TOPIC 2: TRAVELLING

READING AND VOCABULARY

Ex1:
A. Look at the following sentences and decide if they are true or false. If they are false, explain why.
1. A travel agency is the same as a tour operator.
2. A package tour is a holiday in which the price includes flights, transfers to and from the airport and
accommodation.
3. An all-inclusive holiday is a holiday in which the price includes flights, transfers, accommodation, food and
drink.
4. When passengers embark, they get off an aeroplane or ship.
5. When passengers disembark, they get on an aeroplane or ship.
6. The first thing you do when you go to an airport is go to the check-in.
7. The first thing you do when you arrive at your hotel is check in.
8. The opposite of a package tourist is an independent traveller.
9. Mass tourism can have a negative effect on the environment.
10. Eco-tourism is tourism which has a negative effect on the environment.
11. The words trip, excursion, journey and voyage all have the same meaning.
12. It is always necessary to have a visa when you visit a different country.
13. A flight from London to Paris could be described as a long-haul flight.
14. Flying economy class is more expensive than flying business class.
15. A Canadian citizen flying to Japan will have to fill in an immigration card before he arrives.
B. Complete sentences 1-11 with a suitable word or expression from the box.
deported/ expatriates/ internally displaced/ repatriated/ immigration/ UNHCR
/ persona non grata /economic migrants/ culture shock/ emigration/ refugees
1. At the beginning of the war, thousands of ________________ flied over the border to the next country.
2. Since the civil war began, almost a million people have been forced to move to another part of the country.
These __________ persons are now without food or shelter.
3. Nineteenth-century governments encouraged __________________ to the colonies.
4. The government is encouraging _________ because of the shortage of workers in key industries.
5. Going from California to live with hill tribes in India was something of a ________.
6. Thousands of British _______ live in Singapore, where many of them have high-powered jobs.
7. The ___ is under a lot of pressure owing to the huge number of displaced persons around the world.
8. He was ______ from the country when his visa expired.
9. Because he had a criminal record, the government didn’t want him to enter the country, declared him ____
and asked him to leave immediately.
10. After the economy collapsed in the east, thousands of _____ headed west in the hope of finding a good job.
11. He didn’t want to be ______, but nevertheless was put on a plane back home.
C. Complete the gaps with one of the words or expressions from Tasks A and B. In some cases, more than
one answer may be possible. You may need to change the form of some of the words.
Most of us have, at some point in our lives, experienced the joys of travel. We go to the 1
_________________ to pick up our brochures. We book a two-week 2 _________________ with flights and
accommodation included (or if we are 3 _________________ we make our own way to the country and travel
around from place to place with a rucksack on our back). We make sure we have all the right currency, our
passport and any 4 _________________ that are necessary to get us into the country. We go to the airport
and 5 _________________. We strap ourselves into our tiny 6 _________________ aircraft seats and a
few hours later we 7 _________________ from the aircraft, strange new sights, smells and sounds greeting
us. Nowadays, it seems, the whole world goes on holiday at once: the age of 8 _________________
is in full swing!
But for the great majority of people around the world, travel for them is done in the face of great adversity
and hardship. They never get to indulge in an
9 _________________ holiday in a luxury hotel with all meals and drinks included. They never get to explore
the lush Amazon rain forest or the frozen wastes of the Arctic on an 10 _________________ holiday. For
them, travel is a matter of life and death. I refer, of course, to all the 11 _________________ escaping from
their own countries, or the 12 _________________, moved from one part of their country to another by an
uncaring government, or 13 _________________ forced to find a job and seek a living wherever they can.
Can you imagine anything worse than the misery these people must face? Let’s not confuse them with those 14
_________________, who choose to live in another country and often have nice houses and high salaries.
These people are simply desperate to survive. As well as losing their homes because of war or famine or other
natural disasters, they must come to terms with their new environment: for many, the 15
_________________ can be too great. And while many countries with an open policy on 16
_________________ will welcome them in with open arms, others will simply turn them away. These people
become 17 _________________, unwanted and unwelcome. Even if they manage to get into a country, they will
often be 18 _________________ or repatriated. Their future is uncertain.
Something to think about, perhaps, the next time you are 19 _________________ to your five star hotel by a
palm-fringed beach or sitting in a coach on an 20 _________________ to a pretty castle in the countryside.
Ex2. General descriptions of tourist destinations
For tourists yearning to escape the crowd, wander off the beaten track and get back to nature, Suriname
increasingly looks a promising choice. Nobody in Suriname claims that the country boasts the best sand, sea and
sun in the Caribbean. But that, in a way, is precisely the point: there aren't hordes of people either.
As Henk Essed, director of the Suriname Tourism Foundation, observes: We don't really need masses of
tourists like we have in the rest of the Caribbean. Instead. Suriname's modest tourism sector focuses on what
makes the country different. The biggest attraction for visitors seeking something out of the ordinary is the
wealth of wildlife. Large tracts of the country are still covered by virgin rainforest, home to a huge range of
flora and fauna.
There is great potential to develop ecotourism as one of the major sources of income in the near future, says
Harold Sijibing, managing director of Stinasu, an organization which promotes conservation of wildlife and
ecological awareness.
Find words or phrases in the passage which mean:
1. original and natural
2. plants and animals (Latin); a fixed phrase
3. holidays that respect the environment
4. a choice which could be a very good one
5. to have something that is impressive
6. looking for something different/unusual
7. go where there are not many people
8. go to places tourists don't normally go
9. tourist industry (formal)
10. areas of land
11. live a natural, rural style of life
12. crowds, in a negative sense
13 large amount of (formal)
Ex3: Complete the expressions and collocations in these sentences.
1. Malaysia _________________ some of the loveliest beaches in Asia.
2. The tourism _________________ is very important to the economics of many developing countries.
3. It is vital that tourism should not damage the flora and _________________ of beautiful areas of wildlife.
4. Most tourists like to feel free to _________________ off the _________________ track.
5. Nobody likes to travel to a place where there will be _________________ of other tourists.
6. People who spend all their time in big cities often like to _________________ back to nature when they go
away for a holiday.
7. If you’re seeking something out of the ._________________ why nor try a snowboarding holiday? It’s certainly
different!
8. When I travel I always try to _________________the crowd and find somewhere quiet.
9. There are vast _________________ of unspoilt land in the north of the country, with _________________
rainforests and a _________________ of wildlife.
10 We’ve studied the brochures and Tasmania looks a _________________ choice for this year.
Ex4: Use words from B opposite to fill che gaps, based on the words given in brackets.
