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Module1 NA Notes PDF

The document discusses various concepts in network analysis, including the classification of network elements into active and passive components, bilateral and unilateral networks, and linear and non-linear elements. It also covers fundamental laws such as Kirchhoff's laws and source transformations, providing formulas and examples for analyzing circuits. Additionally, it explains the characteristics of voltage and current sources, including ideal and practical types, and the behavior of different network configurations.

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38 views92 pages

Module1 NA Notes PDF

The document discusses various concepts in network analysis, including the classification of network elements into active and passive components, bilateral and unilateral networks, and linear and non-linear elements. It also covers fundamental laws such as Kirchhoff's laws and source transformations, providing formulas and examples for analyzing circuits. Additionally, it explains the characteristics of voltage and current sources, including ideal and practical types, and the behavior of different network configurations.

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somashekharvani8
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© © All Rights Reserved
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ECE — Gill Semesla Yoo9 Scheme NETWORK ANALYSIS ( BEC 304) Mosleule- oO Practical Sources » Source Fransjormations Baste concep : Star- Delle tramsformation, Network Yeductow ust Node avalysis 40; ( Buecrly dependent Loop aud be aud AC Nehoorks - aud audependent Sources er Detnrtions : U) A closed cineuit % F it 3 Current foi a mrs ae a neds neuen te @) john the current pam %& broken $0 What current Cannot flow , the cinudt 9 Called an open ClAuit- (3) Trtencounection y shoo Or Whore SRarple Unutt elemenle Voltage Sources » Yesistors, ?nduclors aud called an Slechial_nehoortc: x contains Ot least one closed pale , * és namely , Capauters % w q a netyoor! Called an Klechical Clawutt - ‘Nehwork Element ray be classyied tale four groups. marncly I. Achye Or passive Q. Usilateal or bilateal 3° [knear or Non-ltwarr 4 humped or Debbuled Achue Slenenta !- Fneng y SOurees Cvertage oy Current Sources) au active dlements , Capable delivertag Powe to Some external devece- Fg: Tdeal Sources Passive Elemenle:- Passive elemenk ve Icose which aAL Capable q Ouly Yecavieg Power. Eq: Restetors, Inductors & Capacitors Inductors 4 Capacitors Aye Capable Y Stortag a Putte Amovud 9) energy and velim ft lalér fo an exkinal Clement - Belateial tlenent:- In the bflateal element, the Voltage. current relation % the Same or current qlovtug f eilher divectou- Eg: Elemen& made g begh. comduchvily nratetale . Wvilateal dlement:- A vnilateal element has difhecent Yelahons between Voltage and current for Wie +00 possible directions Q) Current - Eq: Vacuum diodes, Siliwon diodes, Metal recttfiens - hincay_ Element: Dn clement ts Said to-be Rrcar, ht Voltage - Current characterstic fs at all times a stroghte Rue tLoug l- ongen Eg: Resistors ‘Non. Unear element + Am element % Sald fo -be . non-linear, fle Vo thage- current Charactentstic .