something used
for storage. c) Something used to make something look beautiful. d) Something that is
thrown away.
31. How does recycling help the environment? a) It creates more waste. b) It makes
things get dirty. c) It reduces the amount of new materials we need. d) It adds more
pollution.
32. What can a broken plastic can be cut into? a) A food item. b) A colour palette for
painting. c) A new building. d) A new car.
33. What is the purpose of "Pound Paper" in recycling? a) To make a loud noise. b) To
make a new piece of paper. c) To break a paper into small pieces. d) To make paper
stronger.
34. A picture of two rams fighting is an example of... a) Still life drawing. b) Imaginative
composition. c) Life drawing. d) Observational drawing.
35. What is a "motif"? a) A type of paint. b) A single design that is repeated to create a
pattern. c) A kind of music. d) A form of dance.
36. What is the main purpose of still life drawing? a) To draw objects that are always
moving. b) To draw things from your memory. c) To draw objects that do not move.
d) To draw a person's face.
37. A Soprano is the highest singing part in a choir, usually for... a) Men and boys. b)
Men and children. c) Women and children. d) Women and boys.
38. What is the art of using tools to shape a solid material by cutting away pieces? a)
Modelling b) Weaving c) Carving d) Painting
39. What is "unscripted drama"? a) A play with a written script. b) A play where the
actors make up the story as they go. c) A play without actors. d) A play with only
music.
40. What is a Half Note? a) A note with a value of one beat. b) A note with a value of
two beats. c) A note with a value of four beats. d) A note with a value of half a beat.
41. What natural resource is used to make steel for cars? a) Crude Oil b) Limestone c)
Iron Ore d) Clay
42. What is the main purpose of "rehearsal" for a play? a) To choose the actors. b) To
practice the play before a performance. c) To build the set. d) To write the script.
43. Which of these is a form of local architecture? a) Modern architecture. b) Foreign
architecture. c) Old architecture. d) Glass architecture.
44. What is a "value" in the context of beliefs? a) An important idea that guides how we
act. b) A type of music. c) A type of food. d) A kind of dance.
45. What is the art of interlacing two or more strands to create a fabric? a) Drawing b)
Weaving c) Painting d) Modelling
46. What is a common material used for modelling? a) Stone. b) Wood. c) Plasticine. d)
Metal.
47. What is a Tragedy in drama? a) A funny story. b) A serious story with a sad ending.
c) A story with singing and dancing. d) A story with no words.
48. A rhythm with two beats in a pattern is called a rhythm in... a) Threes b) Fours c)
Twos d) Ones
49. What is a choir? a) A group of people who dance. b) A group of people who play
instruments. c) A group of people who sing together. d) A group of people who draw.
50. What does Imaginative Composition mean? a) Drawing what you see. b) Drawing
from your memory. c) Drawing still objects. d) Drawing a person.