1 This company is excellent and their prices are _________________. (RIVAL)
2 You should go into the _________________ to sec the true culture of the country. (HEART)
3 There are some absolutely _________________ beaches o the north. (STUN)
4 I think Suntravel is _________________ when it comes to cheap destinations. (BEAT)
5 The mountains were so _________________. Many were over 5,000 metres high. (AWE)
6 We rented a _________________ villa. It was nice to he so near the beach. (WATER)
7 1 just want somewhere quiet and relaxing to _________________ for a week. (WIND)
8 Everyone needs to _________________ their batteries now and again. (CHARGE)
Ex5. Look at these pairs of words with similar meanings. Complete the sentence pairs 1—8 with words from
the table.
itinerary journey
encounter meet
pivotal significant
seek look for
intense profound
dreary dull
valuable priceless
destination goal
1. a. You can use the expression ……………….if you are trying to find something.
b. …………….. is a more formal word that you can use if you are trying to find something that is quite important, a
job for example.
2. a. If something is …………….., it is boring and depressing.
b. If something is ……………….., it is not interesting or exciting.
3. a. Your …………….. is the place that you hope to reach.
b. Your ………………… is something that you hope to achieve.
4. a. If you ……………………someone, you may come across them unexpectedly or because you have arranged to get
together.
b. If you ……………………. someone, you come across them, usually unexpectedly.
5. a. When you make a ………………, you travel from one place to another.
b. An ……………. is the plan you make before you travel.
6. a. If something is ……………………., it is very meaningful and may affect the way you think and feel.
b. If something is ……………………, it is extreme in strength or degree.
7. a. A ………… role, point or figure in something is one that is important.
b. A ………………..role, point or figure in something is one that is very important and affects the success of that
thing.
8. a. If something is …………………………., it is very useful and/or worth a lot of money.
b. If something is …………………………, it is extremely useful and/or worth a great deal of money.
Ex6: Finish the following sentences with a suitable word.
1 According to our _________________ we should be in Zanzibar by 8.30 Tuesday evening.
2 Many people travel to the tropics, -ing sun and adventure.
3 Their_________________ through Africa was one that they had been looking forward to for years.
4 If you travel without making reservations, you are likely to _________________ problems.
5 Our trip to the coast was rather _________________ as it was overcast and the beaches were dirty.
6 Retrieving my stolen passport was a _________________ moment-after that, everything went smoothly.
7 After expLoring the caves, we’re going to _________________ my cousin and his wife at the local bar.
8 Seeing the poverty in that part of the word was a very _________________ experience -it made me sad and
thoughtful.
Ex7: Give the correct forms of the words in brackets.
Passage 1:
SKIING HOLIDAYS IN COLORADO
To ski or snowboard in Colorado is to experience the pinnacle of winter sports. The state of Colorado is known
for its spectacular scenery and (1. BREATH) ______________ views, which inspire today's travelers as much
as they spurred on the (2. SETTLE) ______________ who first arrived in this part of the US over a century
ago. And whether you're seeking the outdoor adventure of a (3. LIFE) ______________ exciting nightlife or a
great family getaway, Colorado has everything you need.
November through April, snow conditions are (4. CONSIST) ______________ and reliable, featuring
Colorado's (5. LEGEND) ______________ “champagne powder” snow. Extensive snow making and grooming
operations always keep trails in top shape.
The mountain destinations in the Colorado Rockies can turn your wildest ski dreams into thrilling (6. REAL)
______________ .There, you'll find the best skiing and snowboarding on (7. PICTURE) ______________
slopes, as well as the finest ski schools in the US. Together, they present an (8. PARALLEL) ______________
winter paradise. And the best part is that you'll enjoy friendly, (9. CARE) ______________ service in resorts
that are (10. COMMIT)
Passage 2:
 IS IT WORTH IT?
It is commonly believed that a break from everyday routine can only do you good. Every summer, you
can spot prospective (1) HOLDAY ______________ at airports and waiting for car ferries. They are (2)
MISTAKE ______________ - you can tell them a mile away by their sun hats and hopeful expressions.
For all their optimism, what often actually happens can be a rude (3) WAKE ______________
from the blissful holiday dreams of the rest of the year. Sunburn, mosquitoes and (4) FORESEE
______________ expenses can make you think twice about how (5) BENEFIT ______________ getting away
from it all really is.
The fact is, the (6) LIKELY ______________ of something going wrong is maximized when you are
abroad and, (7) FORTUNE ______________, your ability to deal with crisis and catastrophe is often
minimized. This could be because of language problems, (8) FAMILIAR ______________ with the culture, or
simply a different climate, all of which make everything seem different and unreal.
So, what is the answer? (9) DOUBT ______________, an annual escape from normal working life
is a very positive thing. However, the (10) WISE ______________ of seeking an exotic location is questionable
when you think of all the things that can go wrong.
Ex8. Read the text and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best completes each collocation or fixed phrase.
Most big cities were built long before the heyday of the private car. As a result, they rarely have enough space
for moving traffic or parked vehicles, and long queues of (l) …………..vehicles are a common sight. Indeed some
cities end up being almost permanently (2) ………… during the day. Those that have a relatively free (3) ………………..
either. The (4) ………….. of traffic at non-peak periods of the day do not escape either. The …………….. hour of early
morning or early evening can easily see traffic brought to a ………….. The effects of exhaust (6) …………. on air
pollution in cities has been well documented. Buses might be seen as the solution, but they move slowly because
of the sheer (7) ………….. of other traffic, thus encouraging more commuters to abandon (8)………… transport.