% uot a sheaig it [Preay Ihsoug ongte humped Clemenle : humped ¢lemenk ase Lose tlemeule pohich ont v small @" sexe and % Which Simultancous actons takes Pla jor any given Caue at tte Same fastout of time Eg: Capauters, resistors , Qnductors and pamsjormress. ‘Dishibuted Elemenk:- Dightbuled Slemenk au tlinse wheel anu nok tlechica lly separable jo aualyteal Purposes - \ vanswission Rue has dishibuted vesistauw, fnductance aud Capactanuw along 7k lemg th - Formulae } Curent, P= OU oy T- & ) at vy t Ampenes [A = | Coulomb | Second Ieoulomb = 6-asxto!® slechons d Ve BL? WorK A + charge 2 3) Powe, P= vi = T?R= ¥ walle > Classification ) Nebuorks! () Kncor Network & Nou Ruear nehoort s- — Kear Neboork: AQ network whose paramel Ae fe Clement lke resistances » Iductamecs and Capautances Ove always ‘Covutant Prrespectve “4 lhe chawge hh time, Voltage , tempaature cle fs Kuown OF leneay vetwork. > the ohms haw % applicable te Uacar nehoork. P The mathemateal equatons o such vehwork can be. Obtained b usiag the haw Y Supenposttou: Nou- near Network:- A nehoork / ctreuit tohese Para wrelers Chauge thein Values joi cha fa time, temperahur , Voltage cle Ps Known a8 non- enear ‘nebuork. —> ohms haw may .wot be applied to such ichoork . P Such nehvork toa not jolloo Ihe haw 4 Superposition - Q) Belateal Nehwork XR Uvilatecal Netvorte 3 Bilateral Nehwork:- A Clacuit tohose characteristics , behaviour % Same Prrerpective Of the divectrou of Clurrent thaough Various element qt Po called bilateral nebvork- Eq: iNebvork Consisting only restctors- OE Uutlateal vehvork: A ciAwit Whose Opeatou , be haviour FS depend eat on the divectou 2g [he Current through Waniout «elements tS Called Ublateral nrehoov . Fg: Ciawt} §=comtsh diodes , allows {lov 4 Cty rent : Only 9A Ous dtyectiou * QB) Active Network 4 Passive Vehwork :- Active nebwork: A Ctreut vohich COulaine Q Soura a energy & called an Active NebvorKk- : Enengy Sourée May be QA Voltage OY Current Source: Passive ehvork: LA Circuit bhich coutalus mo energy our % catled Passive nehwork - &Y dumped network &' DesMbuted network : — homped network : A nedvork in tohich alll [he nehaork Clemens au phy steal Separable FS Kuown as louped Nehoork - Nlost 9 Ibe Elechte nepoowes are lomped tH ~ Wahtye Dishtbuted Nefvork * A nehwoore in which The Ciacut elemenla Ue Yesislauce , &ductaie efe Cannot be Phy svca ly Separable or analysis Purposes 8 Called dishibuted network - the best Example % A bamuuteston Une Whew Yesislanu , tductanu aud Capacitanu qa tra nsmtssion tne aru dishtbuted all aloug th lewg it Aca te be Shown as 4 Separate elemeni » auy rohent Ga Me Circuit Mecule — 1 Basic Conceri Nehoork + Any falercounection. ©, nehvork or CiAcutt clemenk (R,L>C> Ve Hage aud current Sources) - Ciacudt:~ IntecconnecHou OF netoork or elreuik elemenle fn Such a Nay Mat a Closed pat formed and an Elechte current flows {0 %- Ache cincutt Glernenk : the elemenk that deliver energy Jo the nehoork- ey: oe and current Sources. Prsstve clacutt glemenkK: “the clemeank that absorb sive CAAT