THE PAST PERFECT TENSE (THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH)

1. Cách dùng:
- Diễn tả hành động đã hoàn thành trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ.
Eg: All the shops had closed by 5 pm. (Tất cả các cửa hàng đóng cửa trước 5
giờ chiều)
- Diễn đạt một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác trong quá
khứ. Hành động xảy ra trước dùng quá khứ hoàn thành - xảy ra sau dùng
quá khứ đơn.
- Cách dùng này thường xuất hiện trong câu phức có mệnh đề thời gian: When,
before, after, no sooner,... hoặc các trạng từ như already, never, before.
+ Before/ By the time + S + V2/Ved, S + had + V3/ed
Eg: Before I watched TV, I had done my homework. (Trước khi tôi xem
ti vi, tôi đã hoàn thành xong bài tập.)
+ After + S + had + V3/ed, S + V2/Ved
Eg: After I had done my homework, I watched TV. (Sau khi tôi làm xong bài
tập thì tôi xem ti vi.)
+ S + had + no sooner + V3/ed + than + S + V2/Ved
Eg: He had no sooner gone out than it began to rain. (Không bao lâu sau
khi anh ta ra ngoài thì trời đổ mưa)
+ Đảo ngữ:
No sooner + had + S + V3/ed + than + S + V2/Ved
Eg: No sooner had he gone out than it began to rain. (Không bao lâu sau
khi anh ta ra ngoài thì trời đổ mưa)
+ Hardly/ Scarely + had + S + V3/ed + when + S + V2/Ved
Eg: Hardly had I arrived home when the telephone rang. (Ngay sau khi tôi
vừa vè đến nhà thì điện thoại reo)

2. Công thức:

Công thức
(+) Khẳng định S + had + V3/ed

Eg: By 4pm yesterday, he had left his house. (Anh ta đã

rời nhà trước 4 giờ chiều ngày hôm qua.)
(-) Phủ định S + had + not + V3/ed
Eg: By 4pm yesterday, he had not left his house. (Anh ta vẫn
chưa rời nhà trước 4 giờ chiều ngày hôm qua.)
 (?) Nghi vấn Had + S + V3/ed?

Eg: Had he left his house by 4pm yesterday? (Có phải

anh ta đã rời nhà trước 4 giờ chiều hôm qua?)
-> Yes, he had / No, he hadn’t.

3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết:

● By the time, prior to that time
● Before, after
● As soon as, when
● Until: cho đến khi
● Hardly/ Scarely/ ..... when….: ngay sau khi ………. thì …….
● No sooner ……..than……: không bao lâu sau khi……thì…….

BÀI TẬP LUYỆN TẬP

Ex 1: Complete the sentences, using the past perfect of the suitable verbs
in the box above
1. They (go) ................... home after they (finish................. their work.
2. She said that she (already, see) ..................... Dr. Rice.
3. After taking a bath, he (go) ..................... to bed.
4. He told me he (not/eat) ..................... such kind of food before.
5. When he came to the stadium, the match (already/ begin) ......................
6. Before she (watch) ..................... TV, she (do) .....................
homework.
7. She (go) ..................... to the supermarket before she (go) ..................... home
8. After they (go) ..................... , I (sit) ..................... ..down and
(rest) .....................
9. Yesterday, John (go) ..................... to the store before he
(go) ..................... home.
10. She (win) ..................... the gold medal in 1986.
11. Our teacher (tell) ……… us yesterday that he (visit)............ England
in 1970.
12. Alan (have)…….hardly (prepare)…..for dinner when her husband
(go) ….home
13. No sooner ……….I (watch)………. TV than the phone (ring)………
 14. When I got to the office, I (realize)………..that I (forget)…......... to
lock the front door.
15. After I (wash)……………….my clothes, I (sleep) ………………
16. She didn’t notice that she (never/ see)................. that film before
17. I suddenly (remember)………….that I (forget)…........ my key.
18. I couldn’t attend the evening classes because I worked at night.
→ If I (not work).................. at night, I would have attended the evening
classes.
19. I didn’t have a laptop so I wish I (have)...................................... a
laptop.
20. You didn’t stay home. I would rather you (stay)...................... home.

Ex 2: Rewrite the sentences with the given words

1. I had a bath. Then I went to bed
- After ……………………………………………………………………
2. We arrived. The party finished.
- By the time …………………………………………………………
3. We hung the picture on the wall. Then it fell down.
- No sooner………………………………………………………………
4. She wrote the letter. Then she went to the post office.
- Before ……………………………………………………………………
5. I didn’t go to bed. I did my homework. (Until)
….……………………………………………………………………………

Ex 3: Circle the correct form of the verb in the past simple or past
perfect to match the context of the sentence.

1. The robbers left/ had left the bank when the policemen finally arrived/
had arrived.
2. When the rain started/ had started, the Atkinsons finished/ had finished
planting trees.
3. By the time Rebecca went/ had gone into the store, she got/ had got
soaked.
4. Darcey saw/ had seen this castle before she came/ had come again last
Sunday.
5. Mr.Palmer didn’t speak/ hadn’t spoken any Chinese before he moved/
had moved to Peking.
6. Sonny got / had got fainted by the time the ambulance reached/ had
reached the hospital.
7. When my mother brought/ had brought me an apple, I finished/ had
finished my homework.
8. Mrs.Wilkinson refused/ had refused to drive the car because she had/ had
had a terrible accident on the highway about a year ago.
9. I didn’t think/ hadn’t thought of having a new house before I saw/ had
seen that ad on TV.
10. My uncle didn’t try/ hadn’t tried Italian food before went/ had gone to
that restaurant.

Ex 4: Choose the answer that has the same meaning as the given sentence

1. I had already seen the film but I decided to watch it again last night.
a. I watched the film last night for the first time.
b. Last night wasn’t the first time that I had seen the film.
2. The boys were playing football while it was raining.
a. The boys were playing football until it started to rain.
b. The boys played football in the rain.
3. I was writing an e-mail when our computer broke down.
a. Our computer broke down before I wrote an e-mail.
b. I had started writing an e-mail and then our computer broke down.
4. My aunt bought me a lovely gift after she had spent the summer holiday
with us.
a. When the summer holiday was over, my aunt bought me a lovely gift.
b. While my aunt was spending the summer holiday with us, she bought
us a lovely gift