1) A standing B settled C stationary D static
2) A stuffed B saturated C crammed D congested
3) A flow B current C tide D flood
4) A push Brush C hasty D hurry
5) A standstill B hold-up C jam D freeze
6) A smells B odors C fumes D stinks
7) A size B volume C breadth D depth
8) A civic B mass C public D popular
Ex9: Match each person from the box with one of the comments.
hitchhiker, steward, passer-by, pedestrian, commuter, conductor, passenger,
driver, traffic ward, rambler
1. I love wandering through the countryside along deserted footpaths.
2. I'll bring you your drink in just a minute, madam
3. I've been waiting all morning at this roundabout for someone to stop.
4. I was just walking down the street opposite the bank when I saw it happen.
5. I've spent the last half an hour looking for a spot. It's hopeless
6. Ill ring the bell for you, when it’s time to get off
7. The sign clearly says two hours only and you've been here all day
8. It's just Impossible getting across the road here. We need a subway,
9. Do you think you could go a little more slowly, I'm a bit nervous.
10. This train is late every morning. It has been for years
Ex10: Both options make sense. Underline the one which forms a common collocation.
a) We managed to complete our journey ahead of/in front of/schedule.
b) On our way to York, we divided/broke our journey in Peterborough.
c) As I wasn't coming back by tram. I asked for a single/simple ticket.
d) The two coaches collided/bumped, but luckily no one was injured/wounded.
e) There has been widespread public enmity/opposition to the plan for a new road.
f) My car skidded/slipped off the road and hit a tree.
g) The train was packed, and there was standing place/room only.
h) Look at that enormous goods/industrial train - It must have 20 or 30 wagons!
i) The police accused Donald of breaking the speed limit/restrictions.
j) The Chairman made a brisk/flying visit to the company's new office in Brussels.
Ex11:Match the words or phrases in Column A with their strongest collocations in Column B
 Column A Column B
(a) toilet (i) luggage
(b) carry-on (ii) lodge
(c) cab (iii) bag
(d) foreign-exchange (iv) sickness
(e) ski (v) year
(f) cabin (vi) miles
(g) departure (vii) occupancy
(h) double (viii) counter
(i) air (ix) gate
(j) travel (x) crew
(k) gap (xi) fare

Which of the collocations above:

1. Is a term used describe a long break students often take before starting their third- level education?
2. Is a form of accommodation ?
3. Is a type of hotel-room booking?
Select an appropriate collocation from those you matched above to fill each gap in the following sentences:
4. The from the airport to the hotel was considerably less than I had feared it might be; I
read horror stories before I got here of how to tourists are frequently ripped off.
5. My exceeded the weight limit and to be put in the hold.
6. The was changed at the last minute, causing considerable confusion amongst
passengers wishing to board the flight.
7. I got 1000 bonus for using my frequent flyer number when booking.
Complete the following sentences by inserting the missing verb.
1. I don’t normally business class, but I had an operation only last week so comfort is my priority.
2. We’ve been on standby for the next available return-flight to Majorca.
3. Please via the rear exit of the plane.
4. The plane off from the runway without incident despite a strengthening crosswind.
5. His application for a visa was down due to an incident which occurred on a previous
visit to the country.
6. The flight has been by more than three hours on account of the adverse weather
conditions.
7. It is customary here in America to the bellboy at least 5% of the room-price.
8. He remains at Frankfurt airport until such time as the runway .
9. Efforts to the runway of lying snow have proved in vain as the clean-up crew have also
had to contend with fresh falls.
10. The plane was forced to to Jefferson Airport on account of the runway closures at its
original terminal destination.
Ex12: Give the correct form of the words in brackets
1. In the 80s, most __________________ (HOLIDAY) coming to this part of Mexico went to Cancun, a forest
of modern high-rise hotels servicing the huge US charter holiday market
2. For some there was a clear __________________ (CONTRADICT) between mass tourism and
environmental protection
3. Ecotourism means environmentally responsible travel and visitation to relatively __________________
(DISITURB) natural areas, in order to enjoy, study and appreciate nature.
4. Spanish money built a number of large resort hotels on the Riviera Maya, promising guilt-free holidays to
__________________ (CONSCIENCE) travelers.
5. There are now about 900 of these fabulous creatures in the park, and dozens have been
__________________ (INTRODUCE) into the wild
6. Other islands and marine reserves are less threatened due to their __________________ (AUTONOMY)
governance, such as the Kuna Indian province encompassing the San Blas islands, or by their isolation, such as
Coiba, which used to be a remote penal colony and is now a national park and World Heritage Site.
7. Ecotourism harms wildlife because it _________________ (DOMESTIC) animals, says research
8. It __________________ (PRIOR) conservation, communities and education, allowing tourists to not just
gain new experiences but also enhance their worldview through a mindful interaction with their destination.
9. Ecotourism, __________________ (CHARACTER) by responsible travel to natural areas that promotes
conservation of the environment, is one of the fastest growing segments of tourism worldwide.
Ex13: Complete the sentences using the compound nouns below.
check-in getaway outset let-up touchdown
mix-up letdown pile-up stopover washout
1. The camping trip was a complete __________________ - it poured down the whole weekend.
2. There was a ______________with our tickets - we were charged for one-way tickets and not a round trip.
3. We didn’t fly directly to Australia - we had a one-night __________________ in Singapore.
4. The motorway was blocked because there had been a __________________.
5. There was no __________________ in the noise outside our hotel and we couldn’t get to sleep.
6. I wish I had known at the __________________that the climb would be so difficult.
7. The celebrity couple spent their honeymoon at their island __________________ to avoid the press.
8. Your luggage may be inspected at __________________ for security reasons.
9. After __________________, please remain seated until the aircraft comes to a standstill outside the
terminal building.
10. In comparison with the exotic pictures in the brochure, the resort was a real __________________.
Ex14: Complete the expressions with the following words.
large * wide * back * round * sound * pieces * cons * buts * about * again
round and ______________ = going about in circles, lost
far and ______________ = many places
there and ______________ = going and returning
out and ______________ = various places, not staying indoors
pros and ______________ = good points and bad points
ifs and ______________ = doubts, objections
bits and ______________ = various small items
safe and ______________ = unharmed
by and ______________ = mostly
now and ______________ = occasionally
Complete the letter using the most suitable expression.
Dear Paul,
Greetings from London! After an eventful journey - I'll tell you all about it later - we finally got here (1)
________________________ . ________________________, thank goodness! We've been (2)
________________________ all week, seeing all the sights. This morning we went to Harrods, the famous
department store. I’d heard that people come from (3) ________________________ to shop there, but I
had no idea it would be so huge! Keith and I got lost and spent an hour wandering (4)
________________________ trying to find the food halls. It was fairly pricey of course, so I just bought a
few (5) ________________________ as souvenirs.
Anyway, despite the awful flight, (6) ________________________ it's seen great to spend a few days in the
bright lights of the big city - we all need a change of scene (7) ________________________, don't we?
See you next week.
Love.
Janet
Ex15: a. Choose the adjective that can come before all three nouns.

b. Complete the sentences with collocations from a.

Ex16: Match each formal sentence with its informal paraphrase.

Ex17: Fill in each gap with a suitable word.