Ki energy {ror the vehvork - kg: R, Land C- Ache tlemenk: ()_ Teal. Voltage Source:- Ft fs thet ew 4 Source. Vothage Yemains Covstant ve rd les fohose terwiual temiual current lat {lows . o) Ite Value 4 he ‘ Vv ¢ 9 0 é deat voltage Source VF charac ents-Ht Representation —_ ° 2 Practeal velnge Souree:- Ft te that energy souyee, a Hohose terweual voltage decreases hOfth the fncrease fn tke current Mat lows throug at. the — practeal voltage Source fs represented am foleal votlage source aud A Serfes Yestsane Called Internal veatstomee- oo because thee vestclanee Ihere so%ll be polenta dep hollkin The Source and fit, 10% Ihe Prereue fn teméual current or loaol curvent , the drop acwss Yeststor Increases » Mhus reductug the tecutual Vortage. t Fe vj fdeal chavacleiehis Se v y : Reprennlaton a practical vee pee ee Voltage Source - flere \9, = V-ER Tdeal -Gurvent_Sources- Ht & thak energy Source Whose Current —yernctina coustank Maracae ae tre teewdual Voltage + teuminal Value 4 “the fig: below Yepresen a the fdeal eurvent Source. and th V-P chanact extsHes - a + 0 1 U 7 ; Jodeal current Souree VA characlertefes Pracheal Current Source: - Jb &8 that eneng Cay fhe Pacrecue fa pohose feun*aal current decreases 10Plb teumtnal Voltage - Practical current Souree 8% vepresenled current $ouree Parallel jori totennal BD ts because Q) Thee fatenal reststance , he feunfral | al drop across the Yatenal foleal vesrstance - fnereases , the potenti Vo Hage ri Is drew? Yotslanee alto increases more Current ib» the current Wak {lows IWisoug and as a Yesu tewiual decrease . f, V-? charachertsties - Prackeal curvent Source Hou f= f- R - Dependent or Coufrlled Sources » — 4 There are th» Sources -fohose voltage [ euirvent depends ou oe Or current Mat appears at Some Ou locatiow % the vehwork - “Theta an types eet SOurte * q) Vo tlage coulvolled Votlage Source ( Vevs) () Vortage Coufpolled Current Source (veces) (3) Current Couliolled Voltage Source Cecvs) CY) Curvent Coutrolted Current Source Ceecs) The Figs au Shows below: * ‘ 3 * t + YVeVS _yvees =eevs = CCCs Kirchhoy's havas:- Cy Mechayye Curent bee CHOI We algebra sum 9 branch eurvene hate lance a uoole ga netoork PS Cqyuel fo xeno at all fastanla q fime » based On the haw s) conservation 4 change « ay ae Ky Applytag KeL at node x» 44, +15 —4g -ytids = 2? Ig+Ly = Lehre > Som og frond currenla = Sum g outgoi Currenk 4 Y 7 oe (@) Ktrchoy's Votkage aw CkuL)! = D slata that algebrafe Sum ¥ all branch votlag es Anovud avy closed path el the vihvork fs equal fe Zero at all stant ¥ dime, based on Ike haw a Comsenvation oy energy - ton 9) mogy Applytuug KuL. Clocw wise 4@) +y tlh tM Vy 20 > 4 - VeVi tV3 > energy deltuered = Energy absorbed - Source [ansjormation ae Source tramsformedion Puvolues The bam rmatiow 6, Vottage Source 16 Pla eqpuiva lent current ee and 1 Vice- Versa + &q: Contder a Voltage source R fa fg and a current Source HPT Ie Same Yestilanw R Connected Qeross 4 fig) port a Sentes yeslstance a R t v VY t 4 b Fig: ca) Hig: te) the terurfual Voltage and current velortious hp % Coe 9 ae Source #¢ Vy = v- 4 The terudual Voltage aud ourrent ve loctrout lef in the Cure y Current Souree % f= cM > v, - fr-ter y the Vo tage Source above has lo be Chyeivaleuy trams forwud fo OF represeulicd bg A Curent Source, thew the tecudval voltages aud currenkk have to be Aawe Gr bolt Cases- 2 SS VetR oy fe x UsVv \\ = 3. ISA Vo eV, Vo KI © R 4v ag Numesteals )) Sov fhe nebork shown th fig. below, lad the uerlug Soura ban Sformeation Cuyent Ihxough Qo resistor > q techotque _ ya Vin WWW. Fayal BV. aan 5h 3 eae an 0 Fply tng Kve tothe loop, we get. 45 -3.5T +51 -19T -® AL - 41-9 =0 x Alo Va> &L VS = Fos S Je 0:081207h = Q)-.atmA a) Represent The nebvork Shown below by a Stagle fy Sentes port Q Tesistasate between the Voltage Source tumuals A and 8 Ustug Source trauslormation tec hutoues & SA | 2 FQ su @ 2B 0:8 A Be 7 O82 2 Bash AN . B B 3 Th the Mehvorts Shown, the Current thro In Ps Baap. Fad The current thaough. olliar veststors , Voge aowss each veststor ond the Value 4 Ro - + Vee an Bian Ro lov | oy. Six Assume So Current davectous as hewow be lovo q baame g & + Vo - Ww & @ Ff © Apily eve ab nedivy to loop @ — ad, — 381900 +10 =O > QU- 10-3. 81> 13 = 6183 Gs 3.094 Von = Bl? = 6109%2 = 6183 v. Ve = 103819) 2 3: 819V. Apply Kve to loop® , _Vp ~6 + 318190) =O Vy 2 —6 #3:8'% Vp = -:188V Tg 2 h- 2 BI But Vo = Toke ~ O83 = (-0-9a5) Ro = DR, = 301 28 << 4) Bad the Powe delevered 1 5ov Sour Us? Soure tramsyormation techatguc - f > 1y ax sov(t) (1) (t) 06D ? a ax (3) (N oer DS oo @) @)wv ‘Apply wwe te loop " 5o- at -0- I-49 £0 Dp ups aKee Te Ue 2 9A of 9S Poise deltuered by soy soure, Porn = 5° xt = 50 KY 1404 = Pus USO 5) dn tbe Claude Showy feud the Current through, 69 restshor and Voltage acwss Ihe Sane A Ts -34 By tohat Voltage + must 5V Soure be replated » he Voltage acwss 62 1S qv and Is ae SA @ Qn | _NW-——— a t BW y NG) y a cia So): (@) ae t sv) Me Oe Apel Ket at nod (). BVy = dy + Ts He Vu2SV ,Is=3A ? aL) Ye *% eet PB Tye 2A & Wy 2 bly = 6 xin = F2Y Hou dy = By, = 8-5 2-3 Vy = 3S 2 Hl 166V 3 -_. The 5v Soure Should be Yeplacd 4 Pree ees potty polasily Aevensed - 2 Evaluate Zin, Vx and 4s fn tha nehroork shown - Sale Apply ev. te Me loop a 19 =O 4 8-Ve 7 z > Ig + Te -Q-b 4 ? Je = a4lety = G08 poly Kel at mode @, Ten +10 = £ 445 + ve & 2 RP dn #10 = - in 1+8ay~ 4 D> Te = 93-Q710 = 23-1 = NAL D a Souru tromaformation » tad tes uirven T % the Yolloviag cauit Shown Aelow. ba 5a 5a iv w a Velen 50)> Cl) convert 10V) S$ to current Sour 52 2 veka 4 PaO on 5a Re 7 e Sa quo Voltage Source Cowert 2A; 252 > = S R SF 2D FO o 5 qe 5M > ; & Df Re pon) oa 70 V552, a0 ZI: Vi, 82s lye R as +5 T 2 bua —= 8) Find Ie Current Urougl. jo Yeistor fo the ee Ahovwn below ushag Soure brant jormation b0V | Qo ©) wer Q) (p) 304 5 ary =ba na bov+)20v ie ¢ ~ > aut (80 2 308, 1a rey (v) @ § 3 ao ug-30 wov aie Ye o- gx ae Qn ? 2134yV @r 13u-4 Te — * 84 Qs +12 a 19 : ao 4) Reduce the vehvorr Shown fa fig. below toa $i ce -Souru 9% Serter WK OQ /vestihancw befween the tetmiuale A and B- A om: WG) @ ~ in & 8 So). a a B A 4 S v tr $ 7 % Le Qo @ va > 5V gh ae wG) Gsv > 6) 5 a é . a) | dev? 3s Vim Fen B A Qa B A 133-2 A {33-2 ? 