Travelling on a student budget
There's no nicer activity (0) ...THAN.. planning adventures. Dreams of sun, sand, lively people and freedom (1)
___________ responsibility can be a welcome break from all the essays and exams (2) ___________ thrown
our way at this time of year. (3) ___________ is more, there are a variety of ways that students can travel (4)
___________ having to sell old games consoles and textbooks in search of extra cash. A popular choice is
interrailing around Europe; there are InterRail passes for a week and up to a month, ranging from as (5)
_________ as $152 to 365. Interrailing is an amazingly social experience, (6)_________ in my opinion, is
unlike any other. Then there is backpacking. You could, should you wish to, hitchhike and set (7) ___________
camp on the sides of roads, but in many countries, travel is cheap (8) ___________to suit even the most
economically-minded globetrotter and it's possible to stay in pleasant accommodation for no more than you'd be
paying for rent at university.
Ex18: Read and do the task that follow.
VISITING AUSTRALIA
A. Quarantine Arrangements
Australia is a beautiful country free from many pets and diseases found elsewhere in the world. Quarantine
helps keep it that way. When entering Australia, it’s vital that you declare on your coming passenger card any
food, live plants and animals and any items made from wood, plants or animals. Quarantine officers use detector
dog teams, X-ray machines and random baggage checks to detect undeclared quarantine items. If you conceal
items of quarantine concern, you may receive an on-the-spot fine or you could be prosecuted.
B. Health in Australia
Australia has a very high standard of hygiene and very safe food and drinking water. As a result, special
precautions are unnecessary. No vaccinations are required unless some time has been spent in an infected
country in the previous two weeks, although immunization is always a good idea if your international itinerary is
broad.
C. Health services
Australia offers free service at public hospitals to its own citizens and permanent residents and has universal
health care under the Medical system. This covers most or all of the cost of visiting a doctor. However, these
services only extend to citizens of the UK and New Zealand. All visitors have to pay in full and up-front for
dental treatment, ambulance charges and medicines. The cost of an unsubsidized, standard visit to a doctor is
currently around A$35, but serious illness can be much more expensive. Traveler’s insurance covering medical
care and medicines is therefore highly recommended. A personal basic medical kit could also be a good idea.
D. Fire Bans
Respect fire bans (broadcast on the radio) and be careful with cigarette butts and broken glass which can ignite
bush fires in hot, dry weather. If caught in a fire, head for a clearing ( avoid dense tree growths). If in a car get
off the road, stay in the vehicle, get under the dashboard and cover yourself, preferably with a woolen blanket.
E. The chances of being attacked, stung or bitten by poisonous wildlife are extremely remote but, if a poisonous
snake or spider should bite, try to stay calm, wrap the area in a tight bandage, keep very still and send for
medical help.
F. Bush Walking
If bushwalking or camping, be sure to leave ann itinerary with friends and go carefully prepared for the
contingency of getting lost. Remember that nights can be freezing despite the daytime temperature.
G. A similar procedure applies to poisonous marine life. Sea wasps are a deadly type of jelly fish which sting with
their tentacles, causing telltale welt marks. Wash the wound with vinegar and don not remove the stingers –
have clearly marked signs. Even if your English is less than perfect, the signs have clear illustrations of the
potential dangers of an area.
H. Bite and Fright
When walking in the bush and rainforest, be sure to wear boots, thick long socks and long trousers and be
careful about putting your hand into holes. Ticks and leeches are common so check your body thoroughly after
bushwalking. Ticks can be dangerous if not removed. They can be removed with kerosene or methylated spirits
(don’t break the head off inside your body) and leeches can be removed with salt or heat.
I. Australian Roads
There is a very clear division between inland and coastal roads. The built-up coastal area from South Australia
to Queensland (and the south western corner of Western Australia) is served by modern freeways and good
quality sealed roads. The further inland the traveler goes, the worse the roads become. In the far west of
Queensland, for example, the roads can be unsealed and around the Gulf it is common for a road to only have a
single width of tarmac. This means that if you come across a road train (they can be over 20 meters long)
carrying cattle you have to head off the road. This is not a humorous suggestion. Road trains need all the road
and expect on-coming traffic to head for the hills. They have trouble deviating and will destroy a car rather
than endanger their entire load.
Questions 1-6: Which paragraphs contain the following information? Choose the appropriate letters A-I.
1. a comparison between the interior and areas near the sea.
2. advice on litter
3. a warning about luggage
4. information on a problem which doesn’t occur often
5. advice about clothing
6. reassurance about what you can eat.
Questions 7-13: Do the following statements agree with the information given in reading passage 1?
Write : YES/NO/NOT GIVEN
7. If you try to bring things which are forbidden into Australia, you may be taken to court.
8. Under certain circumstances, vaccinations are obligatory for entry to Australia.
9. Only people with Australian nationality receive free medical treatment in Australia.
10. If you are trapped in a bush fire while driving, you should abandon your car.
11. Leech bites can cause dangerous infections.
12. Sea swimming is completely safe in protected areas.
13. If you meet a road train on a narrow road, leave the road.
Questions 14-18: Complete the following table with ONE OR TWO WORDS taken from the passage.
Problem of danger Precaution or remedy
Medical costs Obtain (14)………………
(15) ……………………… Find an open space away from trees.
getting lost in the bush Tell someone your (16)…………………in advance
Ticks and leeches Examine (17)………………………carefully after a walk
Snake or spider bite Put a (18) ……………………around it
Find words or phrases in the passage which mean:
1. Isolation to prevent diseases 6. Prohibitions
2. Immediate 7. Go towards
3. Taken to court 8. Possibility
4. Places you are going to visit, route you will take 9. Carefully and completely
5. In advance 10. Possible
11. Approaching, coming in the opposite direction
Ex19: Choose the word or phrase that best complete the sentence.

Ex20: Choose the best answer.

1. Despite the many ___ distractions she had to overcome, she achieved the success she deserved
A extended C external B extracted D extravagant
2. The total ___ of nuclear weapons would hopefully give the world something to celebrate.
A extermination C ellipsis B elimination D exception
3. The ___ of hard work bringing positive results is perhaps out of favour now in the modern world.
A abstract B opinion C concept D belief
4. Overconfidence due to overnight success can take us quickly down that road to failure.
A sticky C oily B slippery D slithery
5. Company headquarters are situated in the heart of the city.
A direct B exact C precise D right
6. He more and more experience until he finally reached the top of his profession.
A achieved B gained C earned D won
7. The preparations for the Olympic Games are on according to the committee in charge.
A goal C progress B target D aim
8. Following years of intense training, the accomplished athlete ___ the medal triumphantly.
A took off C ran off B went off D carried off
9. Having worked his fingers to the ___ for many years, he eventually saw the fruit of his hard work at the age
of fifty.