43) B By Soura shiftug:- In a mehoore fh chow & Ko ource or 5 ut ? \k Yesislance ]tmpedance ta Seues bale voliate . theu % wo Yesstaun %9 Parallel aia Ihren the Sourte, tranyjormation canmot be applied Givectty - Tr Such cases we USE Sour steg mk te Veshayt /€ clay Cvoltage soura Shift) aT shee ( curvent Soure shept)- gsc Vite * h Q g, Q Rk ? v7 v Vv B 22 ar ue & Ss Qo ee Qi \ Rg B () I shit = Q gy I Dr x RL Qy (0) Reduce the neboork shousu below toa stugle voltage. tI a Yeates, Us Soure. sethag “Sourw tn Seria W & Sourw tramsjormiatiow: Ib ay & ") Us Sour © shes ard Sour tanstymation jruut sheww techatgue 1 tod the Value oy Va for the cincuit show . Ve » below + fe 3D qa aoe 20V ©) + Van (3 (o- + Va- S 2 2 owe 18 +49 _ 1802 = 3:6V = Nehoork veduckton uae Slan - Della : FRasnsjowna Hore ob Delta Slan ate Nehoork : “three yesistors OF furpediour ces Qne pata to ke tonnecld ™ della phen thay yo a Closed loop. Slav Network! cthsee resistors or fupedances ane Aaid to be Connected 4 Star yohen rey form woe or jonction | Ry Q3 Node | Juncton st ON Qentvation: ( Pella to Slaw Grams ornsation.): Constden he wfoltowi noboork . “the Ca uive.| ent yeststanu behoecr tenguale [22 fn the abseru q temftual 3 2 given ot I R Ro | Rr a ar 2 3 ! > Ray rn 2 Ros Rr oe Reg = (Rer-t s) Ro Reg = Ri +2 >@ = ( Rar Rs) Re Rs, + Rog + Ri = Rin Rai + Rr Ros 0 Dir + Rs +R3) The fojutva lent yesicheunn. between two terufuak 943 fn tte Abseru QI teumiual @ %% giver by a rp 2 Roy 20s & Ris # Rs Rey. (Ray Rn Raz Ry - Res 9) “Ray rs Rr +g _ fee Rs Br mses Tt 3@ : Peay = Ria + Ros + R3y between foo terutuals reststance tewudual 2 fs “the eayutvalent wn Ite absenu 2) TEL Bays (en ota) Po Pay = Re + Rs > Qi + Rs +Ra) > Ry Ra + Ros Ra be See Qr + hs +R, 96) Fqadag tyustos OB Oa, O* 183 @ q f, Rs, + Rix a Rt Ro — @ 2 R, 4+ Ros R 3; Rake +B Res 7 o ke tks ~ Ra +Ros +R3, Pky hs ks). R4ks —>@ Rr ths + Ray Addiag sqyushons @4@, a7 RRs Rahs Be Ra + Res Rs 2 Rt Rs +Q4R3 Air + fos + R31 Ria + Rr3 +R3, J ARR + Maks Rnb | gee Risks Rio + Ras +R) et Subtract a © yom abo. wy 9 QR Rs + Rus th. f, —RapRi Bear pk | Ryo + Res +R) > ahah . ak Qa te Rs +R3y ? R, = Rix Rai — 7 (0) 2 +Ro3 +Rs, Srutlenty re Rio Res > ® Ri +Rr3 +s) Rs 2 Re Ros Qo + Ros +Rs) —@ y Slow to Della Tramsjrmation .— Mathply eqs (9 2@) ,OX2®@ ) ® a RR Py Rey ¥ Rin Res 1 ke = ( Po + 2s +Rs,) = NY = Ras = Rr ks »* Roi Ros 3e (Rant Res + Rai) (Ris + Rs +31)” Re Rs Pei | > (es) (R + Roa + Rs)> Ro Rs = Fo Rs Rar —> () (Ra + Rest Ri)> BR - & BeRr ~~ CR + Rs + Rsi)> Add Eayuahons ®:O2@ Pur Reskai + £m Ros Rey + Ria (Re +825 +Rai)> = Re Bs Rai ( Ra + Pes Ra) (Rit Ros +P PX 2 Rip Ros Rai fi &3 Ri R —_— Ro + Rs +R3) 12 Ras > Rik + Ros +R QR = Ro R3 2 Rr = ae 4 RRB + R32) R3 Re dR = R4+R + Af Y > RR Qk + Re ks +Rak = Rs tr "4 Rs = B+ 4+ Ro R3 3) 7 R Rs, = Rs +2, + Fak R a —= Numesteals = 1) Find the Yesistoue Rey for the ctausit shown below using Ston- Delta bavdjormation - 5h L 4 ne So}: = hk pe R= GHB og br b418 eS xe 2 3-ba- eTeT 4 we. brh pon 62 Gq bie 52 5 ne Ef 3b 4 a 2 3b 5-2 2) fied the curvent use 3yn- ga | [2 tie R eRe Ge jo +lotie Jo xP as [2 412 HID Ruy 254346 4¢5-7) > 14-31 302- 12] 30xK30 ee 30 430430 Re 30x30 30 +30 430 Rg 2 80% B80 . 30 +30 430 3a qT using stor |e della bamnsomatow 2/02 = lon [0-9 33) 3Y2_- ? . we 0 0 \sov > ug yn Jo-2— Qu a (gov ee (6 = jo-n > ee Pane 3) Prd the equivalent reigleanu behveen any 2 Comers: qv ur un yo ® Sol. = us \\ Usa Lie\ a . Wane Qe yay + URE = BTU ER 4 Re = utut URL = j2 4 Rs 2 Uty+ URE = 12-2 A & Y ye > 3 a2 ae ie ue 3-2 cee U) ind ie enyuiva lent Yesislanu. beboeen Aaud 8 us? star - delta ‘reunsoronation fh the ne twoork _ Bhowu | below - wa ce 4a Rus eS > he 4 € ae ¢ SXB 2 I Rye crue 213-2 Rus = 543 FAP BxY - 9.4 23ty + 2h Ras = Bru+ See wpsa| Reg = Stu #25 | 63 _5 SxY 21S. Re = ca ye Roy = Stu + 2 4 % 36 6-13 pend 2 FW VIE = 493 yu 5D cD) Determine Ihe ar yesighanu. befween mY tg: beloro using stat - Delle a the network. showr Conversion ° yr jo ys x \or Qo 2 30x20 ; = _3oRio = 10x20 3a %3°-——_— wee 52 , Ne —— =3 E 10420430 3o +10+20 10+20430 = lon 3t x | 10 } Qa 19-32 x y do me B= JeHIES = 6.06 18 +193 420 Ri = \ex20 = 6-282 1S 4143720 ee a Ig 419-3 40 dar 8.06 ? ee . oi , 7 5-28 ~— QOS 13-59 68% R aos = dd *y =. yn — 6) Pind the eqyusvalent vouystann behveen MN 38 bansjormatou @ Ihe Kt belono Ustag Star- della | 6 5-8 34 [we M a ao “ 2 7 3-34 ? gr ta N 3+bb6 N poe M g MN = I+ 0:08 YO 8 2— = 3.082 Consider the. following Network , 40 Considen the Following Nefrork » Rg B Re & ie e () @)& D Node:- A node #8 Mat point or Sugjace where too ove more Chreuit clemenla jen: A, 8:¢,0 qualify as nodes fa the above network - Joncton = A juncton 8s kat Pointe joheu Woe om MoaL Cireut elemen ie {oto- Bad ayeatity as jonctiens fa Ihe Above Network. Branch: A branch % Wak -paat of tte wehwork Present blo hoo jenchions - BAD, BcD and BD qyuality as branches q above nehoork hoop : A loop t# any closed pal fn the network . Reva, BooR & ABCDA fom loops Q above network. Mesh: A mesh te the weost Zlementar. him OF loop johieh cannot be firtken divided tle Some more clased Pate - ABDA & BcpB ayuetlity aL meshes q nen ke Mesh Analysts oy Considen the network Shown, - fp Me eet Apply Ku fo meh, Ex — 2, — (h-?x% =O SUG +%s) — fag = En ® Apply kui. [ meh (@) — fxn - &y +(U ty) % =0 ? 1,%3 —Py (Xr +43) ay —@ Eqs OLO wrllar mw matte for, tks -% ) U6 Za - Crotty) JL & Osag Cromers rule, a -A3 - (424%) See Ex” ae Kirk, Ex 2 - le — (4n42%3) Ra, ey ie vy » be AR Mesh _Amalysts _ problems. problems / Loop Aral sts throug lo the 302 Yesisty % Ihe netwoon find the Current \ : Shovon weg hoop weal Bon 100 Vv. *pply KUL to Loop @ 00 -15 S$) —Q0¢H-T) =0 > two — 354 + 20d. =O > 354, - Qolz = 100 > @ hoop @ -539 — 30(Io-I3) + 20(-b) = O DS 59, - 30%, 430%; tdoY — dots = O > aod —ssta +3013; =0 2 @ oP 3 Ao hoop 3. 533 -100 +30 1242) =O > -Si, -wo +30 -3023 -0 30T> - 3553 = (00 =) Solve em. O, O¥ O -we gee 43 G2 aura Ta - -bb A Tz = -4:28A Tron = Tag = —!8- C4228) 2 fb +4228 = Q-bbAy a) = on find Curent fa all hoops - 3a cu 6v [oe Qe Apply KUL , go | hoop 4 _1(D-Te)— 6 t2 (Bo 13 [> 7-G+h-6 tah ae } 54035, +%g tah +0 |) 35, +i2 tae hoop 2 at) —3CTg-2y) +1 (L-B) = O -at, -31, +313 +U-L = ° T,-62y + 353 =0 —? 2 doop-2 “ 3 (Ia -f3) —!