A end B edge C bone D nail
10. Once she had achieved the success she desired, she decided that it was time to ___ it easy for a while.
A take B make C have D do
11. There was a wonderful ski ___ way up in the mountains, suitable for the whole family.
A lodge C pension B hostel D house
12. The lucky survivors of the freak storm related their ___ tale to the eager journalists.
A challenging C gruelling B harrowing D saddening
13 The heat of the summer sun had caused the area to catch fire, leaving behind only ___, smoldering tree
trunks.
A blackened C deadly B smoky D dried
14 She was ___ an array of questions during the interview.
A put up with C put over B put forward D put through
15 The boss was ___ with the new employee over his qualifications and ability to perform his job well. A at a
loose end C at odds B at a loss D at a standstill
Ex21: Choose the best answer.
HANG SON DOONG
I’ve always been someone who 0) ___ out adventures, so imagine my excitement when I found out that my trip to
Vietnam would 1) ___with the opening up of the world’s largest cave to visitors for the first time. Only
discovered in 1990 by a local man, 2) ___ by accident, the cave wasn’t located again until 2009. 3) ___ to say, I
was awe-struck at the mere thought of touring a cave this large - it is 2.5 miles long and so high that it could 4)
___ a 40-storey skyscraper!
My adventure began in style with a night camping in Hang En cave, which has thousands of swallows nesting
overhead. The next morning, we trekked through 5) ___ pristine jungle to the entrance of Son Doong and
climbed down an almost vertical 80m drop into the darkness before swimming along a fast-flowing river. The
cave is so huge that there are wispy clouds near the ceiling. As we approached a massive skylight that lit up the
cave, a huge stalagmite that looked just like the paw of a dog came into 6) ___. This tour certainly isn’t for the
7) ___ of heart, but really there is nothing to be afraid of. Our guides were extremely knowledgeable,
professional and safety 8) ___ I've never had such an amazing adventure!
0. A. searches B. finds C. seeks D. discovers
1. A. coincide B. occur C. match D. correspond
2. A . exactly B. only C. practically D. purely
3. A . Worthless B. Needless C. Useless D. Pointless
4. A. fit B. contain C. include D. enclose
5. A. dense B. heavy C. concentrated D. rich
6. A. range B. glimpse C. view D. vision
7. A. bad B. slight C. mild D. faint
8. A. conscious B. sure C. informed D. wise
Ex22: Choose the best answer.
A WOMAN WHO WENT WHERE FEW MEN WOULD
Freya Stark (1893-1993) was an extraordinary woman who ventured into (1) ___ areas where few Europeans had
ever (2) ___ foot. Born in Paris, brought up in Italy, and educated in London, she was already (3) ___ before
deciding to learn Arabic at the age of 30. She travelled (4) ___ through Greece, Italy and Cyprus. However, her
passion was for exploring ancient lands of the Middle East. She was determined to make contact with the tribes
that populated the area before their traditional (5) ___ of life vanished forever. She led (6) ___ into the most
dangerous areas and despite the risks (she was even thrown into a military prison on one occasion), she always
returned safe and (7)___ During her travels, she completed a (8) ___ across the Valley of the Assassins,
famous not only for its rough (9) ___ but also for its murderous inhabitants, and followed in the (10) ___ of
Alexander the Great. In her long career she produced maps, (11) ___ lost cities, and worked as a spy and
propagandist, although it is as a travel writer that she is best remembered. She died at the age of 100, (12) ___
most women of her generation in more ways than one.
1. A. wide B. outward C. far D. remote
2. A . set B. put C. got D. placed
3. A . multipurpose B. outsmarted C. overvalue D. multilingual
4. A . broadly B. extensively C. deliberately D. privately
5. A . nature B. type C. way D. route
6. A . destinations B. explorations C. operations D. expeditions
7. A . round B. sound C. again D. back
8. A . turn B. track C. trek D. transfer
9. A . terrain B. itinerary C. scenery D. stopever
10. A. time B. trail C. footsteps D. departure
11. A. isolated B. discovered C. pioneered D. embarked
12. A. outnumbering B. outliving C. outstaying D. outweighing
Ex23: Use the word given in capitals at the end of some lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same
line.
INSIGHT TOURS
We are the only tour (1) OPERATE __________ that cater for the discerning traveller - the traveller who
wants something more than just a holiday. Our new brochure features a range of (2) SPECIAL __________
designed tours which will take you off the (3) BEAT __________ track to learn a bit more, to experience
a bit more and to prove that travel really does (4) BROAD __________ the mind. Whether you are (5)
FASCINATE __________ by historic cities, prefer the peace and tranquility of (6) SPOIL __________
countryside, or are looking for a far- (7) FLING __________ corner of the world where few (8) TRAVEL
__________ set foot. Insight has a tour that's perfect for you. We offer a range of all-(9) INCLUDE
__________ packages at the most (10) COMPETE __________ prices on the marker.
Ex24: Match the pairs of adjectives to the nouns.
A B
1. pristine/littered a traffic
2. temperate/extreme b regulations
3. delicate/fragrant c climate
4. gnarled/blackened d branches
5. sparkling/winding e coastline
6. heavy/slow-moving f blossoms
7. fanciful/literal g stream
8. unjustified/strict h interpretation
Now use one adjective from each set to complete the sentences below.
1. The _____________________ blossoms filled the air with a delightful perfumed scent.
2. The _____________________ traffic was further hampered by large crowds of sightseers.
3. Only by enforcing _____________________ regulations was it possible to keep the forest safe from
carelessly caused fires.
4. The _____________________ coastline is off-limits to boaters and fishermen.
5. Critics were not impressed with the reviewer's ____________ interpretation of such a serious book.
6. Bright green moss hung in sheets from the _____________________ branches of the old apple tree.
7. The sun shone brightly on the _____________________ stream that ran parallel to the road.
8. The _____________________ climate of the Arctic has little to offer tourists in search of a suntan.
Ex25: Match items from columns A and B to make idioms. Then use some of them, in their correct form,
to complete the sentences.