(Ig)-2 (4s -L) +6 +0 392-393 -23 -21; +25 +6=0 ah +31, 67, = -6 >@) Solvney &qs 0, @, @ Zi = 3h Ta = Qh iz 23a, 3) a [eae net at cunenlE Pa lis 4 oO or oe ; w (4) Isv So}. ae Ys O22 oo iv @) G)isv Api ee, Koopel : lo-0 24, - at(L-h) - 3(L,-T2)-0 lo- 0-28-5429, -3 5 +313 =0 10 —5:20; + afr + 313 =O > ~5-a5, taT_ +323 = —10 —@ hoop-2 : -55, -y (T2-%) + &(-L) =a 3 si, -uh +ufs, fal—al2 =O 4 at, No, 4423-0 - @ hoop-3. ples 4 (T2-) -0 2.1315 +3 (hls) =0 ud, -Yyis —0- 223-18 +34-313=0 3, 447 — 71233 IS —-@ Solve ops 0,0 ,©, Ge Ola I, 2 —0'9034 I, 5 -as3hy ‘) 10K @) so. 4 =a 30) @) Aorly kul) 30-31) — RUU- Ta) 10 = © ao -34 Qo— SE, tatr = dind aul hoop currenlt - 3 3a @) - 28, +22, 20 =O) 5% +ah--20-> W ys —3In +10 +&t3-L) <0 #6 —3Tr +10 + AG -al, =O al, -5I_ = 0 > © Solve eqs 0 # e, = 5-HYA TL = yaesr Ouper mir find all Aoop current 45 ho D 08 O- aus Aly nu, loop. o 10-5, -2CYab) + 4 > jo-sdj-25, +2 ie | a) +a0 -8U,+4020 | uf, +20 -85,4+40=0 —n1Y, -2 To +70 = 0 > ID ¢2h- 70 hoop2 _ of) -20-4(4-L) t WL-L)= 0 60, —90-UG +4, 42% - A =P = 23, -WTr - 20-0 3S ay uD, =-d0>@ Solve ys O2@, LD = 8A Sn =-94, 6) ji | - -And Ie Power ; \ 6) delivered by lhe | acne Glependent Le . Soura e%y lke ue re oS Cet chou below. find all the loop Currenle - ae Te te we oop) 100 - 52, -1SCN-Ta) —10(Li-Tg)=O loo - 5L, -1SE, fisT, -wd, +1043 =O 100 — 30%, +152, .+¢1023 +O > -30G ¢1sh #1023 = 100 > O hoops. -as3_ — S0Ch-T3) +15 (Q-T2)-=-O_ S ach, -5ot, +5045 4155-18 =O ISI) —4oL, + B13 20 —? @ hoops. 10(G-f3) -¢ 50( 12 Tz) 410Tn =O D> lof, wl F505, -Sol3 +1023 - 10d. =O 105) +401, - 501, =O a) Soke eqs O.0,@ J = +6064 Ty 2 3 63+ C-3:03) th = +3:03A 2 +06R 43 = y3.03a, = (09, x13 = 10 wo. 6) x43 $3) Porde delivered . dependent Source a al FW DL) Dotemtre Vo ustag meh aualyste jor 19 nefhoork shown below. | ata Ka 1K aK-Vo trom [te cnumil, T= ma (from loop 1) > 132 a(L-b) 2 Qh -2T2- = Q(um) ~ 8 Fr > d+; 28 0 Apply ku to loop 25 _[ th 23) - Qt, + U-b)=9 ET, +23 - 24, +0 -L 0 Tut, +23 = > ~uh + --4 3@ Solve O46 , dn =Qand | Vos dex To Sines A = 2" X20) 3 im = uVvy 8) Detetm?u Ve mm Ihe Cthuut shown below. 50 fo Hee 2G toop-1 & — 10f, - 20¢L-I2) + 30(4 -L) -0 M- 10% — 20%, +aoty +3013- 304 => > —boI, + dof, +3043 +O 60% +207, +3043 = —8D ao hoop 2,43. Can be formed Super mesh 5] 30 —4o 13 - 30 Is -h) +00l2)-T)=0 Dd 30 -Uols -30T3 4 301, +201, - 205-0 3 5ol,—aot, - Fos =~ 3° 2 , Sle O.OX® we ge = nope OSS A~ = SBA 6 CA = ebsrAG Q. COU V3 2 Yolz = 4o yo 60, = HOE lot (6V- 9 Detemine fhe Current Lo 4n the Ctreut shovor be loro use. meh anaes (om) lo | 4 Cee > | 2 PPL [ne Qole ye abd [oul an d ou eon | ©) eg \v JX hope: 1%, 4¢)-$e) + 1(1s-L) +320 D> UN-Y +h tig - 3-0 35, + Tn +g =-3 => [oop2 3, -2Uh-B)-2 + 1(L-Tx) +O _- of, +243 -2 + 'Y, —11, 20 IT, -Y In +28 = 2 > @ joo a oof +2 4 2(Io -53)— 12%, — (BD=0 a+27> - 253 —J3 —33 4+], =0 Z, +at, -ukg= -2 >@) Sole O,0.8, Ge SA T= O4lbA 1; = 10834 T = -tlo-h) = Ty -T2 = 083 - 0-416 = 0-664 — 10) Find the Current Tq, % Ite ClRuuit Shor below 53 putes mesh analysts: 3 hoop 34, - 1¢L-Fy) + Q(22-L) =O > 35,2 +I + ATs - ad, =O > -bi 42h +Ix -0 —>O sue Op, _ gc -G) + ICU-TD +6 412-0 S -oh +24 44-% + 18 =O 35,315 - % 2-18 -@ Current Souret Se 1) -%, = 28 —>@ Solu O,0,®6) J =6a I, ' dy=lo.b44 Ty = 19.644 * => { U) Tad the current ta fn the Cneuit Shown below ustag mesh Gua 5D hoop} 5 (h-Ja) + 10a + Ila =O 2 554.5% ¢10%e HRT o 49ch20 ~ O hope —10f4 + ulh-d) +10 =O -l0ig +42 - uy + = —4y 40h -10t 10 9 @ Loops2- —1olig - aT, — 4 C2 “D>? 29, —UIr +ug-0 -l0lg — -0 > ® —GIa - oda Soke 0,00, G-guua, 20a: ta = O:-428A = °Y : | | | 1d) Ute Mah aua te do the Unust shown belo OF | to feud fe pplied 4 yy Soure- soon Qo BS Yoo Vie 5 Q joo uv (4) So}. = T= Va. 1 ne 100 Va = oo (4-99 Ty. 900. (Q-9 2 aCh-@ 10d Gupe mab, = 5005, - 200-23 — p00lU- — YL G-LD KT) + 4 +O T, _ T, +yools + Dp -S00%, — oof, + Jace — 6004 + 3B -4ook + ate — loool, +loooT, +4¥>=Q —Qt00T, +140dTg 419-0 56 _groo t + 140p XQ(G-5m) +419 =0 —a900G + 2609% — Ig) =0 4, ee OY Lie A = 00ba Poroe Suppleed by UV Soure = ine otgo 13) Use Roop analysts i Ard tH Current Ihdagh, [oe yeststoee for Cau Shown te. belond. Jy 5 lod 5a ay 5N lov Loop-\ -55y — 10Ty -10 (y-Sn) - 54y +520 > -5Sy — 10% 10 Sy +10% ~ SI, +520 +S= 2 —2ok a 3 = = OCA hoop? 5. ~10+ SH + lo (Ty ~hk) =0 Sr ie) +5 Ly + loLy —10Ty =O \ | 1S Tx +1Sly ae > -1sh +415 (as) = 10 | > -She 10 - 1S LO-aS) | 2 bar Tr = —8:8° 26.4 1bF a = Is et Tn = Ly-Tr = o.ay — C0-41b7) = 0-6667 A 1h) use Mesh analysts to detemine Te Mesh currenks f, ty and 73 sor tho network Shown % fig belona oe ae Sh hoop. _5, -(H-fs) 12 i) °0 igyrtetb-o7O . 5 yee 9, —aij=e fel =O oc Super neh, Tg-I3- 1—3© 58 —aUb-fi) +1 (Tels) - &fy +220 ~—ah +25 +3, — 13 - 24 +2 =0 3y, _ 9%) —343 = -2 —>@& ae 0, 0,8 ° = em 00h - = aH pss A = desbey 0 SUS vet) = Vm Sinchot+ 4) tc) = 2 Ynsincwt+ 2) dn Vp 2 Vi [81 oy 2 TmLO- Le y e Vea, [2-82 2(x1L@ im c i fk Ve PKe I mL Ke Se Lai ae sEi cu Jf Vd Dnpedance - R 64 Va) Ke R + fre-j¥e a R+jCu—¥e) > Dind the = Cutrvent though UD veststor fo Ibe nehoork “shown beloo ustag meth aualysts - 52 “4 ya oe ae | —$668V @ abasl— 508 (~) Sol: Apply AvL, toop-1, 50- 5% Je (t-ia)>0 50 — SF, — $24, + f2h=0 > —(stinh + je 2 7 O Q ° : ea hoop a ~4Q +ja (tg-fa) + jolie -f2) =O —uh +2 - Jats +Jat, -— jgX-0 jat, — Gry -jalg=0 9 @ hoop 31 _ tg — a6. as [668° + (~ja)(é2-fa) =O dS -ai3 — ghar 868" — jain + jr =O O Jalan + (-d4jayty = ab.ar (66:82) - (S42) 60 JQ 0 . “sore Ja “4 Sh ae ° 0 JQ asa 3 en vn Cramers rule, an i jz 0 Je -y je a -j> -a4jr} ae > —(642) [-4Carja) - jnc)| -j2[i-caes . 45459 [ 8-je+4] -52f-yj-4] = = CS4p) (RID +je(ary) = = 60 +j4o—ay +O) +8) + 8e1) = —bo +j yo ~ 2uj 1b +9) -8 = —8Y + uj D2 = —te+ja) “50 b jt O je o db ar tbee* -a4]2 | = _(sijay ( jexres ce) jp 50(j2(-24P)) _ (sti [90-5 2] +s0(-4j-4) - -cssjay [ ynar tj ao6e] Bos. $3 (3-99" 44 -4) tyne tgs Aas S663 EH a jgo-te'y A — 8y + aut [eer Ue > Find tke Current WWxough. 4-0 Capactante ta le Network Shown. use mek aualysis - Ary tye to all loops Leet Jory — sof, lf Crin) +30) =O (ope (Olnmeeen et + jiz +3{,-37, =O Bast, ej +3fs --10 —>@ Loop-2 . eo a Jato +jsC bi) +) (t-2) =0 — jat, +]oh w jSls 4 jh -jl2 +0 ju +J gee aj5ig =0 —>() 61 3 ; . a js Un-i3) —Cju) (is) —3(f3-8) =O 5 jst, + ls sv 3b #5400 3h js +3 iho > © —CBd1) j 3 ty oo J de jr inp Ff & : o 3 oN eer th) o N=] (B+) j 3 j ta ds 3 -jS -34)9]. = -(+ 1341) (439300

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