 A B
1. bring the a of one's seat
2. read somebody b the lines
3. face the c house down
4. let one's d beaten track
5. off the e shoestring budget
6. on a f music
7. on the g house
8. on the edge h like a book
9. paint the i hair down
10. read between j town red
1. Travelers differ from tourists in that they prefer getting ______ to holidaying at popular holiday spots.
2. The most amazing thing about this year's Oscar winning film is that it was made ______.
3. Don't believe everything you see in travel brochures; ______ before you make your final decision.
4. I know she doesn't really want to come out dancing with us. I can ______.
5. I can't believe I got the promotion! Let's go out and ______.
6. To make up for the poor service the restaurant owner told us our drinks were ______.
Ex26: You are going to read an article containing descriptions of campsite in Australia. Choose from the
descriptions (A-The descriptions may be chosen more than once.
1 Guests can go to bed in the open air if they wish.
2 It is possible to arrive at this camp by air.
3 The absence of technology is a bonus.
4 Guests are asked to show consideration for the ancient landscape.
5 The camp provides guests with simple means of transport free of charge.
6 Guests can find and prepare their own food here in the traditional way.
7 Guests can relax by enjoying the folklore of the region.
8 Guests have a personal washing area in a special facilities complex.
9 The camp offers guests some health and beauty activities.
10 The geography of the region is unusually varied.
11 Guests can dine In a very special location high up in a forest.
12 The people who built this camp liked something similar elsewhere
13 Guests sleep in an elevated position from which there are wide views.
14 The colors in the area are particularly striking.
15 Guests don’t have to tidy their own tents.
Campsites of Australia
We investigated the best campsites in Australia. This IS what we found out
A. Bamurru Plains, Northern Territory
Watch grazing water buffalo and kookaburras while basking in the pool at this luxury camp The nine safari tents
offer comfortable seclusion in a delightful position close to the Mary river flood plains and the abundant
wildlife. With no televisions or telephones, this is a wonderful retreat where the focus is the wilderness. Guests
can take river cruises, go hiking or explore nearby Kakadu National Park. This IS home to some 236 species of
bird The significance of the area lies in the variety of habitat: black soil floodplains, paperbark swamps,
savannah woodland, over mangroves and coastal beaches support an extraordinary diversity of birdlife Even in
the dry season the Swim Creek floodplain retains large areas of water where the birdlife congregates in vast
numbers.
B Kangaluna Camp, South Australia
Set in the ancient volcanic landscape of Gawler Ranges National Park. Kangaluna Camp comprises environmentally
sensitive tents that harvest rainwater and are ventilated by curving roofs. They are pitched in woodland where
emus and kangaroos are in abundance, but for a wilder experience, mattresses and sleeping bags can be set up
under the stars. A popular day trip is to Lake Gairdner, a glistening white salt pan contrasting with the crimson
Outback. Fantastic country style food is prepared in the main living area and, after dinner, enjoying drinks
around the camp fire listening to local legends or stargazing in the clearest night sky imaginable is the perfect
way to end an unbelievable and action-packed day.
C Paperbark Camp, New South Wales
Inspired by African safari holidays, the owners of Paperbark Camp decided to create their own version just
over two hours south of Sydney on Jervis Bay. The camp has evolved from a rustic retreat to a more
sophisticated set-up of elevated canvas tents - some with roll-top baths - pitched among eucalyptus and
paperbark trees Think camping for grown ups! There's plenty to do -forest walking trails, beach activities by
the bay. and back at camp, an architect-designed tree-top restaurant serving modern European food
Complimentary bikes and canoes are provided for guests enjoyment and are an eco-friendly way to explore the
local area Take the Paperbark Challenge and canoe to Husktsson and back, stopping off for a picnic and a swim
on the banks of the Currambene Creek, a great day’s activity'
D Wilson Island, Queensland
On this small coral island in the Great Barner Reef, you'll find more turtles than people. There are six luxury
double tents (each with raised timber floors, king-size bed with duvets and pillows, bathrobes, complete
screening and a daily housekeeping service). The central amenities building is the hub for your stay, with solar
power allowing for a host of creature comforts including piping hot showers. Each tent has its own designated
private shower and dressing area in the bathhouse, only a short stroll away, other than diving or snorkelling, all
you really can do - and all you would want to do - is swing in a hammock and enjoy the view.
E Faraway Bay Camp, Western Australia
On the north-west corner of the Australian continent, there is a place so remote, so far away from anywhere,
it's called Faraway Bay. Time appears to stand still. When it does move, it's measured in tides and sunsets.
Gather, cook and eat the traditional delicacies of the indigenous population at this wilderness retreat set on a
rocky hilltop in the eastern Kimberley region. The secluded bush-style cabins and outdoor kitchens offer
panoramic Timor Sea vistas and provide a comfortable base for exploring this remote region. Guests wake up
each morning to birdsong and enjoy breakfast in the open air Eagle Lodge', perfect for lounging, dining and
daydreaming cruise to the spectacular King George Falls; fish the tidal creeks; explore; discover ancient rock
art. then cool off in the spring-fed pool back at camp.
F Eco Beach Broome, Western Australia
For this luxury experience, you can take a helicopter to its ocean-front location, sail across Roebuck Bay. or
take a leisurely drive from Broome. At the resort, you can enjoy spa treatments, yoga and turtle-spotting tours,
then retreat to your chic tent overlooking the Indian Ocean. Many visitors enjoy walking throughout the
traditional land of the Yawuru people. Their connection to this land spans thousands of years and you can feel
their presence. The culture and traditions of the Yawuru people are still carried on today and visitors are asked
to respect the land and the environment.
Ex27: Fill in each gap with a suitable word.
One year ago Ben Keene and Mark James launched Tribewanted in a torrent of media coverage. It was a simple
idea with potentially enormous consequences (1) ___ tourism: the creation of an eco-friendly sustainable
community existing simultaneously in the virtual world of the Internet and (2) ___ an actual desert island.
How do you (3) ___ about finding an island? Where (4) ___ but the Internet? Just Google it. Ben and Mark
looked at islands (5) ___ over the world (6) ___ typical starting price was one million dollars. They didn’t have
much luck (7) ___ their searches led them to a specialist island broker (8) ___ pointed them towards
Vorovoro, off the wild north coast of Fiji. With just (9) ___ money on Ben’s credit card for two return
tickets, they decided to go and (10) ___ a look. As (11) ___ as they saw it, they knew it was right. It was
small, just two hundred acres, but it had a beach, blue sea, hills and land for planting. The first hurdle was
getting the agreement of the owner of the land, the local chief, Tui Mali. (12) ___ of his advisers was his
nephew Ulai, who (13) ___ a degree in law and was a specialist in aboriginal land rights. The men had seen (14)
___ had happened to other idyllic Fijian islands, and did not want to lose their ancestral lands to a large hotel
complex or a marina. Finally, however, on the basis of (15) ___ handshake and the presentation of a tambua - the
tooth of a sperm whale, the historical contractual device of the Fijians - the agreement was made.
Ex28: Which brochure or brochures is said to
contain a surprising omission? 1 ...
make good use of language to attract potential holiday-makers? 2 ...
fail to refer to the natural features of the country it deals with? 3 ....
feature a set of guidelines outlining its company's practices? 4 ....
contain one section which is unsatisfactory? 5 ....
use a layout designed to draw attention to different informational details? 6 ...
feature visits to a neighbouring country? 7 ...
have a slightly misleading name? 8 ...
feature holidays which cost more at certain times of year? 9 ... 10 ...
be of interest to holiday-makers without a lot of money to spend? 11 ....
contain rather repetitive visual material? 12 ....
feature a location where it is possible to stay longer than intended? 13 ....
present information in an inventive way? 14 ... 15 ...
 TRAVEL AFRICA
Brochures under Review
A. WILDLIFE SAFARIS
This company offers about 70 wildlife and adventure safaris. There are three different styles of trip - the
Traveller Plus, which IS based in three- and four-star accommodation, the Traveller, which is in tourist class
hotels, lodges and camps, and Budget, where guest houses and DIY camping are part of the action. The safari
itineraries outline daily locations, activities and options, and are accompanied by fact boxes covering the type of
trip, transport, staffing, age group and other data. Locations and route maps are included. The brochure also
provides an extremely useful set of guidelines about the dos and don'ts of behaviour in each of the countries
concerned. These vary from dress code through personal greetings - including a few language tips to impress
the hosts - to the taking of photographs.
For the adventurous, perhaps budget-conscious, traveller, there are some tempting safaris on offer.
B. AFRICAN ADVENTURE
This award-winning, long-haul, worldwide tour operator offers a variety of safaris to a number of East African
countries. They cover the Serengeti, Zanzibar and Lake Manyara, although the Olduvai Gorge IS temporarily
off the list for this year. Itineraries are generally of 9-14 days' duration, but extensions of up to a week on
Zanzibar Island are available.
Bird lovers and those wanting to climb Mt. Kilimanjaro are well catered for by what must surely be one of the
most dynamic holiday companies around. The camerawork is head and shoulders above that of its competitors,
with this year's brochure featuring an original ten-to-a-page design in glorious multicolor. The same can't
always be said for the writing; the description of places leaves a little to be desired throughout, but nobody's
perfect!
Prices are quoted for each itinerary and costs for seaside accommodation listed in tables showing seasonal
variations. This attractive, easy-to-use brochure concludes with fairly extensive information for visitors, the
company's code of conduct and a booking form.
C. EXPLORE GAMBIA
This is a colourful, informative and effective sales tool. Clever use of a question-and-answer technique covers
essentials such as money, weather, food and concerns like the type of electrical plugs used. A restaurant guide
pinpointing the characteristics of 21 establishments precedes an outline of 14 hotels, of excellent standard and
variety. Each of these is afforded a double-page spread, over half of which displays photographs showing off
the facilities, particularly the swimming pool, which dominates most layouts. This, and the absence of a mention
of the beach for a number of hotels. IS perhaps a reflection of holidaymaker preferences Intriguing,
considering the country's considerable coastal attractiveness.
A number of pages are devoted to bird-watching safaris and excursions. The latter include river trips, such as
cruises across the border into Senegal or up local creeks, fishing expeditions and horse trips Notes on hotel
grading, climate, history and the economy will prove very useful.
D. AFRICAN CLASSIC
African Classic is a 25-year-old International Travel Connections Company, and classic their 90-page brochure
is- an array of stunning photographs and seductive descriptions displayed with refined taste. It exudes class
and quality, and that's exactly what the establishments it portrays represent. There are suggested itineraries
and notes on luxury train journeys within South Africa. The separate price guide gives information on various
(seasonally variable) charges for air flights, car hire, train safaris, accommodation and activities.
A mouth-watering look at South Africa, which will make you wish you could stay for ever!
E. ALLAFRICA
Though the coverage is very broad, the bulk of this 124-page brochure is devoted to the Southern African
countries. The index is puzzling and it takes a bit of time to work out what is where and, in some cases, exactly
where to find what you want.
The first section is given to quality pictures and short descriptions of upmarket hotels, lodges and camps in the
countries listed. Of the 80 pages in this section, getting on for half sell Southern African hotels. Ghana and
Uganda are briefly covered as destinations, without accommodation descriptions.
The second section presents suggested tour Itineraries. Again the bulk are devoted to Southern Africa but
overall the suggested routes encompass the main attractions in logical and economical sequence.
The brochure does warn, however, of considerable fluctuations in the price of air travel, so the message is -
don't travel at Easter and Christmas time.
Ex29: In which review does the reviewer
say that the reader is put in an unfamiliar role? 1...
elaborate on the author's reason for a particular journey? 2... 3.... 4....
say that the author is attempting to popularize his/her subject? 5 ...
appreciate the book despite its shortcomings? 6... 7....
feel that the writing would benefit from a narrower focus? 8 ...
recognize the effectiveness of an original idea? 9...
admire the author's clever use of a separate narrator? 10...
In which review is the following point made?
The author uses information from different sources to examine the subject . 11…
The author's mode of transport enables him/her to see the country in a certain way. 12…
The author realized a long-held ambition. 13…
The author turns a potential limitation into a strength. 14… 15....
The author tries to enliven the descriptions with details of personal difficulties. 16…
Chris Martin reviews
‘IN NEVADA’ by DAVID THOMSON
David Thomson is better known for his film writing than his travel work so it is no great surprise that he brings
a film-maker’s eye to this sweeping and vivid portrait of Americas ’empty’ state, the barren and beautiful desert
of Nevada. The book is the result of a series of disconnected journeys across the desolation, loosely slung
together by Thomson over a period of years. He warns his readers at the outset not to expect chronology from
a desert journey. The result of this fragmentary philosophy is highly successful: each short chapter has
captured a moment in time and history. This may sound slightly dramatic, but so is Nevada.
Holly Smith reviews
HOKKAIDO HIGHWAY BLUES’ by WILL FERGUSON
Will Ferguson was living in Japan, teaching English for two years, when he came to realize how important the
flowering of the cherry blossoms was as a national symbol. He made up his mind to follow the front of flowers
from when they first blossomed in Cape Sata, the most southern tip of Japan, right through to Cape Soya, in
the far north, where they blossom about one month later. The planning for his trip was very basic: he wanted to
hitchhike.
'Guidebooks are great for surface-skimming - and I’d be lost without them - but to really find out about life in
the back country, to really worm your way into off-track Japan, you need to travel in the company of the people
who live there.'
Julia Bueno reviews
‘TEA FOR TWO’ by POLLY BENGE
Just as the author is starting to get worn down by the competitive world of dancing she inhabits, she is made an
offer that is to turn her life upside down. Tim, her boyfriend, a New Zealander, is planning to return home after
four years away - stopping en route, to fulfil a lifelong dream of cycling around Northern India. Desperate to
delay a painful parting with him, Benge agrees at the eleventh hour to forego her auditions, and join him on his
mission.
So begins another tale of life on the road. But apart from charting a two-month journey from Kathmandu to
Guwahati. ‘Tea for Two’ also attempts to spice up the story with much more. In the early chapters we learn much
about Benge's aching limbs as her two male travelling companions pedal fast ahead of her.
What the story lacks in any gripping action, it more than makes up for with some amusing reactions to an India
that can delight bemuse and confuse. Benge is a wonderfully enthusiastic writer, but clearly sets herself an
over-ambitious task Part autobiography, part up-beat travelogue, and part historical overview: in less than 250
pages.
Jamie Carstairs reviews
‘MY GRANDMOTHER’S FOLKTALES’ by ROBERT ANTONI
This well-presented book is a joyous, bubbling stream of short stories speckled with sunny asides and lush
Caribbean vitality, personified by the grandmother of the title. The reader is put more in the position of a
listener, being entertained as the tales tumble out and, indeed, ostensibly she is telling her stories to her young
grandson as part of his education. Some stones are rose-tinted memories of the bizarre adventures of a young
widow, told in the first person, on a remote Trinidadian island. Others are traditional Caribbean folktales of
magical animals and even stranger people glorying in names like On-the-Eggs and the Kentucky Colonel.
The author is one of the Caribbean’s leading young novelists. He has drawn on his family links in the area to
produce a likeable novel that paints a cheerful picture of Caribbean life, history and folklore.
Paul Deegan reviews
‘MY QUEST FOR THE YETI’ by REINHOLD MESSNER
In his latest book. Reinhold Messner has attempted to separate fact from fiction in order to discover the true
Yeti behind the legend of the giant creature prevalent in many Central Asian countries. Messner, widely
regarded as the world's most accomplished mountaineer, has diligently researched the subject since 1985. His
explorations have taken him to almost every comer of Central Asia, including Nepal. Tibet and Bhutan.
The book is compulsive reading. The opening chapter describes Messner's first encounter with an unidentifiable
being and reads like the opening scene of a Hollywood film. As someone prepared to court publicity in order to
fund his adventures. Messner has once again succeeded in latching on to a subject that is every bit as exciting
to the lay reader as his famous conquest of all fourteen 8.000 metre-plus peaks.
Throughout 'My Quest for the Yeti’, Messner uses his many conversations with hill people as a vehicle for
describing the various legends, and layers this with written accounts from other explorers. Out of this jumble
of apparently useless fairy stones, Messner has uncovered seemingly plausible evidence that the Yeti myth
stems from a rare animal known in Tibet as the 'chemo'.
Ian Jackson reviews
‘JOHNNY GINGER’S LAST RIDE’ by TOM FREMANTLE
In 1829, Captain Charles Fremantle sailed to Western Australia and the port that was later named after him -
Fremantle. 170-odd years later, his great great, great nephew, Tom, left the family home in Swanboume, UK, to
follow in the Captain’s footsteps and fulfil a childhood dream by reaching the Western Australian suburb of the
same name, two miles from Fremantle - but by bicycle. From Swanboume, sleepy English village famed for its
Norman church, to Swanboume, antipodean suburb famed for its sunbathers; 20.540 km. 16 months and 56
punctures.
While not offering any great insights into different cultures, the characters Fremantle meets along the way,
the discovery of his own personality, and his stubborn desire to reach his goal no matter what the obstacles,
make the book worthwhile. And the continual 'flashbacks' to how things might have been in the time of the
writer’s distant relative are certainly novel and work perfectly.
Ex30:
The Camping Trip
"Camping isn’t for everyone," my brother said, but what he meant was that I couldn't do it, and I (1) … it as a
dare. I couldn’t imagine where he’d got that idea, anyway, as he’d never camped before himself, but I guess he
just supposed that he had a higher (2) … for hardship than I did.
He wasn’t (3) … wrong, but he was no champion outdoorsman, either. We piled into the car, which was especially
cramped because my brother had loaded it, filling it with such absolute necessities as marshmallows, sandwich
ingredients, energy drinks, CDs, and so on. We (4) … the driving up to the northern tip of the national park
where we’d (5) … a pitch at the campsite. Pitching the tent took ages but, by dusk, we were happily sitting down
to dinner. Then the clouds began to roll in. At the first clap of thunder, we dropped everything, leapt into the
car, and (6) … the nearest hotel.
1. A took B kept C considered D consented
2. A patience B lenience C tolerance D endurance
3. A much B too C quite D far
4. A divided B halved C shared D split
5. A reserved B engaged C rented D hired
6. A kept up B ran into C took to D made for
Ex31:
Why we all need a holiday
Somehow, despite predictions that the (0) technological. age would bring (1) IMAGINE …………………….. benefits to
our lives, quite the opposite has happened. Like good consumers, we (2) DUTY …………………….. purchased the
mobile phones and computers, but instead of (3) LESS our workload, they have simply resulted in an increase in
the amount of time spent in the company of our high-tech devices. In fact, not counting those forced into (4)
EMPLOY …………………….. by technological advances, people nowadays have (5) CONSIDER …………………….. less free
time than ever before.
Hence the need for holidays; people can (6) CHARGE …………………….. their batteries after a long period of
following the same old routine. Even (7) WIFE …………………….. who don't have a paid job need some respite from
the (8) DRUDGE…………………….. of cooking, cleaning, taking the dog for a walk and caring for the children virtually
(9) AID …………………….. because the father is always at work.
Children enjoy holidays and eagerly look forward to any period when homework is unnecessary. Everyone
benefits from a break in routine and holidays have become (10) DISPENSE …………………….. in our modern world, as
we try to come to terms with our chaotic and stressful